英美概况讲义2-1

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I. Early Settlers

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II. Roman Britain

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III. The Anglo-Saxons

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IV. The Viking and Danish Invasions

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V. The Norman Conquest

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1. The Iberians

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2.

The Beaker Folk

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3. The Celts

Lecture 2

：

History of Britain

2

.

1

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The Origins of a Nation

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I. Early Settlers

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Stonehenge is surely Britain's greatest national icon, symbolizing mystery,

power and endurance. Its original purpose is unclear to us, but some have

speculated that it was a temple made for the worship of ancient earth

deities. It has been called an astronomical observatory for marking

significant events on the prehistoric calendar. Others claim that it was a

sacred site for the burial of high- ranking citizens from the societies of

long ago.

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While we can't say with any degree of certainty what it was for, we can

say that it wasn't constructed for any casual purpose. Only something very

important to the ancients would have been worth the effort and investment

that it took to construct Stonehenge.

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The stones are great

And magic power they have

Men that are sick

I. Early Settlers (5000BC-55BC)

Stonehenge

Stonehenge

Fare to that stone

And they wash that stone

And with that water bathe away their sickness

I. Early Settlers (5000BC-55BC)

–

(3) How about their civilization? (What did they bring

with them?)

?

a)

The art of pottery making

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b)

The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronze

tools

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c)

The custom of individual burial

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d) The hill forts (

堡垒

) and small fortified towns (

筑堡城

镇

).

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The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.

–

(4) What was their religion?

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Druidism

（德鲁伊德教），

the Druids

—

the wise men,

astrologers, soothsayers

II. Roman Britain

(55BC

—

410AD)

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1. Roman invasion of Britain

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2. The Hadrian’s Wall

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3. The Roman contribution

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4. Limited Roman influence

II. Roman Britain (55BC

—

410AD)

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the

invasion

was

unsuccessful

because

of

resistance,

the

successful invasion did not take place until nearly a century

–

(3)

In AD 43, Emperor Claudius invaded successfully

–

(4)

For

nearly

400

years

Britain

was

under

the

Roman

occupation, but it was never a total occupation.

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First, as a result of resistance;

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Secondly, Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain

to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.

–

(2) The Romans realized that they could not conquer them. So

they withdrew from the north, and built two great walls, the

Hadrian

‘

s Wall and the Antonine Wall, to resist the attacks.

Hadrian

?

s Wall

哈德良城墙

–

(3)

The Romans made good use of Britain

‘

s natural resources.

They

built

baths,

temples,

amphitheatres

and

beautiful villas.

–

(4) The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to

Britain.

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Roman Baths

The Roman Baths complex is a site of

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‘

s

W

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historical interest in the English city of

Bath. The complex is a very well-

preserved Roman site of public bathing.

Roman Baths

Roman laws, taxes, engineering skills

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Architecture

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Roman social system

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The Latin Language

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System of writing and numbering

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Introduced a system of organized government in towns

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Brought the new religion Christianity to Britain

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