-
CHARTER OF
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
OF THE EUROPEAN
UNION
欧洲联盟基本权利宪章
(2000/C 364/01)
PREAMBLE
前言
The peoples of Europe, in
creating an ever closer union among them, are
resolved to
share a peaceful future
based on common values.
在创设一个前所未有的紧密联盟的
过程，
欧洲人民决意在共同价值上共享一和平
的未来。
Conscious of its
spiritual and moral heritage, the Union is founded
on the indivisible,
universal values of
human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity;
it is based on the
principles of
democracy and the rule of law. It places the
individual at the heart of its
activities,
by
establishing
the
citizenship
of
the
Union
and
by
creating
an
area
of
freedom,
security and justice.
谅察其精神与道德上之传统，欧洲联盟
乃建立在不可分离及普世价值之人性尊
严、自由、平等与团结之上。其系奠基于民主与法
治原则之上。藉由创立欧洲联
盟公民并创造一自由、
安全与正义
之领域，
欧洲联盟认为个人是其各项活动之重
心。
The Union contributes
to the preservation and to the development of
these common
values while respecting
the diversity of the cultures and traditions of
the peoples of
Europe as well as the
national identities of the Member States and the
organisation of
their
public
authorities
at
national,
regional
and
local
levels;
it
seeks
to
promote
balanced and
sustainable development and ensures free movement
of persons, goods,
services and
capital, and the freedom of establishment.
欧洲联盟对于上述共同价值之发展与保存有所贡献，
但是其亦尊重欧洲人民文化
与传统之多元性、
各会员国国民之自我意识及国家、
区域与地方层级之公权力组
织；欧洲联盟欲促进平衡及永续之发展，并确保
人员、货物、服务与资金之自由
流动与创业自由。
To this end, it is
necessary to strengthen the protection of
fundamental rights in the
light
of
changes
in
society,
social
progress
and
scientific
and
technological
developments
by making those rights more visible in a Charter.
为达成此一目的，
且衡酌社会变迁及进步与科技发展之情形，<
/p>
有必要以于一宪章
中将彼等权利加以明示之方式，加强对基本权利
之保障。
This
Charter reaffirms, with due regard for the powers
and tasks of the Community
and the
Union and the principle of subsidiarity, the
rights as they result, in particular,
from
the
constitutional
traditions
and
international
obligations
common
to
the
Member
States,
the
Treaty
on
European
Union,
the
Community
Treaties,
the
European Convention for the Protection
of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms,
the Social Charters adopted by the
Community and by the Council of Europe and the
1
case-law of
the Court of Justice of the European Communities
and of the European
Court of Human
Rights.
基于尊重欧洲共同体与欧洲联盟之权力与职掌及辅助原则之前提，
本宪章再次确
认这些权利，
因为这些权利源
自于会员国共同之宪政传统与国际义务、
欧洲联盟
条约、
欧洲共同体各条约、
欧洲保护人权与基本自由公约、
< br>欧洲共同体与欧洲理
事会所通过之各社会宪章及欧洲共同体法院与欧洲人权法院之
判决。
Enjoyment
of
these
rights
entails
responsibilities
and
duties
with
regard
to
other
persons, to the human community and to
future generations.
对于此等权利之享有，伴随着对他人、人类
社会以及未来世代之责任与义务。
The Union therefore recognises the
rights, freedoms and principles set out hereafter.
欧洲联盟兹此确认以下诸权利、自由与原则。
2
CHAPTER I (
第一章
)
DIGNITY (
尊严
)
Article 1
(
第一条
)
Human
dignity
人性尊严
Human dignity is
inviolable. It must be respected and protected.
人性尊严不可侵犯，其必须受尊重与保护。
Article 2
(
第二条
)
Right to
life
生命权
1. Everyone has the right to life.
人人均享有生命权。
2. No
one shall be condemned to the death penalty, or
executed.
不论何人均不受死刑判决或受死刑执行。
Article 3
(
第三条
)
Right to
the integrity of the person
人身自主权
1. Everyone has the right to respect
for his or her physical and mental integrity.
人人均享有尊重其心理与生理自主之权利。
2. In the fields of medicine and
biology, the following must be respected in
particular:
于医药与生物领域，下列事项应特别受到遵守：
—
the free and informed
consent of the person concerned, according to the
procedures
laid down by law,
依法律规定程序之相关人员之自由且经告知之同意；
—
the prohibition of eugenic
practices, in particular those aiming at the
selection of
3
persons,
禁止基因改造医疗行为，特别是针对人种选择而行之者；
—
the
prohibition
on
making
the
human
body
and
its
parts
as
such
a
source
of
financial gain,
禁止为营利而为人体与器官复制；
—
the prohibition of the
reproductive cloning of human beings.
禁止复制人之行为。
Article 4
(
第四条
)
Prohibition
of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
酷刑与不人道或羞辱之待遇或惩罚之禁止
No
one
shall
be
subjected
to
torture
or
to
inhuman
or
degrading
treatment
or
punishment.
不论何人均不得被施以酷刑或不人道或羞辱之待遇或惩罚
Article 5
(
第五条
)
Prohibition
of slavery and forced labour
奴隶与强制劳动之禁止
1. No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude.
不论何人均不得被处为奴隶或奴役。
2. No one shall be required to perform
forced or compulsory labour.
不论何人均不得被要求施以强制或非自愿性劳动。
3. Trafficking in human beings is
prohibited.
禁止进行人口贩卖。
4
CHAPTER II
(
第二章
)
FREEDOMS
(
自由权
)
Article 6 (
第六条
)
Right to liberty and security
自由与安全之权利
Everyone has the right to liberty and
security of person.
人人均有权享有人身自由与安全。
Article 7 (
第七条
)
Respect for private and family life
个人与家庭生活
Everyone
has
the
right
to
respect
for
his
or
her
private
and
family
life,
home
and
communications.
人人均有权要求尊重其私人与家庭生活、住居及通信。
Article 8
(
第八条
)
Protection
of personal data
个人信息之保护
1. Everyone has the right
to the protection of personal data concerning him
or her.
人人均有权享有个人信息之保护。
2. Such data must be processed fairly
for specified purposes and on the basis of the
consent
of
the
person
concerned
or
some
other
legitimate
basis
laid
down
by
law.
Everyone has the right
of access to data which has been collected
concerning him or
her, and the right to
have it rectified.
此等信息应仅得于特定明确目的，
且于信息所有人同意或其它法律规定之正当
依据下，公平地被处理。人人均
有权了解其个人信息，并有权要求销毁其个人
信息。
3. Compliance with these rules shall be
subject to control by an independent authority.
应由独立之主管机关监督这些原则之确实遵守。
Article 9
(
第九条
)
Right to
marry and right to found a family
结婚权与组织家庭权
5
The right to
marry and the right to found a family shall be
guaranteed in accordance
with the
national laws governing the exercise of these
rights.
结婚权与组织家庭权应依国内法律规定此等权利行使之范围而保障之。
Article 10 (
第十条
)
Freedom of thought, conscience and
religion
思想、良心与宗教自由
1.
Everyone has the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion. This right
includes
freedom
to
change
religion
or
belief
and
freedom,
either
alone
or
in
community with others and in public or
in private, to manifest religion or belief, in
worship, teaching, practice and
observance.
人人均有权享有思想、良心与宗教之自由。此一权利包括改变
宗教或信念之自
由，及不论系独自或于社群中，亦不论系公开或私下，于礼拜、教学、职
业与
仪式中，表达其宗教与信仰之自由。
2. The right to conscientious objection
is recognized, in accordance with the national
laws governing the exercise of this
right.
基于良心而反对之权利应依国内法律行使此一权利之规定而确认之。
Article 11
(
第十一条
)
Freedom of
expression and information
表意与信息自由
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of
expression. This right shall include freedom to
hold opinions and to receive and impart
information and ideas without interference by
public authority and regardless of
frontiers.
人人均有权享有表意自由。此一权利应包括保有意见之自由，与
接收与传递信
息及意见，而不受公权力干预与地域之限制。
2. The freedom and pluralism of the
media shall be respected.
媒体之自由与多元性应受到尊重。
Article 12 (
第十二条
)
Freedom of assembly and of association
集会与结社自由
1.
Everyone
has
the
right
to
freedom
of
peaceful
assembly
and
to
freedom
of
6
association at all levels, in
particular in political, trade union and civic
matters, which
implies the right of
everyone to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his
or her interests.
人人均有权享有和平集会之自由与于各阶层结社之自由，特别是有关政治、工
< br>会与私人事务之集会及结社，
因其包含每个人为保护自我利益而组成或参加工
会之权利。
2.
Political
parties
at
Union
level
contribute
to
expressing
the
political
will
of
the
citizens of the Union.
欧洲联盟层次之政党团体有助于欧洲联盟公民表达政治意愿。
Article 13
(
第十三条
)
Freedom of
the arts and sciences
艺术与科学自由
The arts and scientific research shall
be free of constraint. Academic freedom shall be
respected.
艺术与科学研究不应受限制。学术自由应被尊重。
Article 14
(
第十四条
)
Right to
education
受教权
1. Everyone has the right to education
and to have access to vocational and continuing
training.
人人均享有受教育与接受职业及技职训练之权利。
2. This right includes the possibility
to receive free compulsory education.
此一权利包括接受免费义务教育之机会。
3. The freedom to found educational
establishments with due respect for democratic
principles
and
the
right
of
parents
to
ensure
the
education
and
teaching
of
their
children in conformity with their
religious, philosophical and pedagogical
convictions
shall
be
respected,
in
accordance
with
the
national
laws
governing
the
exercise
of
such
freedom and right.
设立尊重民主原则之教育事业之自由与父母确
保其子女受符合其信仰、
哲学与
学术确信而受教育与训练之权利
，
应依此等自由与权利行使之相关国内法律规
定而得到保障。<
/p>
Article 15
(
第十五条
)
Freedom to
choose an occupation and right to engage in work
职业自由与工作权
1. Everyone has the right to engage in
work and to pursue a freely chosen or accepted
7
occupation.
人人均享有工作与追求自由选择或接受职业之权利。
2.
Every
citizen
of
the
Union
has
the
freedom
to
seek
employment,
to
work,
to
exercise
the right of establishment and to provide services
in any Member State.
欧洲联盟的每个公民均有权享有于任何会
员国受雇、工作、创业与提供服务之
自由。
3.
Nationals
of
third
countries
who
are
authorised
to
work
in
the
territories
of
the
Member States are
entitled to working conditions equivalent to those
of citizens of the
Union.
经允
许而于会员国境内工作之非会员国国民，
有权享有与欧洲联盟公民所享有
之相同劳动条件。
Article 16 (
第十六条
)
Freedom to conduct a business
营业自由
The freedom to conduct a business in
accordance with Community law and national
laws and practices is recognised.
依欧洲共同体法律与国内法令规定之营业自由应予确认。
Article 17
(
第十七条
)
Right to
property
财产权
1.
Everyone
has
the
right
to
own,
use,
dispose
of
and
bequeath
his
or
her
lawfully
acquired
possessions. No one may be deprived of his or her
possessions, except in the
public
interest and in the cases and under the conditions
provided for by law, subject
to fair
compensation being paid in good time for their
loss. The use of property may
be
regulated by law in so far as is necessary for the
general interest.
人人均享有拥有、使用、处分与遗赠其合法取得
财产之权利。除非基于公共利
益，符合法律规定之要件及情况，并于合理期间内适当补偿
损失，不得剥夺个
人财产。法律得于符合公共利益之情况管理个人财产之使用。
2. Intellectual property shall
be protected.
智慧财产权应受到保护。
Article 18
(
第十八条
)
Right to
asylum
庇护权
The right to asylum shall be guaranteed
with due respect for the rules of the Geneva
Convention of 28 July 1951 and the
Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the status
8
of refugees
and in accordance with the Treaty establishing the
European Community.
庇护权应于符合一九五一年七月二十八日日
内瓦公约与一九六七年一月三十一
日关于难民地位议定书及欧洲共同体条约之相关规范下
受到保障。
Article 19
(
第十九条
)
Protection
in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition
移居、驱逐与引渡事件之保护
1. Collective expulsions are
prohibited.
集体驱逐应被禁止。
2. No one may be removed, expelled or
extradited to a State where there is a serious
risk that he or she would be subjected
to the death penalty, torture or other inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.
任何人均不得被移居、驱逐或引渡至一将使其遭受死刑、酷刑与其它非人道与
羞辱待遇与惩罚之严重危险之国家。
9
CHAPTER III
(
第三章
)
EQUALITY
(
平等
)
Article 20 (
第二十条
)
Equality before the law
法律上平等
Everyone is equal before the law.
法律之前人人平等。
Article 21
Non-
discrimination
不受歧视
1. Any discrimination based
on any ground such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or
social
origin,
genetic
features,
language,
religion
or
belief,
political
or
any
other
opinion,
membership
of
a
national
minority,
property,
birth,
disability,
age
or
sexual
orientation shall be prohibited.
任何基于性别、种族、肤色、血源或社会背景、面容外貌、语言、宗教与信念、
政治或任何其它意见、少数族裔成员、财产、出生、残障、年龄或性倾向之歧
视，均应
被禁止。
2. Within the scope of
application of the Treaty establishing the
European Community
and of the Treaty on
European Union, and without prejudice to the
special provisions
of those Treaties,
any discrimination on grounds of nationality shall
be prohibited.
在适用欧洲共同体条约与欧洲联盟条约的范围内，
任何基于国籍之歧视均应被
禁止。
Article 22
(
第二十二条
)
Cultural,
religious and linguistic diversity
文化、宗教与语言多元性
The Union shall respect cultural,
religious and linguistic diversity.
欧洲联盟应尊重文化、宗教与语言之多样性。
Article 23
(
第二十三条
)
Equality
between men and women
男女平等
10
Equality
between
men
and
women
must
be
ensured
in
all
areas,
including
employment, work
and pay.
男女间于包括雇用、劳动与报酬等所有领
域之平等，应受到保障。
The principle of
equality shall not prevent the maintenance or
adoption of measures
providing for
specific advantages in favour of the under-
represented sex.
平等原则不应影响到为少数性别提供特定利益之措
施的施行与采用。
Article
24 (
第二十四条
)
The
rights of the child
儿童权利
1. Children shall have the
right to such protection and care as is necessary
for their
well-being.
They
may
express
their
views
freely.
Such
views
shall
be
taken
into
consideration
on
matters
which
concern
them
in
accordance
with
their
age
and
maturity.
儿童享有受必要保护与照顾之权利。儿童
得自由地表达其观点，此等观点应于
与儿童相关之事务上，依其年龄与成熟度而受到考虑
。
2.
In
all
actions
relating
to
children,
whether
taken
by
public
authorities
or
private
institutions, the
child's best interests must be a primary
consideration.
所有与儿童相关之行为，不论是由公家机构或私人机构
所进行，儿童之最适利
益应为首要考虑。
3.
Every
child
shall
have
the
right
to
maintain
on
a
regular
basis
a
personal
relationship and direct contact with
both his or her parents, unless that is contrary
to
his or her interests.
每个儿
童均享有于一固定期限内维持个人关系及与双亲直接接触之权利，
但其
< br>情形违反儿童之利益者不在此限。
Article 25
(
第二十五条
)
The
rights of the elderly
老人权利
The Union recognises and
respects the rights of the elderly to lead a life
of dignity and
independence and to
participate in social and cultural life.
欧洲联盟确认并尊重老人享有尊严与独立之生活及参与社会及文化生活之权利。
Article 26
(
第二十六条
)
Integration of persons with
disabilities
残障者之公平待遇
The
Union
recognises
and
respects
the
right
of
persons
with
disabilities
to
benefit
from
measures
designed
to
ensure
their
independence,
social
and
occupational
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