高中英语 上海高考六选四练习题 (适合中等程度偏上)

六选四

（分题材）

针对高考

中等程度偏上

One

生活类

（

A

）

A. Of course, you don’t always need to wear a suit.

B. Besides, men care more about dress codes than women do.

C. In short--remember to keep your whole style plain and simple.

D. Companies have seen that the more relaxed attitude to dress not only promotes comfort,

but also encourages younger workers to stay.

E. All in all, not every company allows its staff to wear earrings.

F. First, let’s look at color.

Getting dressed for the office

It’s clear that business wear has changed in the last few years

--for both men and women. Even traditional

business such as law companies have altered their dress codes from “smart” to “smart

-

casual”. ___1___. What is

less clear, however, is what “smart

-cas

ual” actually means. I hope to give you a few basic tips here. There are

many factors involved:

for

example, the particular industry

you work in, how

much contact you have

with the

public and your position in the company. The seasons even have a part to play-- what is acceptable in the summer

might not be in the autumn or winter.

So, does “smart

-

casual” mean you can come to work in tracksuit bottoms and sandals, or does it just mean

that you don’t have to wear a tie? ___2___. Fashionable colors for suits for

both men and women this season are

still

the

traditional

grey,

dark

blue

and

black.

You

see

someone

wearing

grey

and

it

indicates

a

conservative,

professional

image;

dark

blue

says

you’re

trustworthy;

and

black

always

looks

smart

and

classy.

These

colors

don’t have to look boring, however. Try wearing a shirt or blouse with a splash of color. Pale blue, pink or lilac are

better than loud colors like bright pink and dark red.

____3__. Men can go for a sports-type jacket, with a shirt or smart jumper. You can wear well-cut trousers

made

of

wool, or

a

good pair

of

chinos.

Women

can

wear

trouser

suits

or

skirt

suits.

You

can

also

wear

more

fashionable trousers and a blouse, or a skirt and top. But be careful; avoid wearing baggy, loose clothes, very short

skirts and lots of logos and patterns. If in doubt, go back to the suit. You need a similar attitude to jewelry, bags

1

and other accessories; you should try to resist large earrings and huge, colorful bags. ___4___.

答案

: DFAC

（

B

）

A.

They take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they

look right.

C. Skirts are lengthened or shortened, neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

D. Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.

AB. Consequently, clothes worn only a few times have to be put aside because of being out of fashion.

AC. Though less changeable, men’s clothes are of better quality and cost more than women’s.

If women are mercilessly

exploited

(

利用

) year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they

tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of

by the designers and the big stores. ___1__ When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in

front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of

money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing

in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. ___2__

No

one

can

claim

that

the

fashion

industry

contributes

any

thing

really

important

to

society.

Fashion

designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. ___3__There can hardly be a

man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or

delicately picking her way through deep snow in high- heeled shoes.

When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion

，

the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the

constantly

changing

fashions

of

women's

clothes,

one

wonders,

reflect

basic

qualities

of

inconstancy

and

instability? ___4__ Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of

stability

(

稳定

)and

reliability

(

可

靠

)? That is for you to decide.

2

答案

:

AB, C, A, AC

（

C

）

A. What accounts for this culture of generosity?

B. This belief is central to the national character.

C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated?

D. Americans’ generosity is root

ed in selfless behavior.

AB. America’s philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich.

AC. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father.

Charity

—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—

is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to

the

dawn

of

religious

teaching.

< br>Philanthropy

（慈善行为）

as

we

understand

it

today,

however,

is

a

distinctly

American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires

like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.

____1____ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality

（

节俭）

even in his own day, understood

that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to

future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver

—

one to the city of Boston, the other to

Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.

While

Franklin’s

gifts

lay

in

wait,

the

t

radition

he

established

evolved

alongside

the

young

nation.

____2____ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution

. One of

my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated

（种

族隔离）< /p>

South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.

____3____ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give.

And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech

elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his

death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise

-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to

overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”

Franklin’s gifts represent

a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from

private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more

justly for more people.

____4____ America’s greatest stre

ngth is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of

perfecting.

3

答案

:

AC,

AB,

A,

C

（

D

）

A. The evidence indicates that this hypothesis applies chiefly to males.

B. These points of view are widely accepted by the U.S. lawmakers.

C. Finally, the authors examined the possible causes for the sex difference in sports interest.

D. For example, in every society, males participate in sports at least twice as much as females in terms of

frequency or duration.

E. These points challenge the bedrock assumptions of many scholars and policy makers.

F. However, how can we address the issue from a broad, evolutionary perspective?

Sex difference in sports interest: What does evolution say?

Sports

are

enormously

popular,

and

one

striking

pattern

is

that

boys

and

men

are

typically

much

more

involved

than

are

girls

and

women.

This

sex

difference

has

policy

implications,

and

it

raises

fundamental

questions about the nature of sex differences. A recent review article by Deaner, Balish, and Lombardo (2016),

published in

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

, analyzes the relevant theoretical work.

First,

the

authors

demonstrated

that

females'

under- representation

in

sport-- both

as

participants

and

spectators--generally

reflects

their

lesser

sports

interest,

not

merely

fewer

opportunities

for

involvement.

Moreover,

this

sex

difference

occurs

in

all

societies

described

thus

far,

from

hunters

and

gatherers

to

large

contemporary societies. _____1_____.

Next,

the

authors

explored

adaptive,

functional

hypotheses

（猜想）

for

sports.

One

hypothesis

holds

that

individuals

compete

in

sports

to

gain

status

and

that

non- participants

monitor

sports

performances

so

they

can

evaluate

potential

competitors

and

allies

（同盟）

.

_____2_____.

Another

hypothesis

is

that

sports

serve

as

courtship displays that advertise participant quality to the opposite sex. This hypothesis effectively explains some

aspects of females' sports interest.

_____3_____. Although it is often assumed that socialization practices entirely cause this sex difference, the

evidence that socialization plays a role remains doubtful. In particular, no systematic historical comparison has

ever shown a decrease in the sex difference. Moreover, several studies indicate that inborn hormones contribute to

males' greater sports interest.

The

points

from

this

review

are

that

the

sex

difference

in

sports

interest

is

widespread,

partly

due

to

evolutionary

pressures

that

differentially

affected

males

and

females,

and

unlikely

to

be

fully

overturned

by

4

socialization.

_____4_____.

Most

notably,

Title

IX

is

a

U.S.

law

that

prohibits

sexual

discrimination

in

educational

opportunities,

including

sports,

and

Title

IX

is

generally

implemented

under

the

assumption

that

females' sports interest is inherently equal to that of males. The present research indicates that this implementation

may require revision.

答案

:

DACE

Two

科技类

（

A

）

A. Unfortunately, there aren’t nearly enough trained genetics counselors to handle the coming upsurge in demand for

this type of information.

B. Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, bu

t what if parents could examine their unborn child’s genome?

C. Cancer has become the first killer these years. That’s why people tend to take overtreatment with the knowledge of

family history.

D. Another fear is that a customer without discussing with genetics counselor can receive information via the Internet

about a multifold greater risk of breast cancer.

AB. Another problem arises whether it is moral to chose to stop pregnancy because of the genome problem.

AC. Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology.

In

a

few

years

you

will

be

able

to

order

a

transcript

of

your

entire

genetic

code

for

less

than

$$1,000.

____1____Two

different

university

laboratories

have

developed

test

that

will

reveal

the

entirety

of

a

baby’s

genetic code using just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva(

唾液

)from the father.

Prenatal(

出生前的

)

whole-genome

sequencing

will

provide

volumes

of

information

beyond

the

currently

available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down’

s syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion

units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(

使

……

相形见的

) the relative trickle(

零散

)of information

provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one

million locations in the genome.

____2____Without

careful

panning,

the

new

prenatal

genetics

might

rob

a

child

of

the

chance

to

make

decisions

best

left

until

adulthood---whether

or

not

to

learn,

for

instance,

if

a

mutation(

突变

)predicts

the

inevi

tability of Huntington’s disease 20 years hence.

_____3_____. Similar laissez0faire(

放住

)action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend(

预示

)tragedy.

5

Ultimately

certain

agency

will

need

to

develop

a

comprehensive

policy

on

prenatal

whole

genome

testing.

Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls on the medical community to develop a guide to the

most relevant genomic data for future parents. ___4___Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise,

the secrets of our offspri

ng’s genetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher

---or worse.

答案

: B

AC

C

A

（

B

）

A. Another function of scannable chips in clothing could be the ability to find out more information about the

product,

B. High-tech clothes will be a bestseller of IT times.

C. Through smart connected devices in our homes, our shopping needs will be anticipated and taken care of.

E. But what if it could soon be our clothing itself that has Internet connect ability?

F. it isn't just a dream - internet-connected clothes are already being made but are yet to go mainstream.

Wearable technology is nothing new - activity trackers and smart watches are now as ubiquitous as trainers

and glasses. ____1_____ In the not too distant future, it's highly likely that our clothes will be almost as smart as

our phones.

Given we’ve survived just fine

for millennia with the clothes we have now , you might wondering what the

point of connected clothing would be. Well, imagine if when you put a jacket in the washing machine, a chip in

the

jacket

automatically

puts

the

machine

on

the

right

laundry

setting,

making

life

just

that

little

bit

easier.

_____2______For instance, how it was designed, its sustainability and even a playlist made by the brand.

Whilst

none

of

these

functions

are

things

we

need,

the

hope

is

that

they'll

enhance

our

clothing

and

the

experience

that

goes

with

wearing

it.

_____3____One

company

leading

the

way

is

clothing

care

label

manufacturer Avery Dennison, who have teamed up with fashion label Rochambeau and Everything to create a

bomber jacket with a personalized QR code. The code in the chip then gives the wearer a number of perks such as

entry to exclusive clubs, special menus at certain restaurants and a ticket to Rochambeau's next runway show.

But

internet- connected

clothing

isn't

the

only

way

fashion

is

combining

with

technology

-

programmatic

commerce,

a

concept

developed

by

global

ecommerce

consultancy

Salmon,

is

set

to

change

the

way

we

buy

6