英国文学发展史及每个阶段的特点 中英对照

在简

?

奥斯丁的艺术中 有些东

西是具有永恒价值的。

”

⑩就总 体而言，

18

世纪的小说家大都从英国的现实社会中摄取创作素 材，展示了

一幅幅生动逼真的生活画面，塑造了一个个有血有肉的人物形象。通过他们的 大胆探索与实践，英国小说

不仅更加生机勃勃，而且在艺术上也日趋成熟。

The 18th century, realism novel is developing rapidly. At that time, Britain's

various literary works, but the novel usually considered main collect object. There is no doubt that this will

lead to the reading of this century publishing in a dramatic increase in the number of novel.

literary have sprung up Jonathan Swift, Jonathan Swift, (1667-1745), Henry Fielding (Henry Fielding,

1707-1745), Lawrence, stern (Laurence Sterne, 1713-1768) and Jane Austen (like some more Austen,

between1775-1817) excellent writers. As a kind of vivid, reflect the social life of the literary style, the

novel in the British people daily life is playing a positive role, its status and influence the first time

exceeded the poetry and drama. Meanwhile Britain's novel art also matures.

terminology used until the eighteenth century is truly established.

but again thought-provoking Gulliver's Travels (Gulliver 's transportation, 1726) to current debates, taunt

reality, pioneered the English novels of satire precedent. Fielding created a series of reflecting the social

life of the novel is reflected not only a skilled entire layout ability, but also reflect his epic art of traditional

skillfully. Fielding both imitate classical epic narratives, and deliberately changing epic usually has the

seriousness and tragedy color, in its impermeability abound in the novel sometimes hilarious ingredients,

thus makes its novel become the so-called

as old legendary novels a break.

undoubtedly the 18th century English novels most outstanding GeXinGu. When English novels was just

like a tree green seedling yearning to caress, stern seems to have the existing mode of novel feel

dissatisfied. He boldly for the novel form made major reform. In the study DiChuan

1759-266), he first broke traditional novels of the frame structure, abandon to clock time and order of

creation methods, with a kind of brand-new novel text to describe the master's inner world. Self-evident,

stern literary experiment for the English novel, artistic added new vitality, and makes the novel form

further toward diversity and flexibility, the direction. Be worth what carry is, in the 18th century England's

literary also appeared a outstanding writer Jane Austen. Her novels in quality and contemporary any

male writers are no less than. She is not only good at using irony gimmick and witty dialogue to behave

theme, and still can skillfully USES a small amount of characters and limited geographical background to

show wide life picture.

⑩

overall, the 18th century

novelist mostly from Britain's realistic society intake, showing the creation material plenties vividly lifelike

life picture, shaping a vivid images. Through their bold exploration and practice, the English novels not

only more vibrant, and on art also matures.

19

世纪，英国 小说步入了繁荣昌盛的时代，其艺术形式和创作手法也得到了进一步的巩固与发展。

19

世

纪初，随着浪漫主义文学思潮席卷整个欧洲大陆，英国文坛出 现了一批优秀的历史小说和冒险小说，其代

表人物是沃尔特

?< /p>

司格特（

Walter Scott, 1771-1832

）。他一生创作了三十多部长篇小说，塑造了形形色色

的人物。展示 了波澜壮阔的历史画卷。尽管司格特对小说艺术革新的贡献十分有限，且被当今不少学者视

为一名过时的

“

历史人物

”

，但他洋洋洒洒的历史小说和传奇作品已经成为英国文坛的一个不可忽略的文学

< br>景观，并且在一定程度上提高了英国小说的地位，使之变得更加体面，更加可敬。

The 19th century, English novels stepping into a prosperous era, its artistic form and creation technique

also has been further consolidated and developed. In the early nineteenth century, with romantic literary

trend across the European continent, English literary arena appeared a number of outstanding historical

novels and adventure stories, and its representative character is Walter Scott (Walter Scott, 1771-1832).

He composed during more than thirty novels, shaping a diverse group of characters. Display the

mammoth history painting. Although Scott of novel artistic innovation contribution is very limited, and

many scholars as a current outdated

and legendary England's literary works has become one of the literature should not be neglected in

landscape, and to the extent of the English novel improved position, make it more decent, more

respectable.

自

19

世纪 中叶起，英国小说在查尔斯

?

狄更斯（

Charles Dickens, 1812-1870

）等优秀作家的共同努力下，

呈现出空间繁荣的景象。据史料记载，从

1837

年到

1900

年，大约有六万部供成人或青少年阅读 的小说在

英国各地出版。也许有七千个维多利亚时代的人有理由自称为小说家。当然，在 艺术上取得成就并且载入

史册的人为数不多。狄更斯和萨克雷（

William M. Thackeray, 1811-1863

）在小说的情节安 排和语言艺术

方面均体现出很高的造诣，使长篇小说更具可读性和趣味性。勃朗特姐妹（

Charlotte Bronte, 1816-1855;

Emily Bronte, 1819-1848

）对人物形 象的刻画有独到之处，而乔治

?

艾略特（

George Eliot, 1819-1880

）则

将人 物的心理现实描绘得淋漓尽致。

19

世纪下半叶是英国殖民主义 统治由盛转衰的时期，也是英国社会矛

盾重重，政局动荡、道德沉沦、贫富冲突严重以及 劳资纠纷加剧的时期。所有这些自然在小说中得到了充

分的反映。狄更斯与其同时代的作 家参及后来的托马斯

?

哈代（

Thom as Hardy, 1840-1928

）怀

着强烈的

社会责任感，以现实主义为创作原则，对英国社会的种种弊端和邪恶 进行了无情的暴露。这便是长达半个

世纪之久的批判现实主义。应当指出，

19

世纪的现实主义小说不仅在题材上具有极强的现实性，而且在人

物塑造方面也体现了平民化的倾向。通常，

19

世纪的现实主义小说在时间与空间上遵循唯理主义的原则，

在故事情节上注重趣味性与可 读性，并且在形式结构上讲究精裁密缝，严谨合理。就此而言，

19

世纪的现

实主义小说不仅代表了

16

世纪末以来英国小说艺术的精华，

而且也是历代小说家集体智慧的结晶。

马克思

曾对狄更斯等现实主义作家给予高度的评价：

“

他们以明白晓畅和极为动人的描写向世界提示了政治的和社

会 的真理，比起所有的政治家、理论家和道德家合起来所做的还要多。

”

< br>⑾

Since the mid 19th century onwards, the English novel by Charles Dickens (Charles in 1812-1870) can,

such as the joint efforts of excellent writers, showing a space booming. According to historical records,

from 1837 to 1900, some 60,000 department for adult or teens reading novels across Britain was

published. Maybe 7,000 Victorian man have reason to self- styled novelist. Of course, in art

accomplishment and demonstration for the few people. Dickens and SaKeLei (William Thackeray, m.

1811-1863) in the plot of the novel arrangement and language arts are embodied in high attainments,

make full-length novels readability and interesting. Charlotte Bronte sister (family, 1816-1855;'s family,

1819 -- 1848) on the figures depicting are unique, and George Eliot (George was, 1819-1880) will

character's psychological realistic depiction incisively and vividly. The 19th century British colonial rule is

to rags period, also is British social contradictions, and political unrest, moral destruction, rich and poor

conflict seriously and labor disputes aggravate period. All these natural in novels have been fully

reflected. Dickens and contemporary writer participation and later the Thomas Hardy (1840 Thomas as,