-
2011
年
4
月英语阅
读
(
一
)
自考
试题
全国
2011
< br>年
4
月自考
< br>英语阅读
(
一
)
试题
课程代码
:00595
I. CAREFUL READING
Read
the
following
passages
carefully.
Decide
on
the
best
answer
and
write
the
corresponding
letter
on
the
ANSWER
SHEET. (40 points, 2
points each)
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the
following passage.
Sport
is
not
only
physically
challenging,
but
it
can
also
be
mentally
challenging.
Criticism
from
coaches,
parents,
and
other
teammates,
as
well
as
pressure
to
win
can
create
an
excessive amount of anxiety or stress
for young athletes
(
运动
员
).
Stress
can
be
physical,
emotional,
or
psychological,
and
research has indicated
that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has
been described as dropping or quitting
of an activity that was at
one time
enjoyable.
The
early
years
of
development
are
critical
years
for
learning
about
oneself.
The
sport
setting
is
one
where
valuable
experiences
can
take
place.
Young
athletes
can,
for
example,
1
learn
how
to
cooperate
with
others,
make
friends,
and
gain
other
social
skills
that
will
be
used
throughout
their
lives.
Coaches
and
parents
should
be
aware,
at
all
times,
that
their
feedback
to
youngsters
can
greatly
affect
their
children.
Youngsters
may
take
their
parents'
and
coaches'
criticisms
to
heart and find a flaw
(
缺陷
) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be
cautious that youth sport
participation
does not become work for children. The outcome
of the game should not be more
important than the process of
learning
the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth
sport
setting, young athletes may be
worrying more about
who will
win instead of enjoying themselves and
the sport. Following a
game,
many
parents
and
coaches
focus
on
the
outcome
and
find fault with youngsters'
performances.
Positive reinforcement
(
加强
) should be provided
regardless of
the
outcome.
Research
indicates
that
positive
reinforcement
motivates
and
has
a
greater
effect
on
learning
than
criticism.
Again, criticism
can create high levels of stress, which can lead
to burnout.
1. An effective
way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is
______.
A. to reduce their
mental stress
2
B. to point out their
shortcomings
C. to increase their sense
of success
D. to make sports more
challenging
2.
According
to
the
passage,
the
sport
setting
is
positive
for
young people in that ______.
A. it enables them to find flaws in
themselves
B. it helps them learn more
about school life
C. it provides them
with valuable experiences
D. it teaches
them how to set realistic goals for themselves
3.
Many
coaches
and
parents
tend
to
criticize
young
athletes
______.
A. so that they
train harder
B. believing that too much
praise is harmful
C. in order to make
them remember life lessons
D.
without
realizing
that
criticism
may
destroy
their
self
confidence
4.
According
to
the
passage,
parents
and
coaches
should
______.
A. train children to
cope with stress
B. help children to
win every game
C. prevent children from
repeated failures
D. encourage children
to enjoy themselves and sports
3
5. The author's purpose in writing the
passage is ______.
A. to teach young
athletes how to avoid burnout
B. to
persuade young athletes not to worry about
criticism
C. to stress the importance
of positive reinforcement in sports
D.
to
discuss
the
skill
of
combining
criticism
with
encouragement
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10
are based on the following passage.
Friedrich
Dobl,
a
Yugoslav
(
南斯拉夫人
)
working
in
Germany,
was
annoyed
with
traffic
jams.
At
long
weekends
and
holiday
times
when
he
wanted
to
get
home
quickly,
he
always
found
himself
moving
slowly
with
hundreds
of
other
cars
along
the
crowded foreign workers' route through
Germany and Austria.
How easy it all
was for police and emergency services! A siren
(
警报器
), a flashing
light? And like magic everyone was out of
the way. Going home from work one
night, he passed a garage.
And there in
front of him was the answer to his problem. An old
ambulance was for sale. The red cross
had been removed. But
not the flashing
light, and the siren. He tried the light. It
flashed
magnificently. He tried the
siren. That too sounded impressive.
He
bought the ambulance and opened up for himself a
dream
world of motoring.
4
It began early in the morning, all his
luggage in the back of the
ambulance
and
the
motorway
in
Germany
looking
reasonably
clear. Soon, as always, a long line of
traffic appeared ahead. He
switched on
the flashing light and set off the siren. Cars
swiftly
slowed
and
pulled
off
the
fast
lane.
Other
cars
stopped
and
drivers waved him ahead to an open road
all his own. In record
time he crossed
the border into Austria. His trick was working.
Police
even
waved
him
through
the
confusion
caused
by
an
accident.
But then the Yugoslav made his bad
mistake. Until then he had
only stopped
for petrol. Now he was driving past a real
accident,
lights flashing, too late to
realize that it was not another traffic
jam
as
he
assumed.
They
stopped
him,
and
after
hearing
the
story of his ride across two countries
fined him 12.5 pounds.
6. At long
weekends and
holiday times
Friedrich Dobl used
to
______.
A. drive home in
Germany
B. meet other foreign workers
C. get caught in terrible traffic jams
D. get to the workplace by a quick
route
7. The reason why Dobl decided to
buy the ambulance was that
______.
5
A. he had always wanted one
B. he wanted to sell it at a higher
price
C. he liked the red cross and the
flashing light
D. he knew that other
cars would make way for an ambulance
8.
In what condition was the ambulance he bought?
A. It was shabby and untidy.
B. The siren worked wonderfully.
C. The light did not flash properly.
D. The red cross was vaguely seen.
9. Armed with the ambulance, Dobl found
that ______.
A. all the cars stopped
and made way for him
B. the police were
busy clearing the way of traffic
C. it
was such fun to get out of the traffic confusion
in Germany
D.
he
could
cross
the
border
into
Austria
in
the
shortest
possible time
10. The most appropriate title for the
story would be ______.
A.
C.
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15
are based on the following passage.
If
it were only necessary to decide whether to teach
elementary
science
to
everyone
on
a
mass
basis
or
to
find
the
gifted
few
6
and
take
them
as
far
as
they
can
go,
our
task
would
be
fairly
simple.
The public school system, however, has no such
choice,
for the jobs must be carried on
at the same time. Because we
depend
heavily upon science and technology for our
progress,
we must produce specialists
in many fields. Because we live in a
democratic
nation,
whose
citizens
make
the
policies
for
the
nation,
large numbers of us must be educated to
understand, to
support, and when
necessary, to judge the work of experts. The
public
school
must
educate
both
producers
and
users
of
scientific services.
In
education,
there
should
be
a
good
balance
among
the
branches of knowledge that contribute
to effective thinking and
wise
judgment.
Such
a
balance
is
defeated
by
too
much
emphasis on any other
field. This question of balance involves
not only the relation of the natural
sciences, the social sciences,
and
the
arts
but
also
relative
emphasis
among
the
natural
sciences themselves.
Similarly, we must have a balance
between current and classical
attention
of
the
public
is
continually
drawn
to
the
discovery
of
new
knowledge;
it
should
not
be
allowed
to
turn our attention away from the sound,
established materials
that form the
basis of courses for beginners.
7
11.
According
to
the
1
st
paragraph,
the
task
of
education
is
fairly complicated
because ______.
A. the public school
has no choice of what to teach
B. it is
difficult to choose what to teach in public
schools
C.
the
current
public
school
system
is
too
complex
to
be
understood
D.
the educators have to take care of both ordinary
and gifted
students
12.
Which of the following is NOT included in the
passage?
A. A democratic nation needs a
lot of well-educated citizens.
B. We
depend much on science and technology for our
progress.
C.
The
educators
are
required
to
lay
emphasis
on
some
particular field.
D.
Elementary
science
should
be
taught
on
a
mass
basis
in
public
schools.
13. According to the author,
the balance among the branches of
knowledge is very necessary because
such a balance ______.
A. would benefit
the growth of gifted students
B. would
ensure the students' grasp of new knowledge
C. involves both the natural sciences
and the social sciences
D.
facilitates
the
training
of
effective
reasoning
and
wise
decision-making
8
14. What can be
inferred from the last paragraph?
A.
Most people take great interest in classical
knowledge.
B. Sufficient attention
should be given to basic knowledge.
C.
The discovery of new knowledge is particularly
important.
D. Classical knowledge is
more popular than current knowledge.
15. The passage centers on ______.
A. the balance in education
B. the importance of education
C. the balance between basic and new
knowledge
D. the balance among
different branches of knowledge
Passage
4
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the
following passage.
Regular interaction
or familiarity seems to increase liking; often,
the people we interact with the most
are simply those who are
closest to us.
A classic study by Festinger found that residents
of
an apartment complex tended to
interact with, and
like those
who happened to live on the same floor
more than those who
lived
on
other
floors
or
in
other
buildings.
The
researcher
did
not analyze this phenomenon in terms of
the development of
in-group versus out-
group perceptions and biases, but such an
analysis
might
prove
interesting.
Likewise,
when
classroom
seating
is
alphabetical
(
依字母顺序的
),
students
are
more
9
likely to be friends with people who
share the same initial.
There
are
two
major
explanations
for
the
relation
between
proximity
(
接近
)
and
liking.
The
first
is
simple
availability.
If
most people are nice and easy enough to
approach, it follows
that
proximity
will
determine
who
you
get
to
know
and,
therefore,
like.
The
second
explanation
is
based
on
the
mere
exposure effect, that
is, simple familiarity increases liking for a
person
or
object
that
is
not
necessarily
likeable.
The
mere
exposure
effect has been demonstrated in the laboratory
with
some
meaningless
syllables,
which
people
find
more
pleasing
after
they
have
repeated
them
several
times.
It
seems
reasonable
to
conclude
that
repeated
exposure
to
people
in
proximity to us leads us to like them
more.
16. Which of the following is the
best title for the passage?
A. Liking
and Similarity.
B. Proximity and
Liking.
C. Availability and Friendship.
D. Interaction and Relationship.
17.
According
to
the
passage,
the
researcher
studies
the
phenomenon on the basis
of ______.
A. perceptions of membership
B. the development of friendship
10
C. in-group versus out-group biases
D. the degree of familiarity among
people
18.
The
organizational
pattern
of
the
passage
can
be
best
described as ______.
A.
opinion-proof
B. problem-solution
C. phenomenon-reason
D.
comparison-contrast
19. The experiment
on the meaningless syllables is intended to
demonstrate that ______.
A.
most people are friendly at first sight
B. simple familiarity increases liking
for a person
C.
students
will
definitely
become
friends
in
the
classroom
setting
D. irritation with
someone at the first meeting usually leads to
disliking
20. According to
the passage, all the following
statements are
true EXCEPT
that ______.
A. we tend to interact
with people closest to us
B. teachers
like the students seated in the front
C. interaction is more likely to happen
between neighbors
D. we tend to like
people who share our attitudes and opinions
11