考研英语二阅读理解真题--.doc

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2019

考研英语二阅读理解真题

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2019

考研英语二阅读理解真题，

考研英语阅读

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Text1

Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger,

guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a

child's growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children

aren't

born knowing how to say

sorry

”

; rather,

they learn

over time that such statements appease parents and friends -

and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally

moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good

thing.

In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad

rap. It is deeply unfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of

wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this

understanding is outdated.

or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can

serve,

University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a

larger recognition

that

emotions aren't

binary -feelings that

may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.

Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us

to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be

destructive.

And

guilt,

by prompting

us to think

more deeply about our

goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix

relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a

cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.

Viewed

in

this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina

Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,

suggests that guilt may pensate for an emotional deficiency.

In a number of studies,

Malti

and others

have shown that

guilt

and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation

and sharing Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for

that shorfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in

their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can

substitute for low guilt.

In a xx study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children

Using caregiver assessments and the children's

self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy

level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after

moral transgressions.

Then the kids were handed chocolate

coins,

For

and given

a chance to

shared them with an anonymous child.

the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn

on how inclined

they were to feel

guilty.

The guilt-prone

ones

shared more, even though they hadn't magically bee more

sympathetic to the other child's deprivation

because we caused harm and we feel regret,

”

英语二阅读题

chers

think

that

guit

can be a good thing

it may help____

A)

foster a child`s moral development

B)

regulate a child`s basic emontions

C)

improve a child`s intellectual ability

D)

intensity a child`s positive feelings

g to paragraph 2, many people still

consider guilt to be____

A)

inexcusable

B)

deception

C)

addictive

D)

burdensome

hold that the rethinking about guilt es from

an awareness that

A)emotions air context- independent

B)an emotion can playopposing roles

because

C)emotion are socially constructive

D)emotional stability can benefit health

Text 2

Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder

challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we

humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon

dioxide

we produce,

we are threatening

their

ability to

do so.

The climate

change we are hastening could

one day leave

us with

forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.

Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap

—

but it

involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish

as valuable

reducing

their

capacity

to sequester carbon

now. California

leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in

figuring out the details.

is

The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double

efforts

to

thin

out

young trees

and clear

brush

in

parts

of

the

forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily

lowers carbon-carrying

capacity.

But the remaining

trees draw

a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and

thrive,

restoring the forest's

capacity

to

pull

carbon from the

air. Healthy trees

are also better

able

to

fend off

bark beetles.

The landscape is rendered less bustible. Even in the event of

a fire, fewer trees are consumed.

The

need for

such planning

is increasingly

urgent.

Already,

since

xx,

drought

and beetles have killed

more than 100 million

trees in California, most of them in xx alone, and wildfires

have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.

California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of

forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030

—

financed from the

auctions.

That's

only

proceeds

of the

state's

emissions-permit

a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an

estimated half

a million acres

in all,

so it

will

be important

to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.

The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody

material removed from the forests is locked away in the form

of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would

otherwise run on fossil

fuels,

or used in

post or

animal

feed.

New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the

state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest

lands.

In

future

the state proposes to

take an inventory

of its

forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.

State

governments are well austomed

to managing forests,

including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but

traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and

opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they e to see the vital

part forests will have to play in storing carbon.

California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the

governor early next year, should serve as a model.

26.

“

One of the harder challenges

”

implies ___

A. global climate change may get out of control

B. forests may bee a potential threat

C. people may misunderstand global warming

D. extreme weather conditions may arise

27.

To maintain

forests

as valuable

need to _

ve diversity of species

B. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity

C. aelerate the growth of young trees

D. strike a balance among different plants

rnia's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___

A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.

B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.

C. find more effective ways to kill insects

D. reduce the density of some of its forests

we may

29.

5?

What is essential

to California's

plan aording to para.

A. To obtain enough financial support

B. To carry it out before 2020

C. To handle the areas in the serious danger first

D. To perfect the emission-permit auctions

author's attitude

toward California's plan

can be

best described as ____

A.

supportive

B.

ambiguous

C.

tolerant

D.

cautious

Text 3

American

farmers have been plaining

of labor

shortages for

several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal

immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job

market, the plaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul

of immigration rules for farm workers.

Efforts to create a more straightforward

agricultural- workers

visa that

would enable foreign

workers to

have

stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within

the industry

so far failed in Congress. If this doesn

’

t change, American

businesses, munities and consumers will be the losers.

Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented

immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the

characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.

Today

’

s farm laborers,

are

more likely

while

still

predominantly

born in

Mexico,

and more

to

be settled,

rather

than

migrating,

likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the

start

of this century,

about one-third

of crop workers were over

the

age of

35.

Now, more than half

are.

And crop picking

is

hard

on older bodies.

One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as

implausible

as it

has been all

along:

Native

U.S. workers

won

’

t be returning to the farm.

In a study published in xx, economist Michael Clemens

analyzed

15 years of data on North Carolina

’

s farm-labor

and concluded,

“

There is virtually

farm laborers

market

no supply of

native

manual

”

in

the

state.

This was true

even in

the

depths

of a severe recession.

Mechanization

is

not the

answer either

—

not

yet

at

least.

soybeans and wheat have been

labor-intensive

crops,

Production

of

corn,

cotton,

rice,

largely

mechanized,

but manyhigh- value,