-
2007
年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
试题
Section I Use of English
Directions
：
Read the following text. Choose the
best word
（
s
）
for each numbered blank and
mark A
，
B
，
C
，
and
D on ANSWER SHEET 1
（
10
points
）
By 1830 the former Spanish and
Portuguese colonies had become independent
nations. The roughly
20 million 1 of
these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the
crisis of the old regime and Iberian
Colonialism
，
many of the leaders of independence 3
the ideas of representative
government
，
careers 4 to
talent
，
freedom
of commerce and trade
，
the 5 to private
property
，
and a
belief in
the individual as the basis
of society
，
6
there was a belief that the new nations should be
sovereign
and independent
states
，
large
enough to be economically viable and integrated by
a 7 set of laws.
On the issue of 8 of
religion and the position of the
church
，
9
，
there was less
agreement 10 the
leadership. Roman
Catholicism had been the state religion and the
only one 11 by the Spanish
crown
，
12 most
leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the
official religion of the new
states
，
some
sought
to
end
the
14
of
other
faiths.
The
defense
of
the
Church
became
a
rallying
15
for
the
conservative forces.
The
ideals
of
the
early
leaders
of
independence
were
often
egalitarian
，
valuing
equality
of
everything. Bolivar had
received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to
abolish slavery in the areas
he
liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished
everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early
promises to end Indian tribute and
taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18
because the new
nations still needed
the revenue such policies 19 Egalitarian
sentiments were often tempered by
fears
that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule
and democracy.
1. [A] natives
[B] inhabitants
[C] peoples
[D]
individuals
2. [A] confusedly
[B] cheerfully
[C] worriedly
[D] hopefully
3. [A] shared
[B] forgot
[C] attained
[D]
rejected
4. [A] related
[B] close
[C]
open
[D] devoted
5.
[A] access
[B]
succession
[C]
right
[D] return
6.
[A] Presumably
[B]
Incidentally
[C]
Obviously
[D]
Generally
7. [A] unique
[B] common
[C] particular
[D] typical
8. [A] freedom
[B] origin
[C] impact
[D] reform
9. [A] therefore
[B] however
[C] indeed
[D] moreover
10. [A] with
[B] about
[C] among
[D] by
11. [A]
allowed
[B]
preached
[C]
granted
[D] funded
12.
[A] Since
[B]
If
[C]
Unless
[D] While
13.
[A] as
[B]
for
[C]
under
[D]
against
14. [A] spread
[B] interference
[C] exclusion
[D] influence
15. [A] support
[B] cry
[C] plea
[D] wish
16. [A] urged
[B] intended
[C] expected
[D] promised
17. [A]
controlling
[B]
former
[C]
remaining
[D]
original
18. [A] slower
[B] faster
[C]
easier
[D] tougher
19.
[A] created
[B]
produced
[C]
contributed
[D] preferred
20.
[A] puzzled by
[B] hostile
to
[C] pessimistic about
[D] unprepared
fo
Section
II
Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions
：
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosi
ng
A
，
B
，
C
or
D.
Mark
your
answers
on
ANSWER
SHEET
1.
（
40
points
）
Text
1
If
you
were
to
examine
the
birth
certificates
of
every
soccer
player
in
2006's
World
Cup
tournament
you
would
most
likely
find
a
noteworthy
quirk
elite
soccer
later
months.
If
yo
u
then
examined
the
European
national
youth
teams
that
feed
the
World
Cup
and
professi
onal
ranks
，
you
would
find
this
strange
phenomenon
to
be
even
more
pronounced.
What
might
account
for
this
strange
phenomenon
？
Here
are
a
few
guesses
：
a
）
certain
astrological
signs
confer
superior
soccer
skills.
b
）
winter-born
bathes
tend
to
have
higher
oxygen
capacity
which
increases
soccer
stamina.
c
）
soccer
mad
parents
are
more
likely
t
o
conceive
children
in
springtime
at
the
annual
peak
of
soccer
mania.
d
）
none
of
the
ab
ove.
Anders
Ericsson
，
a
58-year-old
psychology
professor
at
Florida
State
University
，
says
h
e
believes
strongly
in
“none
of
the
above.”
Ericsson
grew
up
in
Sweden
，
and
studied
nu
clear
engineering
until
he
realized
he
realized
he
would
have
more
opportunity
to
conduct
his
own
research
if
he
switched
to
psychology.
His
first
experiment
nearly
years
ago
，
in
volved
memory
：
training
a
person
to
hear
and
then
repeat
a
random
series
of
numbers.
“With
the
first
subject.
after
about
20
hours
of
training
his
digit
span
had
risen
from
7
to
20
，
”
Ericsson
recalls.
“He
kept
improving
，
and
after
about
200
hours
of
training
he
h
ad
risen
to
over
80
numbers.”
This
success
coupled
with
later
research
showing
that
memory
itself
as
not
genetically
d
et
ermined
，
led
Ericsson
to
conclude
that
the
act
of
memorizing
is
more
of
a
cognitive
exe
rcise
than
an
intuitive
one.
In
other
words
，
whatever
inborn
differences
two
people
may
exhibit
in
their
abilities
to
memorize
those
differences
are
swamped
by
how
well
each
per
son
“encodes”
the
information.
And
the
best
way
to
learn
how
to
encode
information
mea
ni
ngfully
，
Ericsson
determined
，
was
a
process
known
as
deliberate
practice.
Deliberate
practice
entails
more
than
simply
repeating
a
task.
Rather
，
it
involves
setting
specific
go
als
，
obtaining
immediate
feedback
and
concentrating
as
much
on
technique
as
on
outcom
e.
Ericsson
and
his
colleagues
have
thus
taken
to
studying
expert
performers
in
a
wide
range
of
pursuits
，
including
soccer.
They
gather
all
the
data
they
can
，
not
just
predominance
statistics
and
biographical
details
but
also
the
results
of
their
own
lavatory
experiments
w
ith
high
achievers.
Their
work
makes
a
rather
startling
assertion
：
the
trait
we
commonly
call
talent
is
highly
overrated.
Or
，
put
another
way
，
expert
performers
whether
in
mem
ory
or
surgery
，
ballet
or
computer
programming
are
nearly
always
made
，
not
born.
[410
words]
21.
The
birthday
phenomenon
found
among
soccer
players
is
mentioned
to
[A]
stress
the
importance
of
professional
training.
[B]
spotlight
the
soccer
superstars
in
the
World
Cup.
[C]
introduce
the
topic
of
what
males
expert
performance.
[D]
explain
why
some
soccer
teams
play
better
than
others.
22.
The
word
“mania”
（
Line
4
，
Paragraph
2
）
most
probably
means
[A]
fun.
[B]
craze.
[C]
hysteria.
[D]
excitement.
23.
According
to
Ericsson
good
memory
[A]
depends
on
meaningful
processing
of
information.
[B]
results
from
intuitive
rather
than
cognitive
exercises.
[C]
is
determined
by
genetic
rather
than
psychological
factors.
[D]
requires
immediate
feedback
and
a
high
degree
of
concentration.
24.
Ericsson
and
his
colleagues
believe
that
[A]
talent
is
a
dominating
factor
for
professional
success.
[B]
biographical
data
provide
the
key
to
excellent
performance.
[C]
the
role
of
talent
tends
to
be
overlooked.
[D]
high
achievers
owe
their
success
mostly
to
nurture.
25.
Which
of
the
following
proverbs
is
closest
to
the
message
the
text
tries
to
convey
？
[A]
“Faith
will
move
mountains.”
[B]
“One
reaps
what
one
sows.”
[C]
“Practice
makes
perfect.”
[D]
“Like
father
，
like
son”
Text
2
For
the
past
several
years
，
the
Sunday
newspaper
supplement
Parade
has
featured
a
column
called
“Ask
Marilyn.”
People
are
invited
to
query
Marilyn
vos
Savant
，
who
at
age
10
had
tested
at
a
mental
level
of
someone
about
23
years
old
；
that
gave
her
an
I
Q
of
228-the
highest
score
ever
recorded.
IQ
tests
ask
you
to
complete
verbal
and
visual
analogies
，
to
envision
paper
after
it
has
been
folded
and
cut
，
and
to
deduce
numerical
sequences
，
among
other
similar
tasks.
So
it
is
a
bit
confusing
when
vos
Savant
fields
su
ch
queries
from
the
average
Joe
（
whose
IQ
is
100
）
as
，
What's
the
difference
between
love
and
fondness
？
Or
what
is
the
nature
of
luck
and
coincidence
？
It's
not
obvious
ho
w
the
capacity
to
visualize
objects
and
to
figure
out
numerical
patterns
suits
one
to
answe
r
questions
that
have
eluded
some
of
the
best
poets
and
philosophers.
Clearly
，
intelligence
encompasses
more
than
a
score
on
a
test.
Just
what
does
it
m
eans
to
be
smart
？
How
much
of
intelligence
can
be
specified
，
and
how
much
can
we
l
earn
about
it
from
neurology
，
genetics
，
computer
science
and
other
fields
？
The
defining
term
of
intelligence
in
humans
still
seems
to
be
the
IQ
score
，
even
t
hough
IQ
tests
are
not
given
as
often
as
they
used
to
be.
The
test
comes
primarily
in
tw
o
forms
：
the
Stanford-Binet
Intelligence
Scale
and
the
Wechsler
Intelligence
Scales
（
bot
h
come
in
adult
and
children's
version
）。
Generally
costing
several
hundred
dollars
，
th
ey
are
usually
given
only
by
psychologists
，
although
variations
of
them
populate
booksto
res
and
the
World
Wide
Web.
Superhigh
sco
res
like
vos
Savant’s
are
no
longer
possibl
e
，
because
scoring
is
now
based
on
a
statistical
population
distribution
among
age
peck
s
，
rather
tan
simply
dividing
the
mental
are
by
the
chronological
age
and
multiplying
by
100.
Other
standardized
tests
，
such
as
the
Scholastic
Assessment
Test
（
SAT
）
and
the
Graduate
Record
Exam
（
GRE
），
capture
the
main
aspects
of
IQ
tests.
Such
standardized
tests
may
not
assess
all
the
important
elements
necessary
to
succe
ed
in
school
and
in
life
，
argues
Robert
J.
Sternberg.
In
his
article
“How
Intelligent
Is
In
telligence
Test
ing
？
”
。
Sternberg
notes
that
traditional
tests
best
assess
analytical
and
verb
al
skills
but
fail
to
measure
creativity
and
practical
knowledge
，
components
also
critical
to
problem
solving
and
life
success.
Moreover
，
IQ
tests
do
not
necessarily
predict
so
we
ll
once
populations
or
situations
change.
Research
has
found
that
IQ
predicted
leadership
s
ills
when
the
tests
were
given
under
low-
stress
conditions
，
but
under
high-
stress
conditio
ns.
IQ
was
negatively
correlated
with
leadership-that
is
it
predicted
the
opposite.
Anyone
who
bas
toiled
through
SAT
will
testify
that
test-taking
skill
also
matters
，
whether
it‘s
k
nowing
when
to
guess
or
what
questions
of
skip.
[451
words]
26.
Which
of
the
following
may
be
required
in
an
intelligence
test
？
[A]
Answering
philosophical
questions.
[B]
Folding
or
cutting
paper
into
different
shapes.
[C]
Telling
the
differences
between
certain
concepts.
[D]
Choosing
words
or
graphs
similar
to
the
given
ones.
27.
What
can
be
inferred
about
intelligence
testing
from
Paragraph
3
？
[A]
People
no
longer
use
IQ
scores
as
an
indicator
of
intelligence.
[B]
More
versions
of
IQ
tests
are
now
available
on
the
Internet.
[C]
The
test
contents
and
formats
for
adults
and
children
may
be
different.
[D]
Scientists
have
defined
the
important
elements
of
human
intelligence.
28.
People
nowadays
can
no
longer
achieve
IQ
scores
as
high
as
vos
Savant's
becau
se
[A]
the
scores
are
obtained
through
different
computational
procedures.
[B]
creativity
rather
than
analytical
skills
is
emphasized
now.
[C]
vos
Savant's
case
is
an
extreme
one
that
will
not
repeat.
[D]
the
defining
characteristic
of
IQ
tests
has
changed.
29.
We
can
conclude
from
the
last
paragraph
that
[A]
test
scores
may
not
be
reliable
indicators
of
one's
ability
[B]
IQ
scores
and
SAT
results
are
highly
correlated.
[C]
testing
involves
a
lot
of
guesswork.
[D]
traditional
tests
are
out
of
date.
30.
What
is
the
author's
attitude
towards
IQ
tests
？
[A]
Supportive.
[B]
Skeptical.
[C]
Impartial.
[D]
Biased
Text
3
During
the
past
generation
，
the
American
middle-class
family
that
once
could
count
on
hard
work
and
fair
play
to
keep
itself
financially
secure
has
been
transformed
by
eco
nomic
risk
and
new
realities.
Now
a
pink
slip
，
a
bad
diagnosis.
or
a
disappearing
spous
e
can
reduce
a
family
from
solidly
middle
class
to
newly
poor
in
a
few
months.
In
just
one
generation
，
millions
of
mothers
have
gone
to
work
，
transforming
basi
c
family
economics.
Scholars
，
policymakers
，
and
critics
of
all
stripes
have
debated
the
social
implications
of
these
changes
，
but
few
have
looked
at
the
side
effect
family
risk
has
risen
as
well.
Today's
families
have
budgeted
to
the
limits
of
their
new
two-
paycheck
status.
As
a
result
they
have
lost
the
parachute
they
once
had
in
times
of
financial
setbac
k-
a
back-up
earner
（
usually
Mom
）
who
could
go
into
the
workforce
if
the
primary
ea
rner
got
laid
off
or
fell
sick.
This
“added
-
worker
effect”
could
support
the
safety
net
offe
red
by
unemployment
insurance
or
disability
insurance
to
help
families
weather
bad
times.
But
today
，
a
disruption
to
family
fortunes
can
not
longer
be
made
up
with
extra
income
from
an
otherwise-stay-at-home
partner.
During
the
same
period
，
families
have
been
asked
to
absorb
much
more
risk
in
th
eir
retirement
income.
Steelworkers
，
airline
employees
，
and
now
those
in
the
auto
indu
stry
are
joining
millions
of
families
who
must
worry
about
interest
rates
，
stock
market
fl
uctuation
，
and
the
harsh
reality
that
they
may
outlive
their
retirement
money.
For
much
of
the
past
year.
President
Bush
campaigned
to
move
Social
Security
to
a
savings-account
model
，
with
retirees
trading
much
or
all
of
their
guaranteed
payments
for
payments
depe
nding
on
investment
returns.
For
younger
families
，
the
picture
is
not
any
better.
Both
th
e
absolute
cost
of
healthcare
and
the
share
of
it
borne
by
families
have
risen-and
newly
f
ashionable
health-savings
plans
are
spreading
from
legislative
halls
to
Wal-Mart
workers
，
with
much
higher
deductibles
and
a
large
new
does
of
investment
risk
for
families‘
future
healthcare.
Even
demographics
are
working
against
the
middle
class
family
，
as
the
odds
of
having
a
weak
elderly
parent-
and
all
the
attendant
need
for
physical
and
financial
as
sistance
have
jumped
eightfold
in
just
one
generation.
From
the
middle-class
family
perspective
，
much
of
this
，
understandably
，
looks
f
ar
less
like
an
opportunity
to
exercise
more
financial
responsibility
，
and
a
good
deal
mo
re
like
a
frightening
acceleration
of
the
wholesale
shift
of
financial
risk
onto
their
already
overburdened
shoulders.
The
financial
fallout
has
begun
，
and
the
political
fallout
may
no
t
be
far
behind.
[421
words]
31.
Today's
double-income
families
are
at
greater
financial
risk
in
that
[A]
the
safety
net
they
used
to
enjoy
has
disappeared.
[B]
their
chances
of
being
laid
off
have
greatly
increased.
[C]
they
are
more
vulnerable
to
changes
in
family
economics.
[D]
they
are
deprived
of
unemployment
or
disability
insurance.
32.
As
a
result
of
President
Bush's
reform
，
retired
people
may
have
[A]
a
higher
sense
of
security.
[B]
less
secured
payments.
[C]
less
chance
to
invest.
[D]
a
guaranteed
future.
33.
According
go
the
author
，
health-savings
plans
will
[A]
help
reduce
the
cost
of
healthcare.
[B]
popularize
among
the
middle
class.
[C]
compensate
for
the
reduced
pensions.
[D]
increase
the
families
investment
risk.
34.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
last
paragraph
that
[A]
financial
risks
tend
to
outweigh
political
risks.
[B]
the
middle
class
may
face
greater
political
challenges.
[C]
financial
problems
may
bring
about
political
problems.
[D]
financial
responsibility
is
an
indicator
of
political
status.
35.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
this
text
？