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人教版英语八年级下册
Unit 1
What's the matter?
教材全解及单元测试卷
【教材内容解析】
Section
A
1.
What’s the
matter
? (P. 1)
What?s
the
matter
意为
“
怎么了？出什么事了？
”
，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的
事，
后接
with sb./sth.
表示
“<
/p>
某人
/
某物怎么了
”
，
相当于
What?s
wrong with...
或者
What?s the
trouble with...
。
---
What?s the matter
with my son, doctor?
---Nothing serious, only a slight cold.
2.
I have a
stomachache
. (P. 1)
< br>stomachache
用作名词，
表示
“
胃疼、
腹疼
”
，
是一个复合名词，
含有后缀
ache
的常见复合词还有：
headache
头疼、
toothache
牙疼。
< br>
Mary has a stomachache.
3.
lie
down and
rest
. (P. 2)
(1)
lie down
意为
“
躺下
”
，
lie
用作动词可以表示
“
趟
”
或者
“
位于
”
，还可以表示
“
撒谎
”
。
< br>
She is lying in bed with a bad
cold.
Beijing lies in the north of
China.
It is a bad habit to lie.
【拓展】
lie
及
lay<
/p>
一词多义
lie
（躺、位于）
—
lay
（过去式）<
/p>
—
lain
（过去分词）
-lying
（现在分词）
lie
（撒谎）
—
lied
（过去式）
—
lied
（
过去分词）
-lying
（现在分词）
lay
（放置、下蛋）
—
laid
（过去式）
—
la
id
（过去分词）
-laying
（现
在分词）
(2)
< br>rest
此处用作动词，
表示
“
休息
”
，
re
st
也可以用作名词，
表示
“
休息
”
，
常用的短语为
take/have a rest“
休
息
”
。
Let?s stop working and have a
rest.
4.
take your temperature
(P. 2)
第
1
页
共
1
页
take one?s temperature
意为
“
量体温
”
。
Please take your temperature
first.
5.
Maybe
you have a fever...(P.
2)
maybe
作副词，表示
“
可能、也许
”
，常常放在句首，相当于
perhaps
，可以与
may
be
相互转换。
Maybe he
is a foreigner.
=He may be a foreigner.
6.
You
need
to take breaks away
from the computer.
(P. 2)
ne
ed
作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形
；作实义
动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
You needn?t go to the meeting too
early.
We need three more
workers.
He doesn?t need to worry too
much.
7.
Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for
too long
without
moving. (P.
2)
without
用作介词，表示
“
无、没有
”
，后接名词、代词或者动
名词，反义词是
with
。
They left without saying goodbye.
8.
If
your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to
a doctor. (P. 2)
本句是含有
if
引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，
主句含有情态动词，
if
引导的条件状语从句用一般
现在时。含有
if
引导的条件状语从句，遵循
“
主将从现
”
的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或主句
为祈
使句、主句含有情态动词）
，
if
引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。
If it rains tomorrow,
I
won?t go to the park.
9.
...when the
driver
saw
an old man
lying
on the side of the
road. (P. 3)
see sb. doing
sth.
看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。
I saw her dancing in the park at six
yesterday.
see sb do sth
看到某人做了或经常做某事。
I
often see her dance in the park.
10.
The bus
driver...stopped the bus without
thinking twice
.
(P. 3)
think twice
意为
“
再三考虑、权衡利弊
”
。
You should think
twice before you make the final decision.
< br>【拓展】
think
的相关短语
think about
思考、考虑
think of
想起
think over
仔细考虑
第
2
页
共
2
页
11.
He
got off
and
asked the woman what
happened
. (P. 3)
(1)
get off
意为
“
下车
”
，反义词是
get on“
上车
”
。
Before
getting off the bus, you should take care.
(2)
happen
表示
“
发生
”
的时候，作不及
物动词，常用的结构为：
sth. happens to sb.“
< br>某人发生了某事
”
。
An accident happened to him yesterday
and now he lies in hospital.
12.
Mr. Wang knew
he
had to
act quickly. (P.
3)
have to
表示
“
必须、不得不
”
，强调客观上的必须，
must
侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
We have to walk home because the car
has broken down.
We must study
hard.
13.
He
expected
most
or all of the passengers to get off and
wait
for the next bus. (P.
3)
(1)
expect
的常见用法：
①
expect to do sth.
期待做某事
The fans
are expecting to see the football star.
②
expect sb. to do sth.
期待某人做某事
The man
expects his son to pass the exam successfully.
(2) wait
的常见用法：
①
wait for sb./st
h.“
等待某人或者某事
”
We are waiting for the result of the
exam.
②
wait to
do sth.“
等待做某事
”
All the passengers are waiting to get
on the bus.
③
can?t wait to do
sth.“
迫不及待做某事
”
The children can?t wait to rush out
after the class is over.
14.
But to his surprise, they all
agreed
to go with him. (P.
3)
①
agree with sb.
同意某人
I can?t
agree with you more.
②
agree to sth.
同意某事
Do you agree
to the plan?
③
agree on sth.
在某事上达成一致意见
They
finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④
agree to do sth.
同意做某事
第
3
页
共
3
页
Her parents don?t agree to marry their
daughter to the man.
15.
Thanks
to
Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man
was saved by the doctors in time.
(P.
3)
thanks to
表示
“
多亏、由于
”
，后接名词或者代词，在句中
作原因状语，相当于
because
of
。
Thanks to the
warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.
16.
“
It’s sad that
many people don’t want to help
others
because
they don’t want any
trouble,” says one
passenger. (P. 3)
(1)
本句是
“It
is+
形容词
+that
从句
”
，句中的
it
作形式主语，代替真正的主语
that
从句。
It is important that we should protect
the environment.
(2)
other:
意为
“
别的、其它的
< br>”
，常用来修饰可数名词。
the other:
表示
“
两者中另一个
”
，是特指；
< br>the other
之后也可以加复数名词，特指
“
其它的
”
。
another:
表示
“
三者中另一个
”
。
others:
用作代词，泛指
“<
/p>
其他的人或物
”
是复数概念。
the others:
特指在一个整体中的
“
其余的人或物（全部）
”
。
We study Chinese,
English, Math and other subjects.
There
are three people in the room. One is a girl and
the other two are boys.
You should
think of others.
There are fifty-five
students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and
the others are boys.
17.
Bus No. 26
hit
an
old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)
hi
t
表示
“
撞击、打击
< br>”
，表示
“
打某人某个部位
”
时用
“hit
sb.+
介词（
on, in
）
+the+
身体部位
”
，若打的部
位较硬用
on
，打的部位
较软用
in
。
The man hit the little boy in the face.
18.
The old man
had a heart problem and needed to go to the
hospital
right away
. (P. 3)
right away
意为
“
立刻、马上
”
，相当于
at once
或者
right
now
。
As soon as
he heard the news, he rushed out right away.
Section B
1.
Someone felt
sick
. (P. 5)
sick
用作形容词，
意为
“
< br>生病的、
有病的
”
，
可以作定语或者表语，
而
ill
< br>表示
“
生病的
”
，
只能用作表语。
I
have to look after my sick grandpa.
第
4
页
共
4
页
The old woman is seriously sick/ill.
2.
have problems
breathing
(P. 6)
have
problems (in) doing sth.
意为
“<
/p>
做某事有问题
”
，相当于
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing
sth.
。
She has
problems (in) riding a bike.
3.
As
a mountain climber, Aron
is used
totaking risks
. (P. 6)
(1)
as
用作介词，表示
“
作为、身为
”
。
As a student, you
should study hard.
(2)
辨析：
be /get used to doing
sth., used to do sth.
与
be
used to do sth.
be /get used
to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
used to do sth.
be used to
do sth.
His father is used to watching
TV before going to bed.
过去经常做某事
The boy
used to play computer games.
被用来做某事
More and
more wood is used to make paper.
(3)
risk
表示
“
冒
险时
”
，
既可以作名词，
也可以作动词，
作名词常和动词
take
连用，
take a risk“
冒险
”
；
作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。
The fireman took the risk of
losing his life and saved the boy from the burning
building.
=The fireman risked losing
his life and saved the boy from the burning
building.
4.
There were many times when Aron almost
lost his life
because of
accidents. (P. 6)
because
of
意为
“
因为，由于
”
，后跟名词短语。在句中常和
because
引导的原因状语从句连用，不过
because
后
面跟句子。
We can?t go out
because it rains heavily.
=We can?t
go out because of
the heavy rain.
5.
But when his water
ran
out
, he knew that he would have to do
something
to save his
own
life
. (P. 6)
(1)
run out
意为
“
用尽、用完
”
，后接宾语时，需要加上介词
of
。
They
ran out of their money.
(2)
动词不定式短语
to save his own life<
/p>
在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，
用逗
号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。
To learn
Japanese, she went to Japan.
You should
work hard to get good grades.
6.
He was not
ready
to die that day. (P.
6)
第
5
页
共
5
页
①
be/get ready for sth.“
为
……
做准备
”
The students are reviewing lessons to
get ready for the coming final exams.
②
be/get ready to
do
sth.“
准备做某事、乐意做某事
”
The kind girl is ready to help anyone
in trouble.
7. Then, with his left arm,
he bandaged himself
so that
he would not lose
too much
blood.
(P. 6)
(1)
so that
引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与
< br>in order that
互换，从句经常会出现
表示
“
能够的情态动词
”
< br>，如
can, could, may, might, will,
would
等。
We
started early so that we could catch the first
train.
He studies hard so that he could
find a good job in the future.
We used
the computer in order that we might save time.
(2) too
much
用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，
much
too
用来修饰形容词或者副词。
There is too much pollution today.
The doctor asked him to lose weight
because he was much too fat.
8.
After losing
his arm, he wrote a book
calledBetween
a Rock and a Hard Place
.
(P.
6)
called
此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为
“
被称为、被叫作
”
，与
named
同义。
This is a book named/called
Journey to the West
.
The Greens have a daughter named/called
Kate.
9.
This
means being in a difficult situation that you
cannot
seem
to get out of.
(P. 6)
seem
用作系动词，表示
“
似乎、好像
”
，常用的结构有：
seem+adj./to
be/that+
句子。
The
story seems true.
What he said seemed
to be a lie.
It seems that they are
going to pull down the house.
10.
In this book,
Aron tells of the importance of
making
good decisions
, and of being
in
control of
one’s life. (P. 6)
(1)
make a
decision
或者
make decisions
表示
“
做出决定
”
。
They expected you
to make a decision.
(2)
in control of
意为
“<
/p>
控制、管理
”
。
Who is in control of the project?
第
6
页
共
6
页