剑桥雅思第一套阅读assage真题原文详细解析译文

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Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of

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Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 27-32 on your answer

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List of Headings

i

The reaction of the Inuit community to climate change

ii

Understanding of climate change remains limited

iii

Alternative sources of essential supplies

iv

Respect for Inuit opinion grows

v

A healthier choice of food

vi

A difficult landscape

vii

Negative effects on well- being

viii

Alarm caused by unprecedented events in the Arctic

ix

The benefits of an easier existence

Example

Answer

Paragraph A

viii

27

Paragraph B

28

Paragraph C

29

Paragraph D

30

Paragraph E

31

Paragraph F

32

Paragraph G

A

Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit

families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting

camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud,

following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their

insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes, of lakes

draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up

earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters.

Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but

in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects - if summertime ice

continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon

become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely

to include more warming, cloudier skies, increased precipitation and

higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's

going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for

global warming - a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.

B

For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious

balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate

change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life.

Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are

not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them

what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously

guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory,

Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing

environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the

best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.

C

The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's

covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and

you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home.

Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings.

Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving

by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to

the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they

failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group

emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic

environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing

kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of

today's Inuit people.

D

Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh.

Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a

handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500

people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40

years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the

territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on

nature to provide food and clothing.

Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut

on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by

supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a

family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained

themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic

opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their

only income.

E

While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping

are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact

on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning

to appear in a people for whom these have never before been

problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of

hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In

Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in

igloos have children who may never have been out on the land,

there's a high incidence of depression.

F

With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key

role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic.

Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of

traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are

starting to draw

on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as ‘lnuit

Qaujimajatuqangit’, or IQ. ‘In the early days scientists ignored us

when they came up here to study anything. They just figured these

people don't know very much so we won't ask them,’ says John

Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. 'But in recent years IQ has

had much more credibility and weight.' In fact it is now a requirement

for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult

the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to

reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down

applications from scientists they believe will work against their

interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their

daily lives and traditional activities.

G

Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge

because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough.

Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far

north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our

environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many

predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge

the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of

what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the

consequence of human activity.

Questions 33-40

Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D below.

Choose

NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

from paragraphs C and

D for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.

If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the

problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be

impossible for the people to engage in 33.................... as a means

of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to

rely on catching 34.................... and 35.................... as a means

of sustenance.

The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there

pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The

36.................... people were an example of the latter and for them

the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present

inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut

consists of little more than ice, rock and a few 37.................... In

recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their

38.................... lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on

39.................... for their food and clothes. 40....................

produce is particularly expensive.

体裁

议论文

主题

气候变化与因纽特人

结构

A

段：概述北极罕见事件敲响警钟

B

段：因纽特人对于环境变化

做出的反 应

C

段：艰苦恶劣的自然条件

D

段：生活必需品来源的替代品

E

段：安逸生活的负面影响

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F

段：因纽特人对于环境的建议逐渐被考虑

和重视

G

段：人们对于环境的认识十分有限

A

段

incident n.

事件

abstract adj.

抽象的

snowmobile n.

雪地汽车

shrink v.

收缩

thaw n.

融雪

ice- free adj.

不冻的

igloo n.

圆顶建筑

knock-on adj.

连锁的

insulating adj.

绝缘的

precipitation n.

降水

permafrost n.

永久冰冻

(

永久冻土，永久冻地

) canary n.

金丝雀

B

段

urgent adj.

急迫的，紧要的，紧急的

hard-won adj.

难得的，来之不易

的

precarious a.

不确定的；危险的

autonomy n.

自治

.

自治权

threat n.

威胁

lie in

在于

content adj.

满足的

combine v.

结合

stand back

退后

(

靠后站，不介入

) ancestral a.

祖先的，祖传的

C

段

vast adj.

广阔的

vanish v.

消失

polar adj.

两极的，极地的

adapt to

适应

venture v.

冒险

cope with

对付

(

应付，克服

)

terrain n.

地带

Thule n.

古人相信存在于世界北端的国家，极北之地

meagre adj.

瘦的，不足的

exploit v.

开发，开拓

kayak n.(

爱斯基摩人用的

)

皮船

mammal n.

哺乳动物

sled n.

雪撬

D

段

descendant n.

子孙，后代

rely on

依赖，依靠

harsh adj.

艰苦的；苛刻的

provision n.

供应品，必需品

indigenous adj.

本土的

replace with

取代，以

……

代替

abandon v.

放弃

scarce adj.

缺乏的，不足的

nomadic adj.

游牧的

E

段

curtail v.

缩减，减少

identity n.

身份；特性

obesity n.

肥胖，肥大

depression n.

沮丧，情绪低落；忧郁症

diabetes n.

糖尿病

F

段

at stake

在危险中

(

处于成败关头

) credibility n.

可信性

tease out

梳理，挑出

consult v.

商议；请教

vital adj.

至关重要的；所必需的

agenda n.

议程

wisdom n.

明智的行为：智慧

impinge v.

侵犯

G

段

occupation n.

占有

tremendous adj.

巨大的，惊人的

onslaught n.

冲击

capriciousness n.

任性；善变

prediction n.

预言，预报

难句解析