-
2012
届上海市高三二模英语试卷——
C
篇
(
崇明
)
(C)
Lots of bacteria can
grow in the seemingly unfriendly environment under
glaciers
(
冰川
), a
region
formerly
considered
free
of
much
biology.
This
finding
by
glaciologists
working
in
Switzerland could help
solve some puzzles of the last ice age and point
the way for finding life on
other
planets.
Bacteria
with
odd
lifestyles
have
been
under
increasing
study
lately,
with
most
research
focused on the
species which prefer hot homes. The new study
shifts attention to the other end of
the
thermometer
(<
/p>
温度计
).
The
exciting
thing
is
the
idea
of
pushing
the
window
of
acceptable
bacterial
environments a little bit farther open.
Researchers have previously collected
small numbers of bacteria from ice in Antarctica
and
Greenland,
but
they
could
not
determine
whether
these were
active
bacteria
or
just
frozen
cells
blown
in
by
wind.
In
contrast,
the
earth
beneath
two
Swiss
glaciers
harbors
large
colonies
of
bacteria
—
hundreds
of millions of cells per
gram
—
that appear to be
growing at 0
℃
.
Scientists
followed
upon
these
findings
by
taking
samples
of
ice,
water,
and
earth
at
two
mountain glaciers. They found that
earth beneath the glaciers contained much larger
populations
of bacteria than did
surface and inner part of ice. Those findings
indicate that the bacteria were
growing
at the bottom of the glacier and are not something
washed in while the scientists drilled
through the ice.
Looking at
the bacteria under a
microscope
< br>(
显微镜
), the researchers
found that many were in
the process of
dividing, and healthy under the ice. The bacteria
might break down minerals and
plant
remains
originally
buried
beneath
the
glacier
or
later
washed
in
by
water
going
slowly
through the ice,
scientists say.
―
Some of the
assumptions we have made in the past now must be
seriously questioned,
‖
say
researchers.
―
If
bacteria can live under glaciers on Earth, why not
on other planets? The new study
points
out in many ways that the bottoms of glaciers are
probably quite good environments from
the point of view of bacteria. So,
maybe the bottom of the ice sheets on other
planets would be a
sensible place to
try if you
‘
re going to look
for life on them.
‖
72. What is special about the new study
on bacteria?
A. It focuses on the bacteria in hot
environments.
B. It opens the windows of the
bacterial labs wider.
C. It pays more attention
to the bacteria in the thermometer.
D. It changes
scientists
‘
view about the
environment bacteria exist in.
73.
Which of the following facts proves that bacteria
under glaciers are alive?
A. Water is going slowly
through the ice.
B. The drills used by
scientists are free of bacteria.
C. Many of the
bacteria are in the process of dividing.
D.
The earth beneath the glacier contains more
bacteria.
74. From the passage we can
learn that ________.
A. bacteria disappear in
the inner part of ice
B.
bacteria must be also alive on other planets
C.
bacteria can grow in extreme weathers
D. bacteria grow by breaking themselves
down
75. The passage is mainly about
the possibility of the existence of life
_________.
A. under the sea
B. in hot
water
C. on
other planets
D. under
glaciers
C
篇
D CCD
(
奉贤
)
(C)
The gift of being able
to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as
every experienced police
1
officer knows to his cost. As the
Lancet put it recently, ―When we try to describe
faces precisely,
words fail us, and we
resort to identikit (
拼脸型图
)
procedures.‖
Yet, according
to one authority on the subject, we can each
probably recognize
more than
1,000 faces, the majority of which
differ in fine details. This, when one comes to
think of it, is a
tremendous
feat,
though,
curiously
enough,
relatively
little
attention
has
been
devoted
to
the
fundamental
problems
of
how
and
why
we
acquire
this
gift
for
recognizing
and
remembering
faces. Is it an inborn property of our
brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens,
the experts
tend to differ.
Th
us, some argue that it is
inborn, and that there are ―special
characteristics about the brain‘s
ability to distinguish faces‖. In
support of this
, they note how much
better we are at recognizing a
face
after a single encounter than we are, for example,
in recognizing an individual horse. On the
other hand, there are those, and they
are probably in the majority, who claim that the
gift is an
acquired one.
The
arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be
confessed, are impressive. It is a habit
that
is
acquired
soon
after
birth.
Watch,
for
instance,
how
a
quite
young
baby
recognizes
his
mother by sight. Granted that his other
senses help
–
the sound, his
sense of smell, the distinctive
way she
handles him. But of all these, sight is
predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life,
the ability to recognize faces quickly
becomes an established habit, and one that is,
essential for
daily living, if not
necessarily for survival. How essential and
valuable it is we probably do not
appreciate until we encounter people
who have been deprived of the faculty.
This
unfortunate
inability
to
recognize
familiar
faces
is
known
to
all,
but
such
people
can
often recognize individuals by their
voices, their walking manners or their spectacles.
With typical
human ingenuity, many of
these unfortunate people overcome their handicap
by recognizing other
characteristic
features.
72. It is stated
in the passage that ______.
A. it is
unusual for a person to be able to identify a face
satisfactorily
B. the ability to
recognize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual gift
C. quite a few people can visualize
faces they have seen
D. few
people can give exact details of the appearance of
a face
73. What the author
feels strange about is that _______.
A.
people have the tremendous ability to recognize
more than 1,000 faces
B.
people don‘t think much of the problem
of how and why we acquire the ability to recognize
and remember faces
C.
people
don‘t
realize
how
essential
and
valuable
it
is
for
them
to
have
the
ability
to
recognize faces
D. people have been arguing much over
the way people recognize and remember faces
74. What is the first
suggested explanation of the origin of the
ability?
A. It is one of the
characteristics peculiar to human beings.
2
B.
It is acquired soon after birth.
C. It
is something we can do from the very moment we are
born.
D. It is learned from our
environment and experiences.
75. This passage seems to emphasize
that ______.
A. the ability to
recognize individuals is dependent on other senses
as well as sight
B. sight is
indispensable (
必需的
)
to recognizing individuals
C. the ability to recognize faces is a
special inborn ability of the brain
D.
the importance of the ability of recognizing faces
is fully appreciated by people.
72
—
75 DBCA
(
虹口
)
(C)
There are a
couple of ways to forecast the destructive
potential of a
hurricane
(
飓风
) so that
people in the way can take adequate
precautions
(
预防措施
). Satellite images of
cloud patterns
can
be
analyzed
to
estimate
peak
wind
speeds,
but
the
estimates
are
often
way
off
the
mark.
Specialized aircraft can fly into a
storm to measure the winds directly, but the
flights are costly.
Researchers at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology come up with a third way:
listening
to a storm underwater.
In a paper to be published
in Geophysical Research Letters, Nicholas C.
Makris and a former
graduate
student,
Joshua
D.
Wilson,
report
a
strong
connection
between
the
intensity
(
强度
)
of
sound recorded by an
undersea microphone in the mid-Atlantic and the
wind power of a hurricane
that passed
over it. They say that such microphones, known as
hydrophones, could be a safe and
relatively inexpensive means of
estimating hurricane force.
Dr.
Makris
and
Dr.
Wilson,
who
are
now
with
Applied
Physical
Sciences
Corporation,
worked out the theory of underwater
acoustic
(
声音的
) monitoring of storms
in a 2005 paper.
―To
be very
frank with you, it‘s a mystery
what
makes storms noisy
underwater.
‖
Dr. Makris
said. The
most popular idea currently
is that it has something to do with
oscillating air bubbles
(
气泡振动
).
The researchers then went looking for
experimental data to back their theory, and found
it
from
a
hydrophone
placed
at
a
depth
of
2,500
feet
by
the
National
Atmospheric
and
Oceanic
Administration. It
happened that Hurricane Gert passed over the area
in September 1999, and a
hurricane-
hunter plane directly measured the wind speed at
the same time. The hydrophone data
showed sound intensity
risi
ng when the storm‘s outside wind
―wall‖ passed over, and again when
the
inside
wall,
the
most
destructive
part
of
the
storm
near
the
eye,
passed
over.
―We
got
a
beautiful connection
,‖
Dr
.
Makris said, ―between
the hydrophone data and the actual wind
speeds
as measured by the
aircraft.
‖
Dr.
Makris
is
conducting
additional
experiments,
working
with
the
Mexican
Navy
off
the
west
coast
of
Mexico.
The
eventual
goal,
he
said,
would
be
permanent
hydrophones
in
known
hurricane
zones
or
temporary
ones
that
could
be
easily
laid
by
plane
or
ship
in
the
path
of
a
coming
storm.
72. Compared with the
traditional methods, the new way of measuring
is_____.
A. more expensive
B.
more direct
C. less
dangerous
D. less accurate
73. Which statement is WRONG according
to the article?
3
A. The
scientists gained support from different fields.
B. Dr. Makris and Dr. Wilson have
figured out what makes storms noisy underwater.
C. The scientists have
found the relationship between the changes of
sound intensity and the
force of the
hurricane.
D. There are
several ways for people to forecast the force of
the coming hurricane.
74. Why is Dr.
Makris now making other experiments with the help
of the Mexican Navy off the
west coast
of Mexico?
A. To place
permanent hydrophones in some zones.
B. To collect more images of cloud
patterns.
C. To be secure
in carrying out their experiments.
D. To get more information from the
hurricane-hunter planes.
75. Which of
the following might be the best title of the
passage?
A. Ways to Stop the
Destructive Force of a Hurricane
B.
Connection between the Intensity of Sound and the
Wind Power of a Hurricane
C.
Hydrophones, Safe but Expensive Means of
Estimating Hurricane Force
D. Measuring
a Hurricane by Sound Underwater
72-75:
CBAD
（黄浦、嘉定）
(C)
The
coast
of
the
State
of
Maine
is
one
of
the
most
irregular
in
the
world.
A
straight
line
running from the
southernmost coastal city to the northernmost
coastal city would measure about
225
miles.
If
you
followed
the
coastline
between
these
points,
you
would
travel
more
than
ten
times as
far. This irregularity is the result of what is
called a drowned coastline. The term comes
from the
glacial
（
冰川的）
activity of the Ice Age. At that
time, the whole area that is now Maine
was part of a mountain range that
towered above the sea. As the glacier descended,
however, it
applied enormous force on
those mountains, and they sank into the sea.
As the mountains sank,
ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the
remaining land. And
the
highest
parts
of
the
former
mountain
range,
nearest
the
shore,
remained
as
islands.
Marine
fossils found here
are 225 feet above sea level indicating the level
of the shoreline prior to the
glacier.
The
2,500-mile-
long
rocky
and
jagged
coastline
of
Maine
keeps
watch
over
nearly
2,000
islands.
Many
of
these
islands
are
tiny
and
uninhabited,
but
many
are
home
to
blooming
communities. Mt. Desert Island is one
of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast
islands left
behind by the glacier.
Measuring 16 miles by 12 miles, Mt. Desert was
very nearly formed as two
distinct
islands. It is split almost in half by Somes
Sound, a very deep and very narrow stretch of
water seven miles long.
For
years,
Mt.
Desert
Island,
particularly
its
major
settlement,
Bar
Harbor,
has
afforded
summer homes for
the wealthy. Recently, though, Bar Harbor has
become a new arts community
as well.
But the best part of the island is the unspoiled
forest land known as Acadia National Park.
Since the island sits on the border
between two different geographical zones, the park
supports the
plants and animals of both
zones. It also lies in a major bird migration lane
and is a resting spot for
many birds.
The establishment of Acadia
National park in 1916 means that this natural
monument will be
4
preserved and that it will be available
to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to
Acadia may
receive nature instruction
from the park naturalists as well as enjoy
camping, hiking, cycling, and
boating.
Or
they
may
choose
to
spend
time
at
the
museum
learning
about
the
Stone
Age
inhabitants of the
island.
72
．
The large
number of small islands along the coast of Maine
is the result of __________.
A. the drowning of the Maine coastline
B.
glacier
‘
s forcing mountains
into the sea
C. the irregularity of the
Maine coastline
D. ocean
water
‘
s flooding the
mountain range
73
．
From the
passage, we learn that __________.
A.
the coastline of Maine is ten times longer after
the Ice Age
B. there are more than 2500
islands along the Maine coastline
C. Mt. Desert Island has
been broken apart by a 7-mile-long water stretch
D. an arts community gave way to the
summer homes on Mt. Desert Island
74
．
What
CANNOT
be inferred about the
Acadia Nation Park?
A. It
welcomes all the people, rich or poor.
B. It has much appeal for bird-watching
lovers.
C. It offers
visitors both entertainment and education.
D. It is a border between
the two geographical zones.
75
．
Which of the
following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The past and the present of Maine
B.
The formation of Maine coastline
C. Efforts for preserving national
parks
D. Tourist
attractions on Mt. Desert Island
72
—
75
BCDA
（静安、杨浦、宝山、青浦）
(C)
Being
less
than
perfectly
well-dressed
in
a
business
setting
can
result
in
a
feeling of
great
discomfort
that
may
well
require
treatment
to
eliminate.
And
the
sad
truth
is
that
―
clothing
mismatches
‖
on
the job can ruin the day of the person who is
wearing the inappropriate attire(
着
装
)
—
and the
people with whom he or she comes in contact.
Offices
vary
when
it
comes
to
dress
codes.
Some
businesses
have
very
high
standards
for
their
employees
and
set
strict
guidelines
for
office
attire,
while
others
maintain
a
more
relaxed
attitude.
However,
it
is
always
important
to
remember
that
no
matter
what
your
company
‘
s
attitude is regarding what you wear,
you are working in a business environment and you
should
dress
properly.
Certain
items
may
be
more
appropriate
for
evening
wear
than
for
a
business
meeting, just as shorts and a T-shirt
are better suited for the beach than for an office
environment.
Your attire should reflect
both your environment and your position. A senior
vice president has a
different image to
maintain than that of a secretary or sales
assistant. Like it or not, you will be
judged by your personal appearance.
This is never more apparent than on
―
dress-down
days
‖
, when what you wear
can say more
about you than any
business suit ever could. In fact, people will pay
more attention to what you
wear on
dress-down days than on
―
business
professional
‖
days. Thus,
when dressing in
―
business
5
casual
‖
clothes,
try to put some good taste into your wardrobe
choices, recognize that the
―
real
‖
definition of business casual is to
dress just one notch(
等级
)
down from what you would normally
wear
of business-professional attire days.
Remember, there are borders between
your career and our social life. You should dress
one
way for play and another way when
you mean business. Always ask yourself where you
are going
and how other people will be
dressed when you get there. Is the final
destination the opera, the
beach, or
the office? Dress properly and you will discover
the truth in the principle that clothes
make the man
—
and
the woman. When in doubt, always misjudge on the
side of dressing slightly
more
traditionally than the situation demands.
72. What is the passage mainly about?
A.
How to dress properly in a business setting.
B.
A president of a company should dress differently
from a secretary or sales assistant.
C. The
differences between professional and casual dress.
D.
Improper dress will make a person feel
uncomfortable.
73. Which of the
following statements is true?
A. Every
company has strict rules regarding office dress.
B.
You can wear whatever you like if your company
doesn
‘
t have high standards
for dressing.
C. You should dress according to the
business setting even when there are no fixed
rules.
D. In companies with relaxed rules on
office dress, you can
‘
t spot
a manager among others.
74. Which
statement best describes
―
dress-down
days
‖
?
A. On dress-
down days, you can wear whatever you like.
B.
People
‘
s clothes on dress-
down days don
‘
t receive much
attention.
C. We can
‘
t judge
a person
‘
s taste by his
clothes on dress-down days.
D. People are
usually more careful about what they wear on
dress-down days than on other
occasions.
75. Which of the
following is NOT the rule offered in the passage
with regard to business dress?
A. Remember to
ask others for advice when you are not sure about
what to dress.
B. Think about how other guests will
wear if you are invited to a dinner.
C. For a
business meeting and a concert, you should dress
differently.
D. Dress a bit traditionally if you are
not sure about proper dress for a certain
occasion.
72
—
75
ACDA
（闵行）
(C)
According
to
sociologists,
there
are
several
different
ways
in
which
a
person
may
become
recognized as the leader of a social
group in the United States. In the family
traditional cultural
patterns
confer
(
授予
) leadership on one or
both of the parents. In other cases, such as
friendship
groups, one or more persons
may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is
no formal process
of selection. In
larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally
through election or recruitment.
Although
leaders
are
often
thought
to
be
people
with
unusual
personal
ability,
decades
of
6
research have failed to
produce consistent evidence that there is any
category of
It seems that there is no
set of personal qualities that all leaders have in
common; rather, virtually
any person
may be recognized as a leader if the person has
qualities that meet the needs of that
particular group.
Furthermore,
although
it
is
commonly
supposed
that
social
groups
have
a
single
leader,
research suggests
that there are typically two different leadership
roles that are held by different
individuals.
Instrumental
leadership
is
leadership
that
emphasizes
the
completion
of
tasks
by
a
social
group.
Group
members
look
to
instrumental
leaders
to
―get
things
done.‖
Expressive
leadership, on the other hand, is
leadership that emphasizes the collective well-
beings of a social
group‘
s
members. Expressive leaders are less concerned
with the overall goals of the group than
with
providing
emotional
support
to
group
members
and
attempting
to
minimize
tension
and
conflict among them.
Group members expect expressive leaders to
maintain stable relationships
within
the group and provide support to individual
members.
Instrumental
leaders
are
likely
to
have
a
rather
secondary
relationship
to
other
group
members. They give orders and may
discipline group members who prohibit
attainment
(
达到
) of
the group‘
s goals.
Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or
primary relationship to others in
the
group.
They
offer
sympathy
when
someone
experiences
difficulties
or
is
subjected
to
discipline,
are
quick
to
lighten
a
serious
moment
with
humor,
and
try
to
resolve
issues
that
threaten
to
divide
the
group.
As
the
difference
in
these
two
roles
suggests,
expressive
leaders
generally receive more personal
affection from group members; instrumental
leaders, if they are
successful in
promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant
respect.
72.
Which of the
following statements about leadership can be
inferred from paragraph 2?
A. Few people succeed in sharing a
leadership role with another person.
B.
A person who is an effective leader of a
particular group may not be an effective
leader
in
another group.
C. A person can best
learn how to be an effective leader by studying
research on leadership.
D. Most people
desire to be leaders but can produce little
evidence of their qualifications.
73.
The passage indicates that
instrumental leaders generally focus on ________.
A. ensuring harmonious relationships
B. sharing responsibility with group
members
C. achieving a goal
D. identifying new leaders
74.
A
―
secondary
relationship
‖
between
a
leader
and
the
members
of
a
group
could
best
be
described as
―
________
‖
.
A. distant
B. enthusiastic
D. personal
C. sympathetic
75.
What does the passage
mainly discuss?
A. The
problems faced by leaders.
B. How
leadership differs in small and large groups.
C. How social groups determine who will
lead them.
7