中华人民共和国侵权责任法中英文

Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

中华人民共和国侵权责任法

Tort Liability Law of People’s Republic of China

（

2009

年

12

月

26

日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议通过）

(Adopted at the Twelfth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National

People's Congress on December 26, 2009)

目

录

TABLE OF CONTENTS

第一章

一般规定

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

第二章

责任构成和责任方式

CHAPTER II CONSTITUTION OF LIABILITY AND METHODS OF ASSUMING

LIABILITY

第三章

不承担责任和减轻责任的情形

CHAPTER III CIRCUMSTANCES FOR ASSUMING NO LIABILITY AND

MITIGATED LIABILITY

第四章

关于责任主体的特殊规定

CHAPTER IV SPECIAL STIPULATIONS ON LIABLE PARTIES

第五章

产品责任

CHAPTER V PRODUCT LIABILITY

第六章

机动车交通事故责任

APTER VI LIABILITY FOR TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY MOTOR VEHICLES

第七章

医疗损害责任

CHAPTER VII LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY MEDICAL TREATMENT

第八章

环境污染责任

CHAPTER VIII LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

第九章

高度危险责任

CHAPTER IX LIABILITY FOR HIGH HAZARD WORK

第十章

饲养动物损害责任

CHAPTER X LIABILITY FOR HARM CAUSED BY RAISING ANIMALS

第十一章

物件损害责任

1 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

CHAPTER XI LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OBJECTS

第十二章

附则

CHAPTER XII SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISION

2 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

第一章

一般规定

CHAPTER I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

第一条

为保护民事主体的合法权益， 明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进

社会和谐稳定，制定本法。

< br>

Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to protecting the lawful rights and interests

of civil law parties, explicitly defining the tort liability, preventing and punishing torts,

and promoting the social harmoniousness and stability.

第二条

侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。

Article

2

Any

person

who

infringes

on

civil

rights

and

interests

shall

assume

the

tort

liability pursuant to this Law.

本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、 荣誉权、肖像权、隐

私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权 、专利权、商

标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。

rights

and

interests

as

addressed

herein

includes

rights

to

life,

health,

name,

reputation, honor, portrait, privacy, marital autonomy, guardianship, ownership, usufruct,

security

interests,

copyrights,

patents,

exclusive

use

of

trademarks,

discovery,

equity,

inheritance

rights

and

other

rights

and

interests

in

connection

with

the

person

or

the

property.

第三条

被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Article 3 The infringee shall have the right to request the infringer to assume tort liability.

第四条

侵权人因同一行为应当承担行 政责任或者刑事责任的，不影响依法承担侵

权责任。

Article 4 Where the infringer shall assume administrative liability or criminal liability for

the same act, assumption of the aforesaid liability shall not affect the assumption of the

tort liability (if any).

因同一行为应当 承担侵权责任和行政责任、

刑事责任，

侵权人的财产不足以支付 的，

先承担侵权责任。

Where the infringer shall assume the tort liability as well as the administrative liability or

criminal

liability

for

the

same

act,

and

the

infringer's

property

is

not

sufficient

for

the

payment, the tort liability shall be prioritized.

第五条

其他法律对侵权责任另有特别规定的，依照其规定。

Article

5

If

any

other

laws

set

forth

special

provisions

on

the

tort

liability,

those

provisions shall be followed.

3 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

第二章

责任构成和责任方式

CHAPTER II

CONSTITUTION OF LIABILITY AND METHODS OF ASSUMING LIABILITY

第六条

行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益，应当承担侵权责任。

Article 6 If any person, through his own fault,

infringes on other people’s civil rights and

interests, he shall assume the tort liability.

根据法律规定推定行为人有过错，行 为人不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权

责任。

If the person is presumed to be at fault according to the law, and he is unable to prove

that he is not at fault, then he shall assume the tort liability.

第七条

行 为人损害他人民事权益，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权

责任的，依照其规 定。

Article 7 If any person infringes on other people's civil rights and interests, and any legal

provision

specifies

that

he

shall

assume

the

tort

liability,

such

provision

shall

govern,

whether such person is at fault or not at fault.

第八条

二人以上共同实施侵权行为， 造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。

Article 8 If two or more persons jointly commit a tort and cause damages to other people,

they shall bear joint and several liability.

第九条

教唆、帮助他人实施侵权行为的，应当与行为人承担连带责任。

Article

9

Anyone

who

abets

or

helps

another

to

commit

a

tort

shall

bear

the

joint

and

several liability with the one who commits the act.

教唆、帮助无民事行为 能力人、限制民事行为能力人实施侵权行为的，应当承担侵

权责任；该无民事行为能力人 、限制民事行为能力人的监护人未尽到监护责任的，

应当承担相应的责任。

Anyone

who

abets

or

helps

other

people

without

capacity

or

with

limited

capacity

for

civil

acts

to

commit

a

tort

shall

assume

the

tort

liability;

if

the

guardian

of

the

person

without

or

with

limited

capacity

for

civil

acts

fails

to

fully

discharge

his

guardianship

responsibilities,

the guardian shall assume corresponding liability.

第十条

< /p>

二人以上实施危及他人人身、财产安全的行为，其中一人或者数人的行为

< br>造成他人损害，能够确定具体侵权人的，由侵权人承担责任；不能确定具体侵权人

的，行为人承担连带责任。

Article 10 Where two or more persons carry out any act that jeopardizes other people's

personal or property safety, and the act of one or more persons causes damages to other

people,

if

the

specific

infringing

person

can

be

determined,

the

infringing

person

shall

assume liability; if the specific infringing person cannot be determined, all the persons

who commit the act shall bear the joint and several liability.

4 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

第十一条

二人以上分别实施侵权行为 造成同一损害，每个人的侵权行为都足以造

成全部损害的，行为人承担连带责任。

Article 11 If two or more persons commit a tort respectively but cause the same damage,

and if each one's tort is sufficient to cause the entire damage, all the persons who commit

the act shall bear the joint and several liability.

第十二条

二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，能够确定责任大小的，各自

承担相应的责任； 难以确定责任大小的，平均承担赔偿责任。

Article 12 If two or more persons commit a tort respectively but cause the same damage,

and

if

the

degree

of

responsibility

of

each

person

can

be

determined,

then

they

shall

assume

the

liability

correspondingly;

if

the

degree

of

responsibility

of

each

person

is

difficult to determine, then they shall equally assume the liability for compensation.

第十三条

法律规定承担连带责任的， 被侵权人有权请求部分或者全部连带责任人

承担责任。

Article 13 Where any legal provision specifies that the joint and several liability shall be

borne, the infringee shall have the right to request a portion or all of the persons who are

jointly and severally liable to assume the liability.

第十四条

连带责任人根据各自责任大小确定相应的赔偿数额；难以确定责任大小

的，平均承担赔偿 责任。

Article

14

The

respective

compensation

amounts

of

the

persons

to

take

the

joint

and

several liability shall be determined based on their respective degree of responsibility; if

it

is

difficult

to

determine

the

foregoing,

they

shall

equally

assume

the

compensation

liability.

支付超出自己赔偿数额的连带责任人，有权向其他连带责任人 追偿。

If anyone jointly and severally liable pays an amount exceeding his share, he shall have

the recourse against other people jointly and severally liable.

第十五条

承担侵权责任的方式主要有：

Article 15 The main methods of assuming tort liability are as follows:

（一）

停止侵害；

stopping the infringement;

（二）

排除妨碍；

removing the obstacle;

（三）

消除危险；

eliminating the danger;

（四）

返还财产；

returning the property;

（五）

恢复原状；

restoring to original condition or state;

（六）

赔偿损失；

compensating for damage;

（七）

赔礼道歉；

5 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

making an apology; and

（八）

消除影响、恢复名誉。

eradicating effects, and restoring reputation.

以上承担侵权责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。

The

above

methods

of

assuming

tort

liability

may

be

applied

individually

or

in

combination.

第十六条

侵害他人造成人身损害的， 应当赔偿医疗费、护理费、交通费等为治疗

和康复支出的合理费用，以及因误工减少的收 入。造成残疾的，还应当赔偿残疾生

活辅助具费和残疾赔偿金。造成死亡的，还应当赔偿 丧葬费和死亡赔偿金。

Article

16

Any

person

who

harms

other

people

and

causes

personal

injury

shall

be

subject to compensation for medical expenses, nursing expenses, traveling expenses and

other

reasonable

expenses

paid

for

the

purpose

of

treatment

and

recovery,

as

well

as

income reduced due to the loss of labor hours; in case of causing disability, payment shall

be made for disability appliance expenses and disability compensation; in case of causing

death, payment shall be made for funeral expenses and death compensation.

第十七条

因同一侵权行为造成多人死 亡的，可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金。

Article 17 In case of multiple deaths caused by the same tort, compensation for death can

be determined in the same amount.

第十八条

被侵权人死亡的，其近亲属有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。被侵权人为

单位，该单位分立 、合并的，承继权利的单位有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。

Article 18 If the infringee dies, his close family members shall have the right to request

the

infringer

to

assume

tort

liability.

If

the

infringee

is

an

entity,

and

such

entity

is

divided or merged, the entity succeeding to the rights shall have the right to request the

infringer to assume tort liability.

被侵权人死亡的，支付被侵权人医疗费、丧葬费等合理费用的 人有权请求侵权人赔

偿费用，但侵权人已支付该费用的除外。

If the infringee dies, the person who pays

for the infringee's medical expenses, funeral

expenses

and

other

reasonable

expenses

shall

have

the

right

to

request

the

infringer

to

compensate

for

the

foregoing

expenses,

except

for

the

expenses

already

paid

by

the

infringer.

第十九条

侵害他人财产的，财产损失 按照损失发生时的市场价格或者其他方式计

算。

Article 19 In the case of infringing on other people's property, calculation of property loss

shall

be

based

on

the

market

price

at

the

time

of

occurrence

of

such

loss

or

other

methods.

第二十条

侵害他人人身权益造成财产 损失的，按照被侵权人因此受到的损失赔偿；

被侵权人的损失难以确定，侵权人因此获得 利益的，按照其获得的利益赔偿；侵权

人因此获得的利益难以确定，被侵权人和侵权人就 赔偿数额协商不一致，向人民法

院提起诉讼的，由人民法院根据实际情况确定赔偿数额。

Article

20

If

any

person

infringes

on

other

people's

personal

rights

and

interests

and

causes any property loss, compensation shall be made based on the loss suffered by the

6 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

infringee;

if

the

infringee's

loss

is

difficult

to

be

determined

and

the

infringer

obtains

benefits

therefrom,

compensation

shall

be

made

based

on

the

benefits

gained;

if

the

benefits gained by the infringer are difficult to be determined, and the infringee fails to

reach

an agreement

with the

infringer

on

the

compensation

and institutes a proceeding

with

a

pe

ople’s

court,

the

compensation

shall

be

determined

by

the

people’s

court

according to actual situation.

第二十一条

侵权行为危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人可以请求侵权人承担

停止侵害、排除妨 碍、消除危险等侵权责任。

Article 21 If the tort jeopardizes other people's personal or property safety, the infringee

may

request

the

infringer

to

assume

the

liabilities

such

as

stopping

the

infringement,

removing the obstacle, eliminating the danger, etc.

第二十二条

侵害他人人身权益，造成 他人严重精神损害的，被侵权人可以请求精

神损害赔偿。

Article 22 If the infringement on any personal right and interest results in serious mental

injury, the infringee shall have the right to demand compensation for mental distress.

第二十三条

因防止、制止他人民事权 益被侵害而使自己受到损害的，由侵权人承

担责任。侵权人逃逸或者无力承担责任，被侵 权人请求补偿的，受益人应当给予适

当补偿。

Article 23 If a person suffers damages from preventing or stopping the encroachment on

other

people's

civil

rights

and

interests,

the

infringer

shall

assume

the

liability.

If

the

infringer

flees

or

is

unable

to

assume

the

liability,

and

the

infringee

demands

compensation, then the beneficiary shall give appropriate compensation.

第二十四条

受害人和行为人对损害的 发生都没有过错的，可以根据实际情况，由

双方分担损失。

Article 24 If both the victim and the person who commits the act are free of any fault

with respect to the occurrence of damages, the two parties may share the loss in light of

the actual situation.

第二十五条

损害发生后，当事人可以协商赔偿费用的支付方式。协商不一致的，

赔偿费用应当一次性支付；一次性支付确有困难的，可以分期支付，但应当提供相

应 的担保。

Article

25

After

the

occurrence

of

any

damage,

the

parties

concerned

may

conduct

consultation

on

the

method

of

paying

the

compensation.

If

the

consultation

fails,

the

compensation shall be paid in a lump sum; if it is difficult to do so, such compensation

may be paid by installments, subject to the provision of corresponding security.

第三章

不承担责任和减轻责任的情形

CHAPTER III

CIRCUMSTANCES FOR ASSUMING NO LIABILITY AND MITIGATED

LIABILITY

7 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose

第二十六条

被侵权人对损害的发生也有过错的，可以减轻侵权人的责任。

Article

26

Where

the

infringee

is

also

attributable

to

the

damage,

the

liability

of

the

infringer may be mitigated.

第二十七条

损害是因受害人故意造成的，行为人不承担责任。

Article 27 If the damage is caused by the victim intentionally, the person who commits

the act shall assume no liability.

第二十八条

损害是因第三人造成的，第三人应当承担侵权责任。

Article 28 If the damage is caused by a third party, the third party shall assume the tort

liability.

第二十九条

因不可抗力造成他人损害 的，不承担责任。法律另有规定的，依照其

规定。

Article 29 If any damage is caused to other people for the reason of force majeure, no

liability shall be assumed. Where there are otherwise different provisions, such provision

shall govern.

第三十条

因正当防卫造成损害的，不承担责任。正当防卫超过必要的限度，造成

不应有的损害的， 正当防卫人应当承担适当的责任。

Article 30 Anyone who causes harm to another for exercising justifiable defense shall not

be subject to tort liability. If justifiable defense exceeds the limits of necessity and undue

harm is caused, the aggrieved person shall be subject to an appropriate liability.

第三十一条

因紧急避险造成损害的， 由引起险情发生的人承担责任。如果危险是

由自然原因引起的，紧急避险人不承担责任或 者给予适当补偿。紧急避险采取措施

不当或者超过必要的限度，

造成不应有的损害的，

紧急避险人应当承担适当的责任。

Article 31 If harm occurs through emergency actions taken to avoid danger, the person

who gives rise to the danger shall be subject to the liability. If the danger occurs due to

natural causes, the person who takes the emergency actions shall not be subject to any

tort liability

or

shall

be

given

compensation

to

an appropriate extent.

If

the emergency

measures taken are improper or exceed the limits of necessity and undue harm is caused,

the

person

who

takes

the

emergency

actions

shall

be

subject

to

the

liability

to

an

appropriate extent.

第四章

关于责任主体的特殊规定

CHAPTER IV

SPECIAL STIPULATIONS ON LIABLE PARTIES

第三十二条

无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，由监护人

承担侵权责任。监 护人尽到监护责任的，可以减轻其侵权责任。

Article

32

If

a

person

without

capacity

or

with

limited

capacity

for

civil

acts

causes

damages to others, his guardian shall bear tort liability. If the guardian has done his duty

of guardianship, his tort liability may be mitigated.

8 Squire Sanders Translation for Reference Purpose