初中名词变复数变化规则

-es

构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读

[iz]

。< /p>

例：

bus

→

buses; fox

→

foxes; match

→

matches;

flash

→

flashes

三、以辅音字母

+y

结尾的名词，将

y

改变为

i< /p>

，再加

-es

。

读音变化：加读

[z]

。

例：

candy

→

candies; fairy

→

fairies; lady

→

ladies;

story

→

stories

1 / 69

四、

以

-f

或

-fe

结尾的名词，

多为将

-f

或

-fe

改变为

-ves

，

但有例外。

读音变化：尾 音

[f]

改读

[vz]

。

例：

< br>knife

→

knives; life

→

lives; leaf

→

leaves;

wife ---wives; half---halves

五、

以< /p>

-o

结尾的名词，

如果不是外来词或缩< /p>

写，就加

-es

，否则加

-s

构成复数。

读音变化：

加读

[z]

。

例：

tomato

< br>→

tomatoes; potato

→

potatoes;

反例：

piano

< br>→

pianos

（

外来词）

; photo

→

photos;

zoo---zoos

真的不掉线

吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？

2 / 69

练习：

1

、

orange

2

、

class

3

、

text

monkey

5

、

piano

6

、

shelf

8

、

bed

country

10

、

family

11

、

toy

13

、

photo

army

15

、

tomato

16

、

fox

17

、

knife

18 map

apple

3 / 69

< br>4

、

9

、

14

、

19

oard

r

45.I

真的不掉线

吗？？、？？？？？？？ ？？？？？

4 / 69

2005

年全国各地高考完型填空语篇荟萃

[

编者按

]

在 李阳的“疯狂英语”的感召下，同

学们学习英语的积极性很高。我们精心收集

年全国各地高考完形填空语篇并加以简要

分析，

让同学们好好地消化吸收，

或朗读或背诵。

希望同学们分四步走，第一步，快速阅读，迅速

把握文章的文体类别，

中心大意及篇章结构；

第

二步，仔细精读，落 实文章中的关键词汇，疑难

句子及重要语法点，做好笔记，归类总结；第三

步，回头研读，展开联想，学会自己命题，考查

自己运用英语的能力；第四步 ，反复朗读，培养

语感。

相信同学们照此努力，

定会收获意想不到

的效果！

【全国

II

】

One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite

table in a restaurant, waiting for the food I had

ordered to arrive. Suddenly I noticed that a

5 / 69

man sitting at a table near the window kept

glancing in my direction, as if he knew me. The

man had a newspaper open in front of him,

which he was

pretending to read, but I

could see that he was keeping an eye on me.

when the waiter brought my food, the man was

clearly puzzled (

困惑

) by the bill way in which

the waiter and I chatted with each other . He

seemed even more puzzled as time went on

and it became clear that all the waiters in the

restaurant knew me. Finally he got up and

went into the kitchen. When he came out, he

paid his bill and left without another glance in

my direction.

I called the owner of the restaurant and

asked what the man had wanted.

“

Well,

”

he

said ,

“

that man was a detective (

侦探

) . He

followed you here because he though you

were the man he

was looking for .

”

“

What ?

”

I said , showing my surprise . The

6 / 69

owner continued,

“

He came into the kitchen

and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I

must say he looked very much like you! Of

course, since we know you, we told him that he

had made a mistake.

”

“

Well, it

’

s really

lucky, I came to a restaurant where I

’

m

known,

”

I said.

“

Otherwise, I might have been

in trouble.

”

析：记叙文，作者在一家餐馆遭遇被盯梢，

险些陷入麻烦。

【北京】

Dear Laura,

I just heard you tell an old story of gift

giving and unselfish love in your program. You

doubted that such unselfish love would happen

in today

’

s world. Well, I

’

m here to give you

7 / 69

hope.

I wanted to do something very special for

my fifteen-year-old son, who has always been

the perfect child. He worked all summer to

earn enough money to buy a used motorcycle.

Then, he spent hours and hours on it until it

looked almost new. I was so proud of him that I

bought him the shiniest helmet and a riding

outfit.

I could hardly wait for him to open up his

gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before.

Upon a wakening, I went to the kitchen to start

the coffee, tea, and morning goodies. In the

living room was a beautiful keyboard with a

note:

”

To my wonderful mother, all my love,

your son.

”

I was so astonished. It had been a

8 / 69

log-standing joke in our family that I wanted a

piano so that I could take lessons.

“

Learn to

play the piano, and I

’

ll get you one

”

was my

husband

’

s

response.

I stood there shocked, crying a river,

asking myself how my son could afford this

expensive gift.

真的不掉线

吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？

Of course, the house awoke, and my son

was thrilled

（激动的）

with my reaction. Many

kisses were exchanged, and I immediately

wanted him to open my gift.

AS he saw the helmet and outfit, the look

on his face was not exactly what I was

expecting. Then I realized that he has sold the

9 / 69

motorcycle to get me the keyboard.

Of course I was the proudest mother ever

on that day, and my feet never hit the ground

for a month.

So I wanted you to know, that kind of love

still exists and lives even in the ever-changing

world of me, me, me!

I thought you

’

d love to share this story.

Yours,

Hilary

P.S. The next day, my husband and I

bought him a new

“

used

”

already shiny

motorcycle.

10 / 69

析：

记叙文，

通过自己亲身 经历让

Laura

感

到无私的爱存在于 现实中。

【安徽】

I did very badly at school. My headmaster

thought I was useless and when I was 14 he

said,

“

You

’

re never going to be anything but a

failure.

”

After five years of poor jobs, I fell in love

with a very nice middle-class girl. It was the

beat

thing that could have happened to me.

I decided I wanted-to do something positive (

积

极地

) with my life because I wanted to prove to

her that what people said about me was

wrong . Especially her mother, who had said to

me,

“

Let

’

s face it, you

’

ve failed at everything

you

’

ve ever done.

”

So I tried hard with my

writing and went to college. My first novel (

小说

)

11 / 69

came out

while I was at college.

After college I taught during the day in

high schools and attended evening classes at

London University, where I got a degree in

history. I became a lecturer at a college and

was thinking of

giving up that job to write full

time when I was offered a part-time job at

Leeds University. I began to feel proud of

myself

—

here was a working-.class boy

who

’

d left school early, now teaching at the

university

My writing career (

职业

) took off when I

discovered my own style. Now I

’

m rich and

famous, have been on TV, and met lots of film

stars. But what does it mean? I just wish all the

people that have put me down had said:

“

I

believe in you. You

’

ll succeed.

”

12 / 69

析：记叙文。作者面对冷嘲热讽没有屈服，

努力拼搏得以成功。

【福建】

A lady and her husband stepped off the

train in Boston. They walked without an

appointment

（预约）

in to the outer office of

Harvard

’

s president. But they were stopped by

his secretary and kept waiting. For hours, the

secretary took no notice of them, hoping that

the couple would finally bee disappointed and

go away. But they didn

’

t. The secretary finally

decided to disturb the president, though

unwillingly.

A few minutes later, the president walked

towards the couple with a cold face. The lady

told him,

“

We had a son that attended Harvard

for one year. He loved Harvard. He was happy

13 / 69

here. But about a year ago, he was

accidentally killed. My husband and I would

like to set up a memorial

（纪念物）

to him,

somewhere on campus.

”

The president wasn

’

t moved. Instead, he

was shocked.

“

Madam,

”

he said,

“

we can

’

t

put up a statue for every person who studied at

Harvard and died. If we did, this

place would

look like a

真的不掉线

吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？

cemetery

（墓地）

,

”

“

Oh, no,

”

the lady

explained quickly.

“

We don

’

t want to put up a

statue. We would like to give a building to

Harvard.

”

The president rolled his eyes and

glanced at the couple and then exclaimed,

”

A

building! Do you have any idea how much a

building costs? We have spent over

＄

7,500,000 on the campus building at

Harvard.

”

For a moment the lady was silent.

14 / 69

The president was pleased, because he could

get rid of them now. Then the lady turned to

her husband and said quietly,

“

Is that all it

costs to start a university? Why don

’

t we just

start our own?

”

Her husband nodded. Since

their offer was turned down. Mr. and Mrs.

Stanford traveled to California where they

founded the University that bears their name, a

memorial to a son that Harvard no longer

cared about.

析：

记叙文，

一对夫妇请求哈佛大学建一座

建筑物 纪念亡子遭拒绝后得到启发，

创建了以他

们名字命名的斯坦福大 学

【广东】

Some myths are stories told since ancient

times to explain the causes for natural

happenings. The Greek myth that explains

15 / 69

why there are changes of seasons is about

Demeter, the goddess of the harvest. She had

a daughter, Persephone, whom she loved very

much. Hades, god of the underworld, fell in

love with Persephone, and he asked Zeus, the

ruler of the gods, to give Persephone to him as

his wife. Zeus did not want either to disappoint

Hades or to upset Demeter, so he said he

would not agree to the marriage, but neither

would he forbid it. Hades, therefore, decided to

take the girl without permission. When

Persephone was picking flowers in the garden,

he seized her and took her to the underworld.

When Demeter found out what happened to

Persephone, she became so angry that she

caused all plants to stop growing People were

in danger of starving. But Demeter was

determined not to let crops grow until her

daughter, Persephone, was returned to her.

Zeus, still not wanting to disappoint Hades,

decided upon a condition for Persephone's

return. She could go back to her mother if she

16 / 69

had not eaten anything while she was in the

underworld. Demeter accepted it because she

did not know that Persephone had eaten

several pomegranate (

石榴

) seeds in the

underworld. When Zeus discovered this, he

agreed that Persephone could spend part of

the year with her mother, but he added that

since she had eaten the seeds, she must

spend part of the year in the underworld. And

so it happens that when Persephone is in the

underworld, Demeter is sad and therefore will

not let the crops grow. That is why we have

winter when plants do not grow. When

Persephone returns, Demeter is happy, it is

spring, and plants begin to grow again.

析：

记叙文，

有关季节变化和作物生长之间

的关系的希腊神话故 事。

【湖北】

17 / 69

You are near the front line of a

battle .Around you shells are exploding; people

are shooting from a house behind you .What

are you doing there? You aren

’

t a soldier .You

aren

’

t even carrying a gun .You

’

re standing in

front of a camera and you

’

re telling the TV

viewers what is

真的不掉线

吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？

happening.

It

’

s all in a day

’

s work for a war

reporter ,and it can be very dangerous .In the

first two years of the war in former Yugoslavia

（前南斯拉夫）

,28 reporters and

photographers were killed .Hundreds more

were injured. What kind of people put

themselves in danger to bring

pictures to

our TV screens and stories to our newspapers?

Why do they do it?

18 / 69

“

I think it

’

s every young journalist

’

s dream

to be a foreign reporter,

”

says Michael

Nicholson,

“

that< /p>

’

s where you find the

excitement .So when the first opportunity es;

you take it even if it is a war.

”

But there are moments of fear. Jeremy

Bowen says,

“

Yes ,when you

’

re lying on the

ground and bullets

（子弹）

are flying past your

ears ,you think:

‘

What am I doing here? I

’

m

not going to do this again.

’

But that feeling

goes after a while and when the next war

starts , you

’

ll be

there .

”

“

None of us believes that we

’

re going to

die ,

”

adds Michael .But he always carries a

lucky charm

（护身符）

with him .It was given to

him by his wife for his first war .It

’

s a card

which says

“

Take care of yourself.

”

Does he

ever think about dying?

“

Oh, many times ,and

every time it happens you look to the sky and

19 / 69

say to God,

‘

If you get me out of this ,I promise

I

’

ll never do it again.

’

You can almost hear

God laughing ,because you know he doesn

’

t

believe you .

”

析：

议论文，

经历战争和死神考验的战地记

者的追求和责任感。

【湖南】

When I was thirteen, my family moved

from Boston to Tucson, Arizona. Before the

move, my father gathered us in the living-room

on a freezing January night. My sisters and I

sat around the fire, not realizing that the

universe would suddenly change its course.

May, we're moving to Arizona.

The words, so small, didn't seem big

enough to hold my new life. But the world

20 / 69

changed and I awoke on a tram moving across

the country. I watched the sense change from

green trees to flat dusty plains to high

mountains as I saw strange new plants that

suggested mysteries(

奥秘

) yet to e. Finally, we

arrived and settled into own new home.

While my older sisters were sad at the

loss of friends, I eagerly explored(

探索

) our

new surroundings.

One afternoon, I was out exploring as

usual and saw a new kind of cactus(

仙人掌

). I

crouched (

蹲

) down for a closer look.

better not touch hat.

I turned around to see an old woman

explained that I was, in fact , new to the entire

21 / 69

state.

used to life in the desert ? It must be quite a

shock after living in Boston.

How could I explain how I found the

desert? I couldn't seem to find the right words.

真的不掉线

吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？

“

That

vastness when you stand on the mountains

overlooking the desert -- you can sense how

little you are in parison with the world.

Meanwhile, you feel that the possibilities are

limitless.

”

22 / 69

That was it. That was the feeling I'd bad

ever since I'd first seen the mountains of my

new home. Again, my life would change with

just a few simple words.

tomorrow? Someone should teach you which

plant you should and shouldn't touch.

析：

议论文，

作者搬家初到沙漠环境的好奇

与茫然，老太 太寥寥话语改变了他的生活。

【江苏】

On May 27, 1995, our life was suddenly

changed. It happened a few minutes past three,

when

my husband, Chris, fell from his horse

as it jumped over a fence. Chris was paralyzed

(

瘫痪

) from the chest down, unable to breathe

normally. As he was thrown from his horse, we

23 / 69

entered into a life of convenience with lots of

unexpected challenges(

挑战

). We went from

the

“

have- nots

thought.

Yet what we discovered later were all the

gifts that came out of sharing difficulties. We

came to learn that something wonderful could

happen in a disaster. All over the world people

cared for Chris so much that letters and

postcards poured in every day. By the end of

the third week in a medical center in Virginia,

about 35,000 pieces of mail had been received

and sorted.

As a family, we opened letter after letter.

They gave us fort and became a source of

strength for us. We used them to encourage

ourselves. I would go to the pile of letters

marked with

to the

24 / 69

people in wheelchairs or even in bed living

happily and successfully.

These letters, we realized, had to be

shared. And so here we offer one of them to

you.

Dear Chris,

My husband and I were so sorry to

hear of your riding accident last week. No

doubt your family and your friends are giving

you the strength to face this difficult challenge.

People everywhere are also giving you best

wishes every day and we are among those

who are keeping you alive.

Yours Sincerely,

25 / 69

Nancy Reagan

析：记叙文，残疾人

Chris

得到社会关爱，

勇敢面对生活。

【江西】

In the summer vacation of 1997, I was

fixed with a job. I worked as a (n) assistant at

Mr. Breen

’

s fruit shop .The fruit shop did good

business. Most of the trade came from the

housewives who lived in the neighborhood, but

he also had regular customers who arrived

outside the shop in cars. Mr. Breen knew them

all by name and they sometimes even had

their order already made up , always getting

me to carry it out to their car . They were

clearly long-standing customers, and I

真的不

掉线吗？？、？？？？？？？？？？？？< /p>

26 / 69

suppose they must have stayed faithful to

him because he had promised to sell good

quality

fruit. He had a way with them

—

I

had to admit that. He called every woman

“

madam

”

for a start , even those who clearly

were not, but when he said it , it did not sound

like flattery (

奉承

). It just sounded polite in an

old-fashioned way. He was a great chatter as

well. If he did not know them, he would greet

them with a few words about the weather, but if

he did, he would ask about their families or

make jokes, always cutting his cloth according

to his customers. Whatever their bills came to ,

be always gave them back the few odd pence

(

零钱

), and I am sure they thought he was very

generous (

慷慨

). But I thought he was the

opposite. He never threw anything away. He

was always looking for something for nothing.

析：

记叙文 ，

作者暑假打工的生活体验和对

社会的真实感受。

27 / 69

【辽宁】

Scott and his panions were terribly

disappointed. When they got to the South Pole,

they found the Norwegians

（挪威人）

had

beaten them in the race to be the first ever to

reach it. After

planting the British flag at the

Pole, they took a photograph of themselves

before they started the 950-mile journey back.

The journey was unexpectedly slow and

the joy and excitement about the Pole had

gone out of them. The sun hardly appeared.

The snow storms always made it impossible to

sight the stones they had set up to mark their

way home. To make things worse, Evans,

whom they had all thought of as the strongest

of the five, fell badly into a deep hole in the ice.

Having struggled along for several days, he

suddenly fell down and died.

28 / 69

The four who were left pushed on at the

best speed they could manage. Captain Oates

had been suffering for some time from his

frozen fact; at night his feet swelled

（肿胀）

so

large that he could hardly put his boots on the

next morning, and he walked bravely although

he was in great

pain . He knew his

slowness was making it less likely that the

others could save themselves. He asked them

to leave him behind in his sleeping-bag, but

they refused, and helped him on a few more

miles, until it was time to put up the tent for

another night.

The following morning, while the other

three were still in their sleeping-bags, he said.

“

I am just going outside and may be gone

some time.

”

He was never seen again. He had

walked out

alone into the snow storm,

hoping that his death would help his panions.

29 / 69

析： 记叙文，在从南极返回的艰难途中，

Oates

牺牲自己帮助同 伴

【山东】

My sister and I grew up in a little village in

England. Our father was a struggling lawyer,

but I always knew he was special. He never

criticized us, but used praise to bring out our

best. He

’

d say,

“

If you pour water on flowers,

they flourish. If you don

’

t give them water, they

die.

”

I

remember as a child I said

something unkind about somebody and my

father said,

“

Any time you say something

unpleasant about somebody else, it

’

s a

reflection of you.

”

He explained that if I looked

for the best in people, I would get the best in

return. From then on I

’

ve always tried to

真的不掉线吗？？、

？？？？？？？？？？？？

30 / 69

follow the principle in my life and later in

running my pany.

Dad

’

s also always been very

understanding. At 15, I started a magazine. It

was taking up

a great deal of my time, and

the headmaster of my school gave me a

choice

：

stay in school or leave to work on my

magazine.

I decided to leave, and Dad tried to sway

me from my decision, as any good father

would.

When he realized I had made up my

mind, he said,

“

Richard, when I was 23, my

dad

persuaded me to go into law.

And I

’

ve

always regretted it. I wanted to be a biologist,

but I didn

’

t pursue my dream. You know what

you want. Go fulfill it.

”

As it turned out, my little publication went

31 / 69

on to bee Student, a national magazine for

young people in the U.K.

My wife and I have

two children, and I

’

d like to think we are

bringing them up in the same way Dad raised

me.

析：

记叙文，

教子有方的父亲尊重孩子的选

择，鼓励孩子成才。

【天津】

Having left the town, the girl stopped the

car at the landing near the entrance of the bay

(

海湾

)She stepped into the boat and rowed out

silently. The tide was rushing to the entrance

and beyond to the wild open sea. She had to

row across the bay to reach the other side. The

waves struck against the side of the boat,

rough and uneven; it became more difficult to

row. If she rested for a moment, the tide would

32 / 69

push the boat back towards the entrance.

She wasn't even halfway, but she was

already tired and her hands hurt from pulling

on the rough wooden oars (

船桨

).

going to make it, she thought. She rested the

oars on her knees and dropped her head

helplessly, then looked up as she felt the boat

shift(

晃动

) against the tide.

The east wind , which had swung(

旋转

)

around from the south-west, came to her help

and pushed the boat towards the mountains. It

was going to be all right. Her hands weren't so

painful. Her chest didn

’

t feel as if it was about

to burst any more.

The lights of the town became smaller.

One of the oars banged against the side of the

boat and she seized it with a start. Had she

33 / 69

been asleep, or just dreaming? She looked

over her shoulder. She was almost on the

beach. The girl gave one last pull on the oars

to ground the boat, and then lay back against

the seat. She listened to the waves happily

and knew she had e home. Far across the

moonlit bay the lights were no more than a

sparkling chain.

析：记叙文，女孩划船渡 海回家，感到劳累

无助时，东风助她安全上岸。

【浙江】

It was raining. I went into a caf

é

and asked

for a coffee. While I was waiting for my drink, I

realized that there were other people in the

place, but I sensed loneliness. I saw their

bodies, but I couldn't feel their souls because

their souls belonged to the .

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