存在主义教育哲学英语版

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存在主义教育哲学

What is Existentialism ?

Katharena Eiermann

says:

and academic philosophical movements, is about as simple as can be. It is that every one of us, as

an individual, is responsible

—

responsible for what we do, responsible for who we are, responsible

for the way we face and deal with the world, responsible, ultimately, for the way the world is.

It is, in a very short phrase, the philosophy of 'no excuses!' We cannot shift that burden onto

God, or nature, or the ways of the world.

--Professor Robert Solomon

Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual

experience in a hostile or indifferent universe, regards human existence as unexplainable, and

stresses freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of one's acts.

Existentialism

The

Summerhill

theory is that when a child has played enough he will start to work

and face difficulties, and I claim that this theory has been vindicated in our pupils'

ability to do a good job even when it involves a lot of unpleasant work.

“Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Such is the fi

rst principle of

existentialism.''

Jean Paul Sartre

Existentialism as a Philosophical Term

The existentialist movement in education is based on an intellectual attitude that

philosophers term existentialism. Born in nineteenth-century Europe, existentialism is

associated with such diverse thinkers as :Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855), a passionate

Christian, and Friedrich Nietzsche (1811~1900) who wrote a book entitled The

Antichrist and coined the phrase God is dead. While the famous existentialists would

passionately disagree with one another on many basic philosophical issues, what they

shared was a respect for individualism. In particular, they argued that traditional

approaches to philosophy do not adequately respect the unique concerns of each

individual.

Jean Paul Sartre's classic formulation of existentialism--that

essence

exist, and then we ourselves freely determine our essence (that is, our innermost

nature). Some philosophers commonly associated with the existentialist tradition

never fully adopted the

principle is fundamental to the educational existentialist movement.

Existentialism as an Educational Philosophy

Just as its namesake sprang from a strong rejection of traditional philosophy,

educational existentialism sprang from a strong rejection of the traditional, essentialist

approach to education. Existentialism rejects the existence of any source of objective,

authoritative truth about metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. Instead, individuals

are responsible for determining for themselves what is

human nature; each of us has the free will to develop as we see fit. In the existentialist

classroom, subject matter takes second place to helping the students understand and

appreciate themselves as unique individuals who accept complete responsibility for