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公共管理国外名著选读考点
公共管理国外名著选读考点
名
词
解
释
：
5*4
’
1.
Glass
ceiling exists
over
women
and
minorities
that
allows
them
to
think they can advance into management levels
where in reality
they
are
discriminated
against.
Thus
only
a
disproportionate,
small
percentage of woman and minorities make
it into management roles.
2.
Affirmative
action was created to give certain grouping of
people
preference
over
others
to
compensate
for
past
discrimination
opponents of affirmative action.
3.
Principal
agent
theory: When
individual
are
not
always
informed
adequately, they
have not the technical skills to make decisions
that will serve their best interests.
Others have the competence
and
information to make decision on behalf of the
principal in the
principle's
interests.
4.
Strategic management: is an approach
to managing an
organization that
emphasizes long-term thinking and, as the term
states, managing strategically instead
of reactively or
intuitively.
5.
Public personnel management is
whereby
public agencies
recruit, compensate, and discipline their
employees. The system is normally
characterized by a watchdog
differentiation between the structures
that perform personnel
3
tasks and structures that
protect employee's rights and insulate
the process from politics.
6.
The compliance
audit is the simplest and most common form of
scrutiny
of
p
public
agencies.
An
auditor
checks
whether
financial
transactions undertaken by a public
agency comply with relevant
financial
laws and regulations.
7.
A
balance
budget would
be
one
in
which
revenues
and
expenditures
for the coming year are equal, without
the need to borrow to make
up for a
deficit or funds shortfall.
8.
EEO: Equal
employment opportunity was intend to create a
level
playing
field
by
giving
everyone
and
equal
chance
at
education
and
employment.
9.
Strategic
planning is
the
all
important
first
step
in
strategic
management. It
identify the effects of current decision on future
operation.
10.
Leadership:
The
action
of
who,
whether
elected,
appointed,
or
emerging by group
consensus, directs, coordinates, and
supervises
the work of others for the
purpose of accomplishing a given task.
4
简答题
5*6
’
1.
The four
central issues in organization behavior:
（
1
）
Social pressure cause individual group member to
conform.
（
2
）
Educative work teams do
not just
happen, they must be built
and
nurtured.
（
3
）
Making
major
changes
in
a
government
agency
requires
broad
scope
strategies
that
are
similar
to
military
tactics
and
strategies
than
to organization theory.
（
4
）
If
an organization is to be become and remain
effective, its
members must engage in
generative learning, learning that enhance
our capacity to create.
2.
The tenets of classical organization
theory:
（
1
）
Organization exist to accomplish production-
related and
economic goals
（
2
）
there is one best way to organize for production,
and that way
can be found through
systematic, scientific inquiry.
（
3
）
Production
is
maximized
through
specialization
and
division
for
labor.
（
4
）
People
and
organization
act
in
accordance
with
rational
economic
principles.
5
3.
Four
conditions for successful team building:
（
1
）
Interdependence
（
2
）
Leadership
（
3
）
Joint decision
（
4
）
Equal influence
4.
The key
purpose of the budgetary process:
（
1
）
Control over public money and accountability to
public
authority.
（
2
）
Predictability and planning
（
3
）
Relating expenditure to revenue
（
4
）
Varying spending to suit the economy
（
5
）
using the budget as a lever for efficiency.
5.
Four over-arching principles define the
IGR:
6
（
1
）
Constitutional government
（
2
）
Formal federalism
（
3
）
the diversity of government
（
4
）
Pervasive democracy
6.
Measurement for evaluating the
productivity agency:
（
1
）
a
comprehensive set of scrutiny mechanisms designed
to examine
performance and productivity
（
2
）
Detect and expose fraud or lack of compliance with
financial
mandates.
（
3
）
Assesses and evaluate broader issues to do with
program
effectiveness.
7.
Main purposes
of codes of ethics:
（
1
）
Codes
of
ethics
aid
in
the
formation
of
a
professional
consensus.
（
2
）
Codes of ethics provide a point of reference when
a public
administrator is faced with a
dilemma.
（
3
）
Codes of ethics provide a basis for educating
members.
8.
Four models of government that underlie
current public sector
reform proposal:
（
1
）
Market government
7
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