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教学标题
教学目标
教学重难点
一、词性的分类
1.
名词
noun
n.
student
学生
boy,
morning, bag, ball, class, orange
.
2.
代词
pronoun
pron. you
你
who,
she, it
3.
形容词
adjective
adj.
happy
高兴的
good, right, white,
orange
4.
副词
adverb
adv.
quickly
迅速地
very,
often, quietly, slowly
5.
动词
verb
v.
cut
砍、割
am, is, are, have,
see
6.
数词
numeral
num.
one, two,
three, first, second, third, fourth
7.
冠词
article
art.
a
一个
an, the
8.
介词
preposition
prep. at
在
...
in, on,
from, above, behind.
9.
连词
conjunction
conj. and
和
but,
before .
二、名词
▲
可数名词
是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词
,
如:
box, child,
orange
;
▲
< br>不可数名词
是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。
如:
water, news, oil, population,
information .
1
p>
、英语可数名词的单复数:
英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。<
/p>
1
)名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下
:
重点语法巩固
掌握和运用重点语法知识
语法以及实践练习题
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①在单数名词词尾加
s
。
如:
map
→
maps,
boy
→
boys,
horse
→
horses,
table
→
tables.
②
s,o,x
,sh,ch
结尾的词加
es
.
如:
class
→
classes,
box
→
boxes,
hero
→
heroes,
dish
→
dishes,
bench
→
benches.
[<
/p>
注
]
:
少数以<
/p>
o
结尾的词
,
变
复数时只加
s
。如:
photo
→
photos,
piano
→
pianos.
③以辅音字母加
y
结尾的名词
,
变
y
为
i
,
再加
es
。
如:
family
→
families, city
→
cities,
party
→
parties.
④以
f
或
fe
结尾
的名词
,
变
f
或
fe
为
v
,
再加
es
。如:
shelf
→
shelves,
wolf
→
wolves,
life
→
lives,
knife
→
knives.
2
p>
)
不规则变化:
man
→
men,
woman
→
women, sheep
→
sheep,tooth
→
tee
th, fish
→
fish,
child
→
children,
ox
→
oxen,
goose
→
geese
不可数名词
一般没有复数形式
,
说明其数量时
,<
/p>
要用有关计量名词。
如:
a bag
of rice
→
two
bags
of rice, a piece of
paper
→
three pieces of paper,
a bottle of milk
→
five
bottles of
milk.
2
、
名词所有格:
1
)
名词所
有格
表示所属关系
,
相当于物主代词<
/p>
,
在句中作定语、宾语或主语。
2
)
(1)
表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。
如:
Childern’s Day
(
儿童节
p>
)
, my
sister’s book
(
我姐姐的书
)
(
2)
以
s
或
e
s
结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:
Teachers’
Day
(
教师节
)
(3)
有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词
,
也可在词尾加
’s
.
today’s
newspaper
(
今天的报纸
)
,
ten minutes’
break
(
十分钟的课间休息
)
,
China’s
population
(
中国的人口
)
.
(4)
无
论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词
,
一般均可用介词
of
短语来表示所有关
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系。
a fine
daughter of the Party
(
党的好女儿<
/p>
)
.
3
)①
‘s
还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺
,
如
:
my
aunt’s
(
我阿姨家
),
the
doctor’s
(
诊所
)
②
p>
两人共有某物时
,
可以采用
A and B’s
的形
式
,
如:
Lucy and
Lily’s
bedroom
(
露西
和丽丽合住的卧室
)
③
“
p>
of+
名词所有格
/
名词性物主代词”
,
称为双重所有格
,
如:
a friend of my
father’s
(
我
父亲的一位朋
友
)
, a friend of
mine
(
我的一位朋友
)
即时训练
写出下列名词的复数形式:
box
___________ wife _______ child________ city______
dress _______Englishman ________
match
_______ Chinese ________ zoo ________
exam________ German __________
1. The commander said that two_____
would be sent to the Iraqi front the next
day.
A.
women
’
s doctor B. women
doctors C. women
’
s doctors
D. women doctor
2.
“
Look! The police ______
here to keep order! Go away
quickly,
”
he
shouted.
A. is
coming B. comes C. are coming D. has come
3. She could not speak English, but
made her wishes known by means of _____.
A. signs B.
sighs C. movements D. words
4. In my
opinion, what he told us just now about the affair
simply doesn
’
t make any
_____.
A.
idea B. meaning C. sense
D. point
5. Shelly had prepared
carefully for her English examination so that she
could be sure of passing it
on her
first _____.A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D.
desire
6. ________ food is kept in his
new cave, but at last Saddam was still arrested.
A. Large
quantities of B. A great deal of C. A large number
of D. Quite a few
7.
––
Let
’
s try
operating the machine right now.
––
Wait. Better read the
_____first.
A.
instructions B. explanations C. information D.
introduction
rest of the
magazines________ within half an hour.
A. is sold out B. was sold
out C. were sold out D. are sold out
9.
You
’
d have more _____of
catching the train if you took a bus to the
station instead of walking.
A. opportunity B. chance C.
time D. energy
number of deer,
mountain lions and wild roses________ much if
people leave
things________ they are.
A.
doesn
’
t change; as B.
aren
’
t changed; like C.
don
’
t change; like D.
don
’
t change; as
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11. I knew I
shouldn
’
t accept anything
from such a person, but I found it difficult to
turn down his
_____.
A. offer B. suggestion C.
request D. plan
12.____it is to gather
with President Bush at such a special Thanksgiving
Day in Iraq!
A.
what a fun B. what fun C. how fun D. what joy
13. Oh., John________ you gave us!
A. How a great
surprise B. how pleasant surprise
C. what a pleasant surprise
D. what pleasant surprise
14 He
is________ as a leader but he
hasn
’
t________ in teaching.
A. success;
many experiences B. a success; much experience
C. great
success; an experience D. a great success; a lot
of experiences
15
—
Who did you spend last
weekend with?
—
________.
A. Palmer
’
s B.
The Palmers
’
C.
The Palmers D. The Palmer
’
s
三、冠词
不定冠词
a / an
用在单
数名词的前面
,
a
用在辅音开头的词前
面
;
an
用在元音开头的词的前面。
(1)
表示某一个人或东西
,
但不具体说明何人或何物。如:
There
is
a
dog lying
on
the
ground
.(
有一只狗躺在地上。
)
(2)
表示某类人或事物
,
以区别于其他种类。如:
A
elephant
is
much
stronger
than
a
man.
(
大象比人强壮多了。
)(
不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。
)
(2)
表示某类人或事物中的任何一
个。
如:
He is a teacher of
English.
(
他是英语教师。
)
(4)
表示“一”这个数量。如:
There is a table
and four chairs in that dining-room
.(
p>
在那
个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。
)
(5)
几个用不定冠词的习语:
a
bit
(
一点
),
a
little
(
一点
),
a
few
(
几个
),
a lot
(
许多
),
a kind
of
(
一种
),
a pair
of
(
一副、一双
),
a number
of
(
大量的
),
a piece of
(
一张、一片
),
half
an
hour
(
半小时
),
have
a
good
time
(
玩得开心
),
have
a
cold
(
感冒
),
make
a
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noise
(
发出嘈杂声
),
have/take a (rest
等
)
(
休息
)
一会儿
,
等等。
定冠词
the
定冠词
the
用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
(1)
表示特指的人或事物。如:
The man with a
flower in his hand is Jack..
(
手上拿着一
朵花的男人是杰克
)
(2)
指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:
Look at the
blackboard,Lily.
(
莉莉
,
请看黑板。
)
(3)
复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:
There is a
man under the tree. The man is called
R
obert.
(
树下有个人
,
那个人叫罗伯特。
)
(4)
表示世界上独一无二的事物。
如:
The earth turns around the
sun.
(
地球绕太阳旋转。
)
(5)
用在表示方位的名词前面。<
/p>
如:
There will be strong wind
to the south of the Yangtze
River
.(
长江以南地
区将会刮大风。
)
(6)
在序数词和形容词最高级的前
面。
如:
Who is the first one to
go?
(
谁第一个去?
)
/ Of
all the stars, the sun is
the nearest to the earth.
(
在所
有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近
)
(7)
常用在乐器名称的前面。如:
He began to
play the violin at the age of 5.
(
五岁时他
开始拉小提琴
)
(8)
用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:
I
have
never
been
to
the
Himalaya <
/p>
Mountains
.(
我从来没有去过
喜马拉雅山
)
(9)
用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:
He
is
from
the
United
States
of
America
.(
他来自美利坚合众
国
)
(10)
用在姓氏之前表示一家
人。
如:
The Greens are going to
Mount Emei next month
.(
下
个月格林一家要去峨眉山
)
(11)
same
之前一般用
the
。如:
Lucy and Lily look
the same
.(
露西和莉莉看上
去长得一
样
)
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(12)
几个用定冠词的习语:
at
the
same
time
(
与此同时
),
make
the
p>
bed
(
铺床
),
in
the
end
(
最后
),
all the
time
(
一直
),
< br>by the way
(
顺便说一下
),
on the way
(
在路
上
)
等等。
一些不用冠词的情况:
(1)
p>
专有名词和
(
第一次使用
< br>)
一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。
如:
China is a very large
country.
(
中国是个大国
)
/
Man needs air and
water
.(
人类需要空气和水
)
(2)
名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:
My
pen
is
much
more
expensive than yours.
p>
(
我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了
)
(3)
周
名
,
月
名
或
p>
季
节
名
前
一
般
不
用
。
如
:
He
was
born
on
Monday,
February
18,1995.
(
他出生在
1995
年二月十八日
,
星期一
)
/ They usually plant trees on the
hills in spring.
(
春天他们通常在山上植树
)
(4)
(
第一次使用
)
复数名词表示人或事物
的类别时不用。如:
Men
are
cleverer
than
mon
keys
.(
人比猴子聪明
)
(5)
三餐饭前不用。如:
We have breakfast
at home and lunch at school
.(
我们在家吃
早饭
,
在校吃午饭
)
(6)
节、<
/p>
假日前一般不用。
如:
On
Children’s Day
the boys
often get presents from their
parents
p>
.(
在儿童节
,
这
些男孩经常得到父母的礼物
)
(7)
球类名词前不用。如:
The children play
football on Saturday afternoons
.(
孩子们
星期六下午踢足球
)
(8)
一些习惯用语中不用。如:
at
school
;
in /
after class
;
;
in
bed
;
at / from home
;
at
/ for / to breakfast/lunch
;
at
night/noon/midnight
;
on
foot;
;
go to
school/bed
;
in
hospital
;
on time;
at
first/last/once
;
in
Chinese/English, etc.;
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