book3 Unit 8听力答案与文本

Unit 8

Part Two

Listening I

Although twins have always been a source of curiosity, they are not so uncommon statistically,

since they occur once in every 86 births.

About one third of all twins are identical, or single- egg twins. Identical twins have the same genes

and, hence, the same sex, hair, eyes, blood type, and bone and tooth structure. Some identical

twins are mirror images of each other. For example, one may be left-handed, the other

right-handed. As young children, some identical twins may develop their own private language.

Identical twins have an especially keen intuition, and they often seem to think and dress alike even

when away from each other. In fact, even when they are separated at birth and raised apart,

identical twins develop surprising similarities. They may pursue the same careers, have the same

interests, or die within days of each other.

In contrast to identical twins, fraternal twins inherit a separate set of genes and are not necessarily

of the same sex.

Exercise 1

1.F

2.F

3. T

4. F

5. T

Exercise 2

1.

genes

2.

sex

3.

blood

4.

tooth

5.

mirror

6.

left-handed

7.

right-handed

8.

language

9. young

10. alike

11. separated

12. apart

13. careers

14. interests

Listening II

When Robert Jones, 19, went to college this fall, he was surprised that so many of his classmates

called him

friend of Gallant's discovered they had the same birth date. Both Robert and Edward were adopted.

When they talked with each other, they discovered that they were identical twins separated shortly

after birth. In fact, they were wrong: They were triplets. After newspapers published their pictures,

Edward's mother got a call from David Kellman.

believe I'm the third.

As

mother on July 12, 1976. They were adopted by three different couples, none of whom was told

their new son had brothers. The reunion of the three boys after 19 years was a big surprise for

everyone in all the families.

Relatives say their resemblance extends well beyond their looks. All three like active sports and

have similar tastes in rock music and girlfriends. All three are extroverts who have similar

gestures. They talk in the same way, they have the same laugh, they hold their cigarettes in the

same way, and all three smoke the same brand of cigarette.

Questions:

1. What surprised Robert Jones when he went to college?

2. Who found the clue to the relationship between Robert Jones and Edward Gallant?

3. How did David Kellman get to know his origins?

4. Which of the following statements is true about Robert Jones, Edward Gallant and David

Kellman?

Exercise 1

1. B

2. D

3. A

4. D

Exercise 2

1.

4. 6. 8. 10. 11. 12

Part Three

More Listening

Practice One

Michael Phelps stands six feet four inches (193 centimeters) and weighs 195 pounds (88.5

kilograms), with the broad shoulders and slim waist common to the elite swimmer.

But consider his body measurements a little closer and it becomes clearer why Phelps is

dominating these Olympic Games.

He has an extended trunk and relatively short legs, a distinct advantage in the water. The inseam

of his pants is reportedly 32 inches (81 centimeters), shorter than that of Hicham El Guerrouj, the

great Moroccan runner, who is five feet nine inches (175 centimeters) but all legs.

Phelps has double-jointed elbows, knees, and ankles, which allows him to bend himself like few

swimmers can. His size-14 (European size-48.5) feet are like giant fins.

Add to that the extraordinary work rate of his lungs and heart, and Phelps appears almost

superhuman

—

a different species from the rest of us.

Of course, he trains extraordinarily hard. But so do others. To be an Olympic champion, a person's

genes must first be preset for maximal athletic performance. After all, great athletes are born, then

made better.

Sparling, who is a professor of applied physiology at the Georgia Institute of Technology in

Atlanta.

world-class level unless he or she has inherited a supercharged physiological system for the sport.

Exercise 1

3. 6. 9

Exercise 2

1. six

2. four

3. 195

4. broad

5. slim

6. extended

7. short

8. elbows

9. knees

10. size-14

11. lungs

12. heart

Practice Two

(

Summerhill is a famous experimental boarding school that was founded in 1921. Here the

founder, A. S. Neill talks about his ideas about the founding and running of the school.

)

Our aims of the school:

When my wife and I began the school, we had one main idea: to make the school fit the

child

—

instead of making the child fit the school.

I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all

wrong. It was because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how

he should learn. The other way dated from the days when psychology was still an unknown

science.

Our view on education:

Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children the freedom to be themselves.

In order to do this, we had to renounce all discipline, all direction, all suggestion, all moral

training, and all religious instruction. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage.

All it required was what we had

—

a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being. For

over forty years, this belief in the goodness of the child has never changed; it rather has become a

final faith.

My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestion of any

kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in

which people who have the inborn ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars while those who

are only fit to sweep the street will sweep the street. But we have not produced a street cleaner so

far.

Exercise 1

1.1921

2. fit the child 3. ordinary schools 4. adult conception

Exercise 2

1.

good

being

2.

wise

3.

realistic

4.

psychology

5.

freedom

to

be

themselves

6.

discipline

7. suggestion

8. religious instruction

9. scholars

10. scholars

11. street cleaners

Practice Three

Chang and Eng were the original Siamese twins, born in Siam in 1811. The King of Siam ordered

them to be killed but their mother managed to keep them alive and bring them up as normal as

possible.

They were not very tall and were connected by a band of tissue 4.5 inches long, but they were

very intelligent. They emigrated to America, became famous as a circus act and by the time they

were thirty had made a lot of money. Then they got married. They married sisters and between

them had twenty-two children. Chang and Eng now have more than 1,000 descendants. For some

years they all lived in the twins' original house; but when the families grew they built separate

homes, Chang and Eng spending three days in one and the next three in the other.

In their later years, Chang's health deteriorated because he drank too much. Eng became so

worried that he tried to get separated, but no doctor would do the operation. The end of their lives

was painful. On January 12, 1874, Chang took to his bed with bronchitis in his own house. On the

Thursday it was time to move, according to the arrangement, to Eng's house, Eng did not want

Chang to go, but Chang insisted. His health grew steadily worse until he died on January 17.

When Eng realized his twin brother had died he said,

hours later.

Exercise 1

1.

C

2. B

3. C

4. B

Exercise 2

1. F

2. F

3. T

4. F

5.F

Practice Four

The importance of nature over nurture in behavior has been shown in an experiment with

monkeys.

A University of Chicago researcher has shown for the first time that young monkeys reared by

foster mothers are more likely to show the aggressive or friendly behavior of their birth mothers

instead of the behavior of their foster mothers.

The discovery of inheritance of social behavior among non-human primates is important in

understanding human behavior. It supports another research that suggests that behavior such as

sociability and aggressiveness in humans may have a genetic basis.

Rhesus monkeys offer an important research population because they organize in strong

matrilineal structures, and the female offspring often exhibit the same social behavior as their

mothers. The experiment showed that some aspects of behavior were inherited or learned by the

female offspring. Also it showed that inherited behavior was probably more important than

nurture in female offspring.

For the study, rhesus female babies were exchanged between mothers who had recently given

birth.