-
Section
Ⅲ
Grammar-
过去分词（短语）作状语及短语动词
[
语法初识
]
原句感知
①
Seen
from above,
the old town is a maze of canals,
little
bridges
and
tiny
cobbled
streets
that
tourists
get lost in.
②
Not invited,
he
became very disappointed.
自主探究
(1)
句①～⑤中黑体部分均在句
中作状语，
分别表示时间、
原因、
③Completely
rebuilt,
the
town
would
not
be
so
条件、让步、伴随。
interesting.
(2)
根
据句②可知，过去分词作
④
Beaten by the
opposite team,
we didn't lose heart
状语时，
其否定形式通常是在分
and
encouraged each other.
⑤Aunt Wu came
in,
followed
by her
daughter.
词前加
not
。
(3)
句⑥～⑧的黑体部分是短语<
/p>
⑥The
building
of
a
new
car
factory
was
agreed
on
last
动词，
分别由“动词＋介词
、动
month.
词＋副词、
动词＋
副词＋介词”
⑦Can you try to get them to
bring down
the price?
构成。
⑧Lincoln
said
that
it
was
not
right
for
the
south
to
break away
from
the Union.
[
语法剖析
]
语法点一
一、过去分词
(
短语
)
作状语
过去分词
(
短语
)
作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步
、伴随等情况。这类状语可放
在句首、句中或句末，并可扩展为一个从句或并列分句。<
/p>
1
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作时间状语
< br>
Asked her future plans,
the girl said that she wanted to be a
teacher.
当被问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
Lost in the forest,
you
should first of all remain where you are, waiting
for
help to come.
当你在森林里迷路的时
候，首先你应该待在原地，等待救援的到来。
过去分词
(
短语
)
作状语
2
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作原
因状语
Frightened by the tiger,
the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.
因为被老虎吓着了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。
The child learns fast,
well
brought up
by his parents.
由于受到父母良好的教育，这个孩子学得很快。
3
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作条件状语
Often blamed by the teacher,
the students will lose heart.
如果经常挨老师批评，学生们就会失去信心。
Given more time,
we would do
it much better.
如果再多给点时间，我们就能做得更好。
4
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作让步状语
Left
at home,
John didn't feel afraid at
all.
虽然约翰被单独留在家里，但是他一点都不害怕。
Invited,
I won't go to the
party.
即使被邀请，我也不去参加聚会。
5
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作伴随或方式状语
The teacher stood there,
surrounded by many students
.
老师站在那里，身边围着很多学生。
The old man,
supported by
his wife,
went into the room.
那位老人在妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
6
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作结果状语
He
failed in the competition,
blamed by
his companions.
他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责备。
They went out in such bad weather,
caught in a heavy rain
halfway.
他们在这么恶劣的天气里出门，结果在半路上遇到了大雨。
<
/p>
二、过去分词
(
短语
)
作状语应注意的几个问题
1<
/p>
．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别：一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子
主语是被动关系；
现在分词作状语，
和句子主
语是主动关系；
不定式作状语，
一般表示目的、
原因、结果等。
To
get
a wonderful view of our city, we
climbed to the top of the tower.
为了饱览城市的美景，我们爬上了山顶。
Seen from the top of the tower,
our city looks more beautiful.
从塔顶上看，我们的城市更漂亮。
Seeing from the top of the tower,
we can get a wonderful view of our
city.
从塔顶我们可以饱览我们城市的美景。
2
．过去分词
(
短语
)
作状语时，也可在前面加上
when, if,
while, though, even if
等连词
(
词组
)
，以便明确是作何种状语。
When asked,
she
didn't answer.
别人问她的时候，她没有回答。
Though told
many times, he
still couldn't understand.
虽然跟他说过很多次，但他还是不懂。
3
．过去分词作状语时，其否定形式是在过去分词前加
not
。
Not
encouraged
by his parents, Jim felt a
little sad.
因为没有受到父母的鼓励，吉姆感到有点伤心。
4
．
有些分词已成为固定结构，
使用时不必考虑它们与主语的关系。
常见的有以下几种：
judging by/from
根据……判断
provided/providing that ...
given ...
假如……；在……条件下
倘若……；假定……
considering (that) ...
考虑到
supposing
(that) ...
如果……
Judging by/from
his accent,
he must be from the south.
从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。
I will agree to go
providing/provided that
you
go with me.
假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。
集中演练
1
1
－
1.
单句语法填空
①He entered,
accompanied (accompany) by his
secretary.
②When
asked (ask)
why he was absent, he said he was ill.
③
Dressed
(dress)
in
a
white
uniform,
he
looked
more
like
a
cook
than
a
doctor.
④Though
told (tell) to stop, the two girls kept
on talking at the meeting.
⑤These
problems, if not
solved (solve)
properly, will seriously affect the
growth of teenagers and even the
nation's future.
⑥Finally, those sports
stars came in,
followed (follow) by so
many fans.
⑦When
offered
(offer) help, one often says “Thank
you” or
“It
is very kind
of you.”
1
－
2.
单句改错
⑧Looking
at
in
this
way,
the
situation
doesn't
seem
so
< br>disappointing.
Looking→Looked
< br>
⑨Found her car stolen, she hurried
to a policeman for →Finding
⑩If
separating
from
his
best
friend
for
a
long
time,
he
would
feel
lonely
.
separating→separated
?
Facing
with
so
many
difficulties,
he
had
a
hard
time
those
days.<
/p>
Facing→Faced
或去掉
wit
h
?
Unless
inviting
to
speak,
you
should
remain
silent
at
the
conference.
in
viting→invited
?
Judged
from
the
expression
on
her
face,
she
must
have
news
of
great
excitement
to tell
us.
Judged→Judging
语法点二
短语动词就是由动词和其他词一起构成的习语。
1
．动词＋副词：不及物动词短语或及物动词短语。
(1)put up, put down, take out, take up<
/p>
等及物动词短语；若宾语为代词，要将代
词置于动词和副词之间；
若为名词，位置则灵活；
(2)break out,
break down, come out, come on, go on, go
out
等不及物动词短语；
(3)set off, set
out
等短语既是及物动词短语也是不及物动词短语。
2
．
动词＋介词：
这
一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。
agree
on,
agree
with,
approve
of, break into,
belong to, consist of, come across, fall for, hear
of
等。
3
．动词＋副词＋介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。
face up to, get down to, look forward
to, look up to, look down upon, make up
for
等。
4
．动词＋名词＋介词：这一类的短语通常都是及物动词短语。
take care of, make use of, pay
attention to, take advantage of, take note of,
take
notice
of,
catch
sight
of,
get/lay
hold
of,
keep
pace
with,
lose
sight
of,
lose
track of, make a fool
of, make fun of, put an end/a stop to, take
account of, take
pity
on
等。
5
．动词＋其他：如“动词＋it”构成的短语动词
make it, put it,
get it
等。
集中演练
2
2
－
1.
写出下列句中黑体短语的汉语意思
①If I
came
across
any CD about Liu Huan, I will
buy it.
偶然发现
短语动词
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