专业英语资料(国际法)

列表。其它因素，如法庭判决和连续性或相邻性原则，也可能在实践中产生重

要影响。

3. Boundaries

A potential cause of dispute between neighbouring States is determination of

territorial boundaries. Ultimately,this will have to be achieved by agreement and

such agreement may often provide for free movement of officials across the

border and joint exploitation of borderland resources. As far as the boundaries

of former colonial territories are concerned, the presumption is that the colonial

borders will continue to be respected and this principle has more recently been

applied in the case of the break up of federal States, as in the case of former

Yugoslavia. There are a number of accepted principles which apply in situations

where a boundary follows the course of a river. The normal rule is that the

boundary will follow the median line. < /p>

邻国之间争端的一个潜在原因是领土边界的确定。最终，这将不得不通过条约

来确定，且这些条约往往会规定官员在边境的自由流动和边疆资源的合作开发

问题。至于前殖民地领土的边界，将采用“保持现状的原则”

，即殖民地的边界

将继续得到尊重，这个原则最近在联邦国家解散的情况下被应用，如前南斯拉

夫的情况。还有一些在特定情形下被采用的原则，如边界遵循河流走向的原则。

正常 的规则是，边界将遵循河流的中间线原则。

4. Judicial settlement

The

best

known

international

judicial

tribunal

is

the

International

Court

of

Justice,which

sits

in

The

ICJ

is

composed

of

15

judges

and

hears

disputes between can also deliver advisory opinions if requested to do so

by

authorised

international

jurisdiction

of

the

court

in

contentious

cases

depends

upon

the

consent

of

the

parties

which

may

be

expressed:

(a)in a special agreement;

(b)in the provisions of a treaty;

(c)by

conduct

following

the

unilateral

initiation

of

proceedings

by

the

applicant;or

(d)by acceptance of the court

’

s compulsory jurisdiction under Article 36(2) of the

Statute of the ICJ (see Norwegian Loans case (1957); Nicaragua case (1986)).

The ICJ also has an incidental jurisdiction and can hear preliminary objections

to

jurisdiction,applications

to

intervene,

and

issue

interim

orders

-

see

the

Lockerbie

case (1993).

The final judgment of the ICJ in contentious cases is binding on the parties

to the dispute.

2.

司法解决

最著名的国际司法机构是国际法院，

它坐落在海牙。

国际法院 由

15

名法官组成，

负责审理国家间争 端。如果有经授权的国际组织要求，它也可以提供咨询意见。

在有争议的情况下，法院的 管辖权取决于当事人意思表达的一致：

（

a

）一个特殊的协议；

（

b

）条约的规定；

（

c

）通过申请人单方面发起的；或

（

d

）通过接受法院根据国际法院规约 第

36

条（

2

）的强制管辖（参见挪威贷款

案（

1957

年）

，尼加拉瓜案（

1986

）< /p>

）

。

国际法 院也有一个附带的管辖权，即针对初步反对主张的管辖权，申请干

预，并发出临时保全措 施——参见洛克比案（

1993

）

。< /p>

国际法院对诉讼案件的最后判决对争端各方都有约束力。

5. Recognition

In international law,much depends upon the extent to which a particular State of

affairs is recognised by the international has therefore been

written about the recognition of State and there have developed two competing

theories.

The constitutive theory provides that every legal system requires that the

subjects of the system are determined with international law,it is

argued that the determination is by State acting severally or this

basis,it is the act of recognition which constitutes a new State.

The declaratory theory suggests that the formation of a new subject of

international law is a matter of fact not law.A new State can,therefore,come into

existence irrespective of whether it has been recognised by existing States.

The majority of writers support the declaratory theory and it would seem to

accord more with present State r,although recognition may have

limited consequences in the international sphere,it remains important at the

municipal level,when questions of whether or not an entity is entitled to the

rights and privileges of a State are to be this context,it is important to

distinguish between the recognition of States and the recognition of

States,while continuing to accord official recognition to new

State,have ceased to formally recognise governments.

在国际法中，关于一个特定的国家在多大程度上可以得到国际社会的承认的问

题，形成了关于国家的承认的两个相互竞争的理论。

构成论 认为每个法律体系要求法律关系的主体要有确定性。在国际法中，

有人认为，是国家各自 或共同行动的决定。在此基础上，它认为承认构成一个

新国家成立的必要要素。