-
语法聚焦：现在完成时
(Present
Perfect Tense)
1)
现在完成时的定义：
（
1
）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响
或结果。
—It’s so dark.
太黑了。
—
Someone has turned off the
light.
有人把灯关上了。
（
2
）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作
或状态。常与
since+
过去的时间点，
for+
一段时间，
so
far
等时间状语连用。
I have lived here
for ten years.
我已经住在这里
10
年了。
（从
10
年前开
始，
持续到现在
还住这儿）
I have lived here since 2003.
自从
2003
年我就住在这
儿。（
从
2003
年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）
2)
现在完成时的构成及句式转换：
助动词
have/has +
过去分词
①
I have finished my
homework. (
肯定句
)
②
I have not finished my
homework.
（否定句）
③
—
Have you
finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. /
No, I haven’t,
（一般疑问句及肯定、否定
回
答）现在完成时的标志：
①常与
just, already, yet, ever,
never, before, so far
等连用，
强调
动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。
Have you
ever been to Japan?
I have just
finished my homework.
②
for
+
时间段；
since
+
过去的时间点；
since
+
段时间
ago
；
since +
一般过去时的句子。
They
have known each other for five years.
Since he was a child, he has lived in
England.
do
__________
—
____________
go__________
—
___________
read
______
—
______
see
_________
—
______know____________
—
_____________
eat
_______
—
_________
forget
_________
—
_________write________-______
一、根据句意或汉语提示写词。
1.
We often see people take out ______ and shoot
others in
action movies.
2.
Li Ming went to Paris three years ago, now he can
speak
_________ very well.
3. I think dictionaries and Internet
are good _______(
工具
)
for us to study English.
4.
Look,
Tim
is
walking
t_______
the
library.
He
wants
to
borrow
some books.
5.
—
Would
you
like
something
e_____
to
eat?
—
No,
thanks. I’m full.
【课后巩固】
一、
用括号内所给单词适当形式填空
(
每题
4
分<
/p>
,
共
20
分
)
1. Judy has already _______
(finish) reading
Little
Women
.
2.
Tom
and
Mike
have
already
_______
(decide)
to
learn
Chinese on Internet.
3. Have
you ________ (read)
Alice in
Wonderland
yet?
4.
Robinson
________
(have)
already
built
a
house
on
the
island.
5. It often ________ (snow) in North
China in winter.
yet /
already
already
通
常用于肯定句中，意为
“
已
经
”
，位于行为动词之前，
be
< br>动词、助动词之后。
例如：
We have already cleaned the classroom.
我们已经打扫
了教室。
yet
用于疑问句中表示
“
已经
”
；
用于否定句中表示
“
还
（没）
”
。
例如：
—
Has he found his watch yet?
—
No, not
yet.
单项选择：
—
Have you
done most of your jobs?
—
Not _________. I will do them in a minute.
A. neither
B. never
C.
already
D. yet
Steve, have you decided yet which book
to write about for
English
class?
斯蒂夫，你已经决定英语课写哪本书了
吗？
which
book to write about
意为
“
写哪一本书
”
，此处
为<
/p>
“
疑问词
+
动词
不定式
”
结构，在句中作宾语。
I can’t decide when to start.
我不能决定何时动身。
I am
thinking about how to deal with the problem.
我
正在考虑怎样处理这个问题。
[
拓展
]
常用于此结构的疑问词还包括疑问代词
who,
whom, what
及疑问副词
when, where
和
how
。
He taught me how to pronounce it.
他教我如何发音。
I didn’t
decide w
here to live.
我没有决定住哪儿。
—
Which
dress
do
you
like
best,
Madam?
—Sorry,
I
can’t
decide __________ now.
A. to buy which one
B. buy
which one
C.
which
one
to
buy
D.
which
I
should
buy it
It was really good,
so I couldn’t
put
it
down
.
put… down
意为
“
记下；放下
”
，为
“<
/p>
动词
+
副词
”<
/p>
型短
语，宾语若为代词，应放在
put
与
down
中间。
________
your
name
on
the
paper
and
you
can
get
a
magazine.
A.
Cut down
B.
Look down
C.
Turn down
D.
Put down
one… the other…,
some… the others
的辨析
1. one… the other…
为固定搭配，
用于两者之间，
意为
“
一
个
……
另一个
……”
。
例如：
He has two sons. One is a doctor, the
other is a student.
他有两个儿子。一个是医生，另一个是学生。
2
.
some…
the
others…
用于三者或三
者以上，意为
“
一
些
< br>……
其余的
……”
。
例如：
Boys are on the playground. Some are
playing basketball, the
others are
playing football.
男孩们都在操场上，一些正打
< br>篮球，其余的正在踢足球。
）
Lily and her sister
look the same. I can’t tell one from
____.
A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. others
词义辨析
:
success
、
succeed<
/p>
、
successful
和
successfully
的辨析
<
/p>
①
success
：名词，意为
“
成功
”
②
succeed
：不及物动词，后常接
in doing sth.
。
succeed
in
sth
.
“
在某事上取得成功
”
；
succeed
in
doing
sth.
“
成功做某事
”
。
③
successful:
形容词，
意为
“
成功的
”
。
④
successfully:
副词，意为
“
成功地
”
。
选词填空：
succeeded, successful,
successfully
1. She ___________ in
passing the exam.
她成功的通过了
考试。
2. The performance was ____________.
演出很成功。
3.
I
finished
my
training
____________.
我成功地完成了
训练。
2.
语法聚焦：
The number of records he
has sold...
他已售出的唱片的数量
……
the number of
意为
“
……
的数量
”
，
作主语时，
谓语动词要
用单数。
The
number
of
visitors
to
Hong
Kong
has
now
increased.
现在去香港参观的人数已增加。
试一试：辨析
the number
of
与
a number of
In
our
school
library
there
______
a
number
of
books
on
science,
and
in
these
years
the
number
of
them
______
growing larger and larger.
A. are; is
B. is; are
C. have; are
D. has; is
belong to...
属
干
……
，为
……
所拥有
belong to...
为动词短语，
意为
属
于
??????
，
为
< br>??????
所拥有
。
其中
to
是介词，后接名词或人称代词的宾格形
式，但不能
跟物主代词或所有格。
?
This ring belongs to my
mother.
这
戒指是我妈妈的。
?
These books belong to me.<
/p>
这些书是属于我。
注意
belong
to
可以与物主代词或所有格进行句式互换。