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一
There
is
a
widespread
belief
that
people
who
get
on
in
life
may
be
successful
not
because
they deserve it,
but
because
of
influential
friends
or
the right background.
Sometimes
it
may
just be a comforting and harmless
belief, while at the other
extreme
it
can
be
very
destructive.
I
once
met
a
brilliant
young
engineer
who
worked
in
a
chemical
plant.
Because
of
her
knowledge and experience, she
should
have been promoted
to
Production Manager.
Instead, the job went to a man who was
totally
unsuited
for the post.
Everyone
knew that he
only
got
it
because
he
was
politically
acceptable
to
his
superiors.
This
injustice
demoralized
the
young
engineer
and
many
of
her
colleagues.
It
also
meant
that
the
factory
was
much
less
efficient
than
it
could
have
been.
All
the
same,
we
should
not
be
pessimistic.
More
and
more,
the
modern world depends on having people who are in
the job
because
they
are
good
enough,
not
just
because
their
face
fits.
There is a story of a factory owner who
sent for an engineer
to see to a
machine, which would not go. He examined it, then
took out a hammer and tapped it, once.
The machine started up
immediately.
When he presented
his
bill,
the
owner
protested,
hammer?
machine,
$$1; for knowing where to tap it, $$99.
1.
It is believed that some people have succeeded in
life
because__C__.
[A] they
feel superior to others
[B] they are
both influential and powerful
[C] they
have some special advantages
[D] they
have a poor background
2. The
engineer
at
the
chemical
plant
was
not
promoted
because__D__.
[A] it is
more difficult for a woman to get a promotion than
for her male colleagues
[B]
her boss did not think she had the right
qualifications
for the job
[C] the man who got his promotion was
more experienced than
she was
[D] her bosses did not approve of her
political views and
opinions
3. The
engineer who
repaired the
machine
was right
to
charge
$$100 because__D__.
[A] he was the only person who could
find out what was wrong
with it
[B] the factory owner could not have
repaired it himself
[C] he hit the
machine to get it started again
[D] he
was charging for his knowledge and expert skills
4. The
author's
attitude
toward
the
widespread
belief
is__C__.
[A] positive
[B] negative
[C] neutral
[D]
sympathetic
5. According to the
passage, which of the following is NOT
TRUE?__A__
[A]
Having
influential
friends
or
right
background
seems
helpful sometimes.
[B] The
engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory
owner.
[C] Not all those
who are good in their jobs have the chance
to be promoted.
[D] Those
who
are
good
in their
job
are
still
largely
needed
by the modern society.
二
We
are
all
conditioned
by
the
way
we
are
brought
up.
Our
values
are
determined by our parents, and in a large sense,
by the
culture in which we live. The
Chinese, for example, are not
accustomed to the drinking of milk, and
actually become sick
if they are
compelled to drink a glassful of the beverage.
Americans,
on
the
other
hand,
thrive
on
milk,
although
they
have
many
taboos
of
their
own.
Some
years
ago
I
gave
a
dinner
party
during
which
I
served
a
delicious
hors-d'euvre
(
冷盘
)
filled
with
a
meat
that
tasted
somewhat like chicken. My guests
wondered what the meat was,
but I
refused to tell them until they had eaten their
fill. I
explained that they had just
dined on the flesh of freshly
killed
rattlesnake. The
reaction
was
nausea and
in some cases
violent vomiting.
If
I
had
served
rattlesnake to
a
Chinese, he
would doubtless
have requested a second helping,for in China
the
dish
is
considered
a
delicacy.
Another
interesting
case
is the
young
man
I
met recently
in
New
York
City.
An
American
by
birth,
he
has
been
removed
from
his native state of Oregon at the age
of six months when his
parents
went to Japan as
missionaries. Orphaned before his
first
birthday,
he
was
reared
by
a
Japanese
family
in
a
remote
village.
The
young
man
was
unmistakably
American
in
appearance,
with blood hair
and blue eyes. But he had a Japanese style of
walking, Japanese facial expressions,
and he thought like a
Japanese.
Though he
had learned
to speak
English
fluently, he
felt
uncomfortable
and
out
of
place
in
an
American
city.
He
soon
returned to Japan.
6. Which
of the following would be the best title for the
passage? __A__.
[A]
Culture Conditioning
[B] Our Parents'
Values
[C] Taboos among Americans
[D] American Customs
7.
The author says that cooked rattlesnake is __C__.
[A] sickening
[B]
healthful
[C] tasty
[D]
unappetizing
8.
When
informed
they
had
eaten
the
flesh
of
rattlesnake,
the
author's guests __D__.
[A] were delighted
[B]
were surprised
[C] praised the dish
[D] felt sick
9. The
young man could not live happily in an American
city
because __C__.
[A] he
looked like a Japanese
[B] his
parents were Japanese
[C] his outlook
was Japanese
[D] he couldn't speak
English
10.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
our
values
__C__.
[A] are inborn
[B] are learned
[C]
change as we grow up
[D] can be
selected
三
The
text
of
a
business
report
is
composed
of
three
raw
materials:
words,
numbers
and
graphics.
All
the
three
may
not
be
contained
in a
given report, but a competent writer must be
prepared to
use
each
when
it
is
demanded.
Words are the
most fundamental materials of a writer.
Without an ability
rouse
language precisely and
expressively,
no report
writer can hop to succeed at the task. Effective
composition demands clear and forceful
word choice to convey
a
single,
accurate,
and
reliable
meaning
to
a
reader.
Numbers
comprise a business writer's second category of
materials.
Because numbers
are used to predict and measure
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