听力十大必背段子

听力十大必背段子

1.

文科段子：艺术类音乐

It may seem strange that we're discussing music from a Broadway production in

this class,

I mean music preformed for Broadway theater in the heart of New York

city surely

would

seem

to

be

in

the

western

tradition

of

popular

music

and

not

have

much

in

common with the music we have been studying in this course, such as gamelan music

of

Indonesia,

or

Zulu

chants

of

South

Africa,

music

that

developed

outside

the

western tradition of Europe and America. But in fact, musicians have a long-standing

tradition

of

borrowing

front

one

another's

cultures.

And

this

production's

director

intentionally

included

both

western

and

non- western

music.

That

way,

some

of

the

rhythms,

instrument,

and harmonies typical

of non-western music contrast with

and

complement popular music more familiar to audiences in North America and Europe,

music like rock, jazz or Broadway style show tunes. So I want to spend the rest of this

class and most of the next one on the music from the show

of summarizing some of the technical distinctions between typical western music and

the

non-western

music

that

we've

been

studying.

Now

the

African

influence

on

the

music is

clear. The story

takes

place in

Africa.

So the director

got

a South

African

composer to write songs with a distinctly African sound. And the songs even include

words from African languages. But we'll get back to the African influence later. First

let's

turn

to

the

music

that

was

written

for

the

shadow

puppet

scenes

in

Lion

King

region.

2.

理科段子：天文学

In ancient times, many people believed the earth was a flat disc. Well over 2,000

years

ago;

the

ancient

Greek

philosophers

were

able

to

put

forward

two

good

arguments proving that it was not.

Direct

observations of heavenly bodies

were the

basis of both these arguments. First, the Greeks knew that during eclipses of the moon

the earth was between the sun and the moon, and they saw that during these eclipses,

the earth's shadow on the moon was always round, they realized that this could be true

only

if

the

earth

was

spherical,

It

the

earth

was

a

flat

disc,

then

its

shadow

during

eclipses would not

be a prefect

circle; it would be stretched out

into a long ellipse.

The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels. They

noticed that the North Star, or Polaris, appeared lower in the sky when they traveled

south,

in

the

more

northerly

regions,

the

North

Star

appeared

to

them

to

be

much

higher in the sky. By the way, it was also from this difference in the apparent position

of the North Star that the Greeks first calculated the approximate distance around the

circumference

of

the

earth,

a

figure

recorded

in

ancient

documents

says

400.000

stadium,

that's

the

plural

of

the

world

stadium.

Today,

it's

not

known

exactly

what

length

one

stadium

represents,

but

let's

say

it

was

about

200

meters,

the

length

of

many athletic stadiums. This would make the Greek's estimate about twice the figure

accepted today, a very good estimate for those writing so long before even the first

telescope was invented.

3.

文科段子：文学名著

Continuing

our

survey

of

the

19th

century,

let's

take

a

look

now

at

Harriet

Beecher Stowe. Now Stowe is best known for her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book

that

details

the

harshness

of

plantation

life

in

the

south.

The

book

was

extremely

popular in the United States as well as in other countries. Ironically though, for all the

attention given to Uncle Tom's Cabin, it's far from Stowe's best work. She did write

one other novel about life in the south, but much of her best work has nothing with the

south at

all.

In fact,

Stowe's best

writing is

about

village life in

the

New England's

states in the 19th century. In recording to the customs of the villages she wrote about,

Stowe claimed that her purpose was to reflect the images as realistically as possible.

She usually succeeded, for her settings were often described accurately and in detail.

In this sense, she was an important forerunner to the realistic movement that became

popular later in the 19th century. She was one of the first writers to use local dialect

for her characters when they spoke. And she did this for 30 years before Mark Twain

popularized the use of local dialect. It makes sense that Stowe would write about New

England

life,

since

she

was

born

in

Connecticut.

As

a

young

woman

there,

she

worked

as

a

teacher.

The

teaching

job

helped

lead

to

her

first

published

work,

a

geography

book

for

children.

Later

when

she

was

married,

her

writing

helped

her

support

her

family

financially.

Throughout

her

life,

she

wrote

poems,

travel

books,

biographical sketches and children's books, as well as novels for adults.

9

4.

生活段子：噪音影响

I'm

glad

to

see

so

many

of

you

here.

We've

become

really

alarmed

over

the

health center by the number of students we are seeing, who are experiencing hearing

loss. First, I want to go over some basic about hearing. Then we can take a look at our

school environment and see if we can figure out some ways to protect hearing. The

leading

cause

of

preventable

hearing

loss

is

excessive

noise.

Too

much

moderate

noise for a long time or some types of intense noise for even a short time can damage

hearing.

Loudness

is

measured

in

units

called

decibels.

One

decibel

is

the

lowest

sound

that

the

average

person

can

here.

Sounds

up

to

80

decibels

generally

aren't

harmful.

That's

noise

like

traffic

on

a

busy

street.

But

anything

louder

than

80

decibels,

especially

with

continuous

exposure,

may

eventually

hurt

your

hearing.

Once

you are up to

around 140 decibels, that's

like a jet plane taking off, then

you

might even feel pain in your ears. And pains are sure sign that your hearing's at risk.

Even

one

exposure

to

a really

loud

noise

at

close

range

can

cause

hearing

loss.

So

what you need to do is limit your exposure to harmful levels. If you pass along this

handout,

we

can

take

a

look

at

the

decibel

level

of

some

common

campus

sounds.

Notice how loud those horns are that people take to football games. They are really

dangerous if blown right behind you. Now, let's try to

generate a list of damaging noises.

: C2

5.

文科段子：电影艺术

To get us started this semester I am going to spend the first two classes giving

you background lectures about some basic cinematic concepts. Once you are a little

more familiar with basic film terminology, we will be ready to look at the history of

movies in the United States. You'll be expected to attend showing of films on Tuesday

evenings

at

7

o'clock

in

Jennings

Auditorium.

That's

our

lab.

Then

during

our

Wednesday seminar, we'll discuss in depth the movie we saw the night before. We are