行政英语

Public and non-profit organizations must be flexible and must be able to adapt to the needs of society

.

6

志愿人员已经成为公共和非营利组织不可分割的一部分。

V

olunteers have become an integral part of the pubic and non-profit organizations.

7

民众对政府的行为知之不多，因此，大众传媒能够提高民众监督政府动作的能力。

People know little about the Government's actions, therefore, the mass media can increase the capacity

of citizens monitor government actions.

8

人们普遍认为腐败是阻碍发展的最大障碍之一。最新数据表明，腐败现象与重大经济成就相左。

It is widely believe that corruption is one of the biggest obstacles that hinder development. The latest data

show that corruption at odds with the major economic achievements.

9

政体在不同国家可分为国家制、君主立宪制、宪法制、人民代表制。

Form

of

government

in

different

countries

can

be

divided

into

the

national

system,

cons

titutional

monarchy

, constitutional system, people'

s

representation.

10

公务员的任命和提升， 其原则是任人唯贤，而不是依据政党关系或对党派的贡献。

Appointment

and

promotion

of

civil

servants,

its

principle

is

based

on

merit

and

fitness

rather

than

political partisanship.

11

制定规章并使之生效得政府的重要职责。

Formulate rules and regulations and entry into force was an important duty of the government.

12

当几个政府机构提供完全相同的 服务时，市民就可以自由选择去哪个机构接受这种服务，机构间的竞争

会减少腐败。

When

several

government

agencies

provide

the

same

services,

the

public

can

freely

choose

which

agency to go to receive this service, inter-agency competition will reduce corruption. < /p>

13

电子政务已经成为一种时尚。该术语本身常常被作为现代、高 效、透明、公共参与以及客户至上的政务

代名词。

E-government

has

become

a

trend.

The

term

itself

is

often

used as

a modern,

efficient,

transparent,

public participation, and customer-focused government synonymous.

14

公共部门必须经常在强大的公众 审视之下开展高效率的工作。

The public sector must always carry

out

the high- efficiency work under the strong public

?

s Supervision

15

公共部门的听众会和要求“信息 自由”为决策制定提供必要的途径，但这些程序通常会妨碍实效、效率

和生产力。

The audience meeting of public sector and the request of

way for decision-making , but these procedures often hinder the effectiveness, efficiency and productivity

.

16

灾 难恢复时期也为社会提供了良机，使之可以充分提高地方管理能力，促进系统建设，提高应急意识，

改进政治机制，有利于灾后经济、社会和物质的发展。换句话说，就是建设一个可持续发展的社会。< /p>

Disaster recovery period provides an opportunity for the community

, so that it can

fully enhance local

management

capacity

,

promote

the

system

construction,

improve

emergency

response

awareness,

improve the political system is benefit to post-disaster economic, social and physical development. In

other words, is to build a sustainable society

.

三

英译汉

1 Public administration ,like many human endeavors , is difficult to define .Nonetheless , we all have a sense of

what it is ,though we may disagree profoundly about how it should be carried out.

公共行政就像很多人们的努力一样是难以界定的。尽管如此，我们都有一种它 是什么的的感觉，虽然我们

不能深切的了解它该如何运行。

2

First

,constitutions fragment

power

and

control

over public

administration .

The

separation

of powers places

public administration under three

“

masters

”

.

首先，宪法的部分权利和对公共 管理的控制。公共行政被三分权力。

3 human resources management

人力资源管理

4 Congress has also

enacted

a large body of administrative law to regulate administrative procedures ,including

rule making , open meetings , public participation , and the gathering and release of information .

美国国会还颁布了大量的行政法，以规范行政程序，包括 制定规则，公开会议，公众参与，以及收集和公

开信息。

5 The courts often exercise considerable power and control over public administration .They help define

the legal rights and obligations of agencies and those of the individuals and groups upon whom public

administrators act.

法院常常行使相当 大的权力和对公共行政的控制。他们帮助界定合法的权利和义务和那些公共行政作用的

个 人和群体。

6 The separation of powers not only provides each branch with somewhat different authority over public

administration but may also frustrate coordination among them . Basic political science tells us that chief

executives , legislatures , and time constraints.

权利 分立不仅提供了一个某些不同的权利凌驾于公共行政之上的分支而且也会阻碍它们之间的协调。基础

政治学告诉我们行政主体，立法机构和时间的约束。

7

The

government

obligation

to

promote

the

public

interest

distinguishes

public

administration

from

private management . In a moral and basic sense , it must serve

“

a higher purpose.

”

Even though it is

often difficult to say precisely what is in the public interest , there can be no dispute about the obligation

of public administration to consider it as a general guide for their actions.

政府部门有义务促进公共利益区别于私人管理 的公共管理。从一种道德和基本意义上说，它必须达到一个

更高的目标。尽管常常难以准 确的说公共利益里有什么，这里没有关于公共行政义务把它当做他们行为的

普遍指导的争 议。

8

One

way

of

summarizing

this

different

perspective

on

the

public

interest

is

to

think

in

terms

of

externalities ---- or aspects of the productive or service operations of organizations that do not enter into

the

agreement

between

buyer

and

seller .

Pollution

is

a

classic

example

of

an

externality

.

It

is

not

accounted for in the sale of the product that is , it is external to the market.

其中从公共利益的不同角度考虑的 一种总结方式是就外部性而言

----

或生产方面或服务业务的 组织不能进

入买方和卖方之间的协议。污染是一个外部性的典型例子。它不是关于产品销 售，也就是说，它是市场的

外部性。

9 This is partly why it is plausible to hold that

“

public administration is not a kind of technology but a form

of moral endeavor.

”

这是为什么它 似乎可以认为，

“

公共管理不是技术，而是一种道德努力的形式 。

”

10

A

closely

related

distinction

between

public and

private

administration

concerns

the market .

It

is

generally

true

that

public

agencies

do

not

face

free

,

competitive

market

in

which

their services

or

products are sold .For the most part ,the price tags attached to government operations are established

through budgetary routines rather than fixed at the market through free transactions between buyer and

seller .

一 个紧密联系的区别在公共部门和私人部门之间关于市场。这是普遍正确的，公共代理机构在销售它们的