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新世纪英专综合
4
（第
2
版）电子教案
Unit 8
UNIT 8 THE DISCUS THROWER
Section One Pre-reading Activities
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I. Audiovisual supplement
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II. Cultural background ...............
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Section Two
Global Reading
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I. Structural
analysis of the text..............................
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II. Rhetorical features of the text ...
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Section Three
Detailed Reading .................................
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I. Questions: .........................
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II. Words and
Expressions ......................................
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Section Four Consolidation Activities <
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1
I. Vocabulary
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II. Grammar ...........................
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III.
Translation
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IV.
Exercises for integrated skills
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V. Oral
activities
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VI. Writing
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Section Five
Further Enhancement
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I. Text II ...
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II. Memorable
quotes
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新世纪英专综合
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（第
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Unit 8
Section
One Pre-reading Activities
I.
Audiovisual supplement
From
Forrest Gump
Watch the movie clip and answer the
following questions.
Script:
Forrest:
Where
’
s Momma?
Black woman:
She
’
s upstairs.
Mrs Gump:
Hah, Forrest!
Doctor:
I
’
ll see you
tomorrow.
Mrs Gump:
Fine.
Doctor:
Sure got
you straightened out, didn
’
t
we boy?
Forrest:
What
’
s the
matter, Momma?
Mrs. Gump:
I
’
m
dyin
’
, Forrest. Come on in,
sit down over here.
Forrest:
Why are you
dyin
’
, Momma?
Mrs. Gump:
It
’
s my time.
It
’
s just my time. Oh, now,
don
’
t you be afraid,
sweetheart. Death is
just a part of
life. It
’
s something
we
’
re all destined to do. I
didn
’
t know it, but I was
destined to be your momma. I did the
best I could.
Forrest:
You did good, Momma.
Mrs. Gump:
Well, I happened to believe you make
your own destiny. You have to do the best
with what God gave you.
Forrest:
What
’
s my
destiny, Momma?
Mrs. Gump:
You
’
re gonna have
to figure that out for yourself. Life is a box of
chocolates, Forrest.
You never know
what you
’
re gonna get.
Forrest (V.O.):
Momma always
had a way of explaining things so I could
understand them.
Mrs. Gump:
I will miss you, Forrest.
Forrest (V.O.):
She had got
the cancer and died on a Tuesday. I bought her a
new hat with little
flowers on it.
(EXT. BUS STOP
–
PRESENT The elderly woman and Forrest sit. The
woman is crying and wipes her
eyes with
a hankie.)
Forrest:
And
that
’
s
all
I
have
to
say
about
that.
Didn
’
t
you
say
you
were
waiting
for
the
number 7 bus?
Elderly woman:
There
’
ll be another one
along shortly.
Forrest:
Now, because I had been a football star
and war hero and national celebrity and a
shrimping ...
Questions:
1. What is Mrs.
Gump
’
s attitude toward
death?
Answer:
She
seems
quite
peaceful
in
face
of
her
own
death.
She
seems
to
accept
death
as
something she is destined
to do.
2. Why does she have such an
attitude?
Answer:
This
is
probably
because
she
thinks
she
has
lived
a
satisfactory
life.
She
believes
that
death is a part of life, something one
is destined to do. She assumes that she has done
the best
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新世纪英专
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Unit 8
she could to be a good woman.
II. Cultural background
The Psychological Aspects of Amputation
Regardless of the cause of the
amputation, an amputee will probably go through
basically
the same psychological
stages. Some may go through the grieving process
in a short time, while
others will
suffer several months. However, it is important
that one acknowledge and understand
the
process as he is going through each stage, for it
possibly helps him to survive psychologically.
1.
The Five
Stages of the Grieving Process
?
Denial
People
who
go
through
traumatic
amputations
usually
experience
Denial,
but
normally
those
who have had surgical
amputations will not experience it.
?
Anger
Often people will blame God, the
doctor, or others for their loss.
?
Bargaining
In this stage, patients may attempt to
postpone the reality of amputation, and most
patients will
try to bargain with their
doctor or through a higher authority such as a
religious figure.
?
Depression
In this stage,
anger is taken place by depression. This is
probably the most complicated stage of
grief, but it too will disappear.
Common symptoms include sleeping either too much
or too little,
negative
feelings
about
the
environment
and
the
future,
feelings
of
hopelessness,
and
talking
about death.
?
Acceptance and
Hope
Eventually, the amputee will come
to terms with his loss and start living again.
This is more easily
achieved if he has
a visit from a peer counselor who has been through
this entire process and can
give him
some advice.
2. Complicated
Grief
Complicated
grief
is
not
common
in
amputee
patients,
however
its
symptoms
are
more
harmful, which include
severe isolation, violent behavior, suicidal
ideation, workaholic behavior,
severe
or
prolonged
depression,
nightmares,
and
avoiding
reminders
of
the
amputation.
It
is
urgent
for
the
amputees
with
these
symptoms
to
seek
appropriate
professional
medical
treatment.
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新世纪英专综合
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Unit 8
Section
Two Global Reading
I. Structural
analysis of the text
This
text
is
a
piece
of
chronological
narration
about
an
amputee,
a
difficult
and
only
semi-communicative
patient
who
floundered
in
his
last
days
in
agony
and
depression
and
eventually died.
The text can be divided into three
parts:
Part I (Paragraph 1):
This part serves as an introduction to the
background of the story.
Part
II
(Paragraphs
2
–
13):
This
part
describes
the
strange
behavior
of
a
particular
patient
dubbed the
“
discus
thrower
”
and his conflict
with health workers.
Part
III (Paragraphs 14
–
15):
The last part tells the readers
about the patient
’
s death.
This
narration
also
poses
interesting
challenges:
what
to
think
of
this
man,
how
to
understand
him, and how to treat him? Clearly the
man
’
s enigmatic speech and
action are saying
something, and Selzer
suggests that few are listening. The story offers
no answer, but it suggests
that
the
kind
of
sympathy
the
narrator
develops
through
watching
the
patient
(though
not
expressed) is a good start. The
patient
’
s provocative
behavior and the story
’
s
openness make it a
good point of
departure for a discussion.
II. Rhetorical features of
the text
A notable feature of this text
is
the extensive use of questions on
the part of the narrator
.
He
asks questions in his dialogue with the patient,
and he also asks himself questions.
First look at the questions he asks
himself:
For example:
1.
Ought not a doctor to
observe his patients by any means and from any
stance that he might
take for the more
fully assemble evidence?
(Paragraph 1).
2.
Is he mute as well as
blind?
(Paragraph 3)
3.
What is he thinking behind those lids
that do not blink? Is he remembering a time when
he was
whole? Does he dream of feet? Or
when his body was not a rotting log?
(Paragraph 6)
These questions call for
no
answer but they reveal the inner
thoughts of
the narrator. He
seems to be trying to place himself in
the position of the patient to feel a better
understanding of
the
patient
’
s psychology.
Now look at the questions he asks in
his dialogue with the patient:
For
example:
1.
How are
you?
(Paragraph 5)
2.
How do you feel?
(Paragraph
5)
3.
Anything more I can do
for you?
(Paragraph 7)
All
these questions help to show that the doctor is
very patient with and, responsible for his
patient.
Practice:
Study the text and
pick out other questions he asks, and see how
these questions help reveal his
attitude towards the patient.
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新世纪英专综合
4
（第
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Unit 8
Section
Three Detailed Reading
THE DISCUS
THROWER
Richard
Selzer
1
I
spy
on my patients. Ought
not a doctor to observe his patients by any means
and
from
any
stance
that
he
might
take
for
the
more
fully
assemble
evidence?
So
I
stand
in
the
doorways of hospital rooms and gaze.
Oh, it is not all that
furtive
an act. Those in bed need
only look up to discover me. But they
never do.
2
From
the doorway of Room 542 the man in the bed seems
deeply tanned. Blue eyes
and close-
cropped white hair give him the appearance of
vigor and good health. But I know
that
his skin is not brown from the sun. It is rusted,
rather, in the last stage of containing the
vile
repose
within.
And
the
blue
eyes
are
frosted
,
looking
inward
like
the
windows
of
a
snowbound cottage. This man is blind.
This man is also legless ― the right leg missing
from
midthigh down, the left from just
below the knee. It gives him the look of a
bonsai
, roots
and
branches pruned into the
dwarfed
facsimile
of a great tree.
3
Propped
on pillows, he
cups
his right thigh in both
hands. Now and then he shakes his
head
as though acknowledging the intensity of his
suffering. In all of this he makes no sound.
Is he mute as well as blind?
4
The
room
in
which
he
dwells
is
empty
of
all
possessions
―
no
get
-well
cards,
small,
private caches of
food, day-old flowers, slippers, all the usual
kickshaws
of the sick room.
There is only the bed, a chair, a
nightstand, and a tray on wheels that can be
swung
across
his
lap for meals.
5
“
What time is
it?
”
he asks.
“
Three o
’
< br>clock.
”
“
Morning or
afternoon?
”
“
Afternoon.
”
He is silent. There is nothing else he
wants to know.
“
How are
you?
”
I say.
“
Who are
you?
”
he asks.
“
It
’
s
the doctor. How do you
feel?
”
He does
not answer right away.
“
Feel
?
”
he says.
“
I hope you feel
better,
”
I say.
I
press the button at the side of the bed.
“
Down you
go,
”
I say.
“
Yes,
down,
”
he says.
6
He falls back
upon the bed awkwardly. His stumps, unweighted by
legs and feet, rise in
the air,
presenting themselves. I unwrap the bandages from
the stumps, and begin to cut
away the
black scabs and the dead, glazed fat with scissors
and forceps. A shard of white
bone
comes
loose.
I
pick
it
away.
I
wash
the
wounds
with
disinfectant
and
redress
the
stumps. All this while, he does not
speak. What is he thinking behind those lids that
do not
blink? Is he remembering a time
when he was whole? Does he dream of feet? Or when
his
body was not a rotting log?
7
He
lies solid and inert. In spite of everything, he
remains impressive, as though he were
5
新世纪英专综合
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Unit 8
a sailor
standing athwart a slanting deck.
“
Anything more I can do for
you?
”
I ask.
For
a long moment he is silent.
“
Yes,
”
he says at last and without the least irony.
“
You can bring me a pair of
shoes.
”
In the
corridor, the head nurse is waiting for me.
“
We have to do something
about him,
”
she says.
“
Every morning he orders
scrambled
eggs for breakfast, and,
instead of eating them, he picks up the plate and
throws it against
the
wall.
”
“
Throws his
plate?
”
“
Nasty.
That
’
s what he is. No wonder
his family doesn
’
t come to
visit. They probably
can
’
t stand him
any more than we can.
”
She is waiting for me to do something.
“
Well?
”
“
We
’
ll
see,
”
I say.
8
The next
morning I am waiting in the corridor when the
kitchen delivers his breakfast. I
watch
the aide place the tray on the stand and swing it
across his lap. She presses the button
to raise the head of the bed. Then she
leaves.
9
In time the man reaches to find the rim
of the tray, then on to
find the dome
of the
covered dish. He lifts off the
cover and places it on the stand. He fingers
across the plate
until he
probes
the eggs. He lifts
the plate in both hands, sets it on the palm of
his right hand,
centers it, balances
it. He
hefts
it up and down
slightly, getting the feel on it. Abruptly, he
draws back his right arm as far as he
can.
10
There is the crack of the plate
breaking against the wall at the foot of his bed
and the
small wet sound of the
scrambled eggs dropping to the floor.
11
And then he
laughs. It is a sound you have never heard. It is
something new under the
sun. It could
cure cancer.
Out in the corridor, the
eyes of the head nurse narrow.
“
Laughed, did
he?
”
She writes
something down on her clipboard.
12
A second aide arrives,
brings a second breakfast tray, puts it on the
nightstand, out of
his reach. She looks
over at me shaking her head and making her mouth
go. I see that we
are to be
accomplices
.
13
“
I
’
ve
got to feed you,
”
she says
to the man.
“
Oh, no, you don
’
t,
”
the man says.
“
Oh, yes, I
do,
”
the aide says,
“
after the way you just did.
Nurse says so.
”
“
Get me my
shoes,
”
the man says.
“
Here
’
s the
oatmeal,
”
the aide says.
“
Open.
”
And she touches the spoon to his lower
lip.
“
I ordered
scrambled eggs,
”
says the
man.
“
That
’
s right,
”
the aide
says.
I step forward.
“
Is there anything I can
do?
”
I say.
“
Who are
you?
”
the man asks.
14
In the evening
I go once more to that ward to
make my
rounds
. The head nurse reports
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新世纪英专综合
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Unit 8
to me
that Room 542 is
deceased
.
She has discovered this by accident, she says. No,
there
had been no sound. Nothing.
It
’
s a blessing, she says.
15
I
go
into
his
room,
a
spy
looking
for
secrets.
He
is
still
there
in
his
bed.
His
face
is
relaxed, grave, dignified. After a
while, I turn to leave. My gaze sweeps the wall at
the foot of
the bed, and I see the
place where it has been repeatedly washed, where
the wall looks very
clean and white.
I.
Questions:
1. Does the
doctor feel guilty of spying on his patients? Why
or why not? (Paragraph 1)
Answer:
No,
he
doesn
’
t.
Instead,
he
finds
the
activity
justifiable.
For
one
thing,
he
thinks
the
activity
is
well-
meant,
i.e.
he
wants
to
collect
more
pathological
evidence
in
order
to
give
the
patients more effective treatment. For
another, his activity is not spying in the true
sense, for the
act is far from furtive.
2. How would you account
for the possessions in Room 542? (Paragraph 4)
Answer: The fact that there are no get-
well cards, no small, private caches of food and
day-old
flowers shows that he has been
abandoned by his family and friends.
3. Why does the patient ask
for shoes time and again? (Paragraphs 7)
Answer: As a blind man, he is
restrained in activity. Now without legs he is
completely confined to
bed. Like a
caged bird, he longs for freedom and dreams of
going back to his career. Thus it is
understandable why he repeatedly asks
for shoes.
4. Why does the
patient throw his plate? (Paragraphs
9
－
10)
Answer:
This is the way he expresses his wrath with the
unfair fate. He is deprived of sight and
now
his
legs.
Deserted
by
society,
he
is
left
with
very
little.
Indignant
as
he
is,
he
can
avenge
himself upon nobody. What he can do is
only to crash his plate against the wall to vent
his anger
and despair. Moreover, he
would rather die in a stroke like the plate than
linger in agony.
5. What
kind of laughter does the patient give? (Paragraph
11)
Answer: The laughter is unique as
is indicated in Paragraph 11. It comes both from
the pleasure
after revenge by crashing
the plate and the hope to extricate himself from
his agony by means of
an
abrupt
death
like
the
plate.
Since
freedom
in
this
material
world
is
impossible
to
him,
he
wishes to
have it in the other world.
Class Activity
Group
discussion:
How do you think a dying
man will most probably behave? Should euthanasia
(physician-assisted
suicide) be
legalized?
II. Words and
Expressions
Paragraph 1
spy:
v.
notice
Collocation:
spy
on:
secretly or furtively
observe sb. or sth.
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Unit 8
e.g.
The children
loved spying on the grownups.
Translation:
公司派他去侦查竞争对手的销售实力。
Answer: The company sent him to spy on
the competitor
’
s sales force
Blank filling:
The US government
the movements of the
terrorists since 9.11.
(Answer: has been spying on)
stance:
n.
an
attitude or view about an issue that you state
clearly
Collocation:
stance
on/toward/against
e.g.
Tell us what your stance is
on capital punishment.
furtive:
a.
done on the sly or in a sneaky
way
e.g.
The thief gave a furtive glance at the
defense attorney when the judge read the charges.
Synonym:
secret,
stealthy, covert, clandestine, surreptitious,
underhand
Comparison:
Secret
is the
most general.
e.g.
a desk with a secret compartment;
secret negotiations
Stealthy
suggests quiet, cautious deceptiveness intended to
escape notice.
e.g.
Paul heard stealthy footsteps on the
stairs.
Covert
describes something that is concealed or disguised
e.g.
Every measure, both
overt and covert, is being taken against
terrorists.
Clandestine
(
a.&n.
)
implies
stealth
and
secrecy
for
the
concealment
of
an
often
illegal
or
improper purpose
e.g.
clandestine
intelligence operations
Furtive
suggests the
slyness, shiftiness, and evasiveness of a thief.
e.g.
Chris kept
stealing furtive glances at me.
Surreptitious
is stealthy,
furtive, and often unseemly or unethical.
e.g.
His
surreptitious behavior naturally aroused
suspicion.
Underhand
implies
unfairness, deceit, or slyness as well as secrecy.
e.g.
He
’
s a gentleman and would
never say anything underhand about me.
Paragraphs 2-13
frosted:
a.
covered with
frost or something like frost
e.g.
a frosted window
frosted glass
frosted blue eyes
bonsai:
n.
an
ornamental tree of shrub grown in a pot and
artificially prevented from reaching
its normal size
dwarf:
n.
&
a.
(of) sth. or
sb. much shorter than the normal
e.g.
dwarf tree, plant, animal
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Unit 8
v.
to
cause to appear small by comparison
e.g.
Together these two big men dwarfed the
tiny Broadway office. buildings dwarfed by the
surrounding hills
被周围的小山衬得低矮的建筑物
facsimile:
n.
an
exact copy of sth., especially a book or document
e.g.
He spread out several facsimile weather
charts.
prop (up):
v.
support by placing against sth. solid
or rigid; shore up
e.g.
Try to prop up the tent
with the branch from the tree.
He can
’
t always
expect his colleagues to prop him up.
to prop up a new regime
扶植一个新政权
cup:
v.
support or hold sth. with the hands
that are curved like a dish
e.g.
He cupped her chin in the palm of his
hand.
Make a sentence with the
following key words:
kneel
,
cup
,
hand
,
river
water
.
Answer:
David knelt, cupped his
hands and splashed river water onto his face.
swing:
v.
(swung, swung)
move sth. from side to side
e.g.
A large pendulum swung back and forth
inside the grandfather clock.
His mood swings between elation and
despair.
probe:
v.
physically explore or examine sth. with
the hands or an instrument
e.g.
Detectives questioned him for hours,
probing for any inconsistencies in his story.
Collocation:
probe in/into
e.g.
The official enquiry will probe into
alleged corruption within the Defence Ministry.
They probed
in/into the mud with a special drill, looking for
a long-buried shipwreck.
heft:
v.
lift or hold sth. in order to test its
weight
e.g.
I watched him heft the heavy sack onto
his shoulder.
accomplice:
n.
sb. who helps another person to do sth.
illegal or wrong
e.g.
He is suspected as an
accomplice of the murder.
Derivation:
complicity:
n.
(
formal
) the act of taking
part with another person in a crime
e.g.
complicity
in a crime
Confusing words:
accomplice, accomplish
Paragraphs 14-15
go/make
one
’
s rounds
(1)
deliver mail door to door; go round (esp. a
hospital ward); inspect
e.g.
make/go the rounds of the
wards
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Unit 8
（医院）查房
(2) spread
e.g.
a paragraph going the
rounds of various journals
转载在各种杂志上的一段文章
War rumors are going the rounds.
有关战争的谣言正在流传。
deseased:
a.
dead
e.g.
flowers on the grave of deceased
relatives
the deseased:
(
formal and
legal
) person(s) who has(have) recently
died
e.g.
The deceased was a highly
respected member of the farming community.
Confusing words:
deceased,
diseased
III.
Sentences
:
1.
“
Yes,
down,
”
he says. (Paragraph
5)
Explanation:
“
Yes,
I
am
going
down,
”
he
says,
meaning
literally
that
he
is
going
down
with
the
bed
but
metaphorically that his
physical condition is going from bad to worse.
2. It is a sound you have never heard.
It is something new under the sun. It could cure
cancer.
(Paragraph 11)
Paraphrase:
The wild,
relaxed laughter is a totally new sound in the
world that nobody has ever heard. The
joyful laughter could even give a
promising future to cancer patients.
3.
She looks over at me shaking her head and making
her mouth go. (Paragraph 12)
Paraphrase:
The
aide looks across at me, shaking her head to
express her frustration and pursing her lips to
signal her annoyance.
10
新世纪英专综合
4
（第
2
版）电子教案
Unit 8
Section
Four Consolidation Activities
I
. Vocabulary
1.
Word
derivation
1) peculiar
a.
→
pecul
iarity
n.
①这是
18
世纪特有的风俗。
This is a style
peculiar
to the 18th
century.
②诗人的特别之处在于他有表达自己感受的冲动。
A poet
’
s
peculiarity
is that he has
the impulse to express what he feels.
2)
impress
v.
→
impressive
a.
→
impression
n.
①
我使他铭记自己工作的重要性。
I
impressed
on
him the importance of his work.
②
他们的婚礼令人印象深刻。
Their wedding ceremony was
impressive
.
③
我很惊讶你对他印象不佳。
I
’
m surprised
that you got an unfavourable
impression
of him.
3)
dwell
v.
→
deweller
n.
→
dewelling
n.
①
自出生以来他就居住在那个小村舍。
He has
dwelled
in
the cottage since he was born.
②
对城市居住者来说交通是一大问题。
For city
dwellers
, traffic is a big
problem.
③
我怎可能知道去哪里找他？我甚至都没去
过他的住处
!
How can I know where
to find him? I haven
’
t even
been to his
dwelling
!
4)
deliver
v.
→
delivery
n.
①
你把我的口信带给你父亲了吗？
Did you
deliver
my message to your father?
②
我们保证送货及时。
We guarantee prompt
delivery
of goods.
5) disinfect
v.
→
disinfection
n..
→
disinfectant
n
.
①
汤姆
患过猩红热之后，这房子消了毒。
The house
was
disinfected
after Tom
had scarlet fever.
②
消毒可以杀死大部分细菌。
Disinfection
may kill most
bacteria.
③
滥用消毒剂也会对健康有害。
It may also do harm to health to abuse
disinfectant
.
6) assemble
v.
→
assembly
n.
①
学生在学校礼堂里集合。
Students
assembled
in the school
hall.
②
他没有出现在学生和教师的每日集会上。
11
新世纪英
专综合
4
（第
2
版）电子教案
Unit 8
He didn
’
t show up
in the daily
assembly
of
students and teachers.
7)
probe
v.
→
probing
n.
&
a.
①
这名记者下定决心深入调查这桩丑闻。
The journalist is determined to
probe
into the scandal.
②
他对邻居的打探很恼火。
He was annoyed with his
neighbour
’
s
probings
.
8)
awkward
a.
→ awkwardness
n
.
①他们之间出现了令人尴尬的沉默。
There was an
awkward
silence between
them.
②婴儿笨拙地使用勺子的样子把每个人都逗乐了。
The
awkwardness
of the baby with his spoon made everyone laugh.
2. Words and phrases
practice
1) The woman detective shifted
her stance from one foot to the other.
stance:
position
e.g.
我们从不同的角度得出相同的结论。
We
came to the same conclusion from different
stances.
2) The
duke
’
s daughter became mute
after a shock.
mute:
dumb
e.g.
小说的主人公是一个哑女。
The
heroine of the novel is a mute woman.
3) The police officer probed his body
from top to bottom, suspecting him of drug
trafficking.
probe:
search
e.g.
潜水员一寸一寸地在浑浊的水域搜索。
Divers probed the murky waters inch by
inch.
4) Helicopters with searchlights
swept the park which was sealed off.
sweep:
move across steadily
from side to side
e.g.
暴风雪横扫全国。
A
blizard swept the whole country.
5) The
plane was flying normally for about 15 minutes
before a warning light started blinking.
blink:
flash on and off
e.g.
我们看到一艘轮船上的灯光在地平线上闪烁着。
We saw the lights of a steamer blinking
on the horizon.
6) The top half of the
door to his office was of frosted glass.
frosted:
roughened and thus
not transparent
e.g.
磨砂玻璃既透光又能保护一定的隐私。
Frosted glass both lets some light in
and protects privacy to some degree.
7)
Quite by accident, she came up with a brilliantly
simple solution.
by
accident:
by chance
e.g.
由于很偶然的原因，分离的家庭重聚了。
By accident, the parted family
reunited.
8) The last of
the sunlight was shining athwart the latticed
window.
12
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