2018年政府工作报告中英文

―

放管服

‖

改革，加< /p>

快转变政府职能，减少微观管理、直接干预，注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公

五年来，

国务院部门行政审批事项削减< /p>

44%

，

非行政许可审批彻底终结，

中央政府层面核准的企业投资项目减少

90%

，

行政审批中介服务事项压减

74%

，

职业资格许可和认定大幅减少。

中央政府定价项目缩减

80%

，

地方政府定价项目

< br>缩减

50%

以上。

全面改革工商 登记、

注册资本等商事制度，

企业开办时间缩短三

分之一以上。创新和加强事中事后监管，实行

―

双随 机、一公开

‖

，随机抽取检查

人员和检 查对象、

及时公开查处结果，

提高了监管效能和公正性。

推行

―

互联网

+

政务服务

‖

，实施一站式服务等举措。营商 环境持续改善，市场活力明显增强，

群众办事更加便利。

Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based

allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction

costs.

To

address

the

longstanding

issues

of

excessive

emphasis

on

approval

procedures,

insufficient

attention

to

regulatory

processes,

and

a

failure

to

provide

strong

services,

we

have

been

consistently

deepening

reforms

to

streamline

administration,

delegate

powers,

improve

regulation,

and

strengthen

services.

We

have sped up efforts to transform

government functions, reduced micromanagement

and

direct

intervention,

and

done

more

to

improve

macro

regulation,

market

regulation, and public services. Over the past five years, the number of items subject

to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent,

the

practice

of

non-administrative

approval

has

been

completely

put

to

a

stop,

the

number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been

cut

by

90

percent,

intermediary

services

needed

for

obtaining

government

approval

have

been

cut

by

74

percent,

and

the

requirements

for

professional

qualification

approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced. The number of items for

which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local

government-priced

items

have

been

cut

down

by

over

50

percent.

Comprehensive

reforms have swept the business system, including business and capital registration,

reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third. We have developed new

and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of

oversight

combining

randomly

selected

inspectors

who

inspect

randomly

selected

entities

and

the

prompt

release

of

results.

These

efforts

have

made

regulation

more

effective

and

impartial.

We

have

rolled

out

the

Internet

Plus

Government

Services

model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model. Thanks to the above

reforms,

the

business

environment

has

consistently

improved,

the

market

is

more

energized, and people can access government services more easily.

高。

实施创新驱动发展战略，优化创新生态，形成多主体协同、全方位推进的创

新局面。

扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，

改 进科研项目和经费管理，

深化科技

9

成果权益管理改革。支持北京、上海建设科技创新中心，新设

1 4

个国家自主创

新示范区，带动形成一批区域创新高地。以企业 为主体加强技术创新体系建设，

涌现一批具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和新型研发机构。

深入开展大众创业、

万

众创新，

实施普惠性支持政策，

完善孵化体系。

各类市 场主体达到

9800

多万户，

五年增加

70%

以上。国内有效发明专利拥有量增加两倍，技术交易额翻 了一番。

我国科技创新由跟跑为主转向更多领域并跑、

领跑，< /p>

成为全球瞩目的创新创业热

土。

Third,

with

a

commitment

to

innovation-driven

development,

and

a

focus

on

unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our

general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.

We have put into action the innovation- driven development

strategy and worked to

build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple

actors

making

across-the-board

advances.

Research

institutes

and

universities

now

have greater say over their research; research projects and funding are better managed,

and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological

advances has undergone reform. We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building

themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new

national

innovation

demonstration

zones,

thus

creating

a

number

of

regional

innovation

hubs.

With

enterprises

as

the

main

actors,

we

have

boosted

the

development of a system for technological innovation. China has seen the emergence

of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions. We

have

launched

and

taken

bold

moves

in

the

nationwide

business

startup

and

innovation

initiative,

adopted

support

policies

designed

to

benefit

all

entrepreneurs

and innovators, and improved the incubation system. China’s market entities, all types

included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past

five

years.

The

number

of

in- force

Chinese

invention

patents

issued

in

China

has

tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled. In the global race of

scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others

to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas. Our country has

become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.

（四）坚持全面深 化改革，着力破除体制机制弊端，发展动力不断增强。

国企

国资 改革扎实推进，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重组、压减层级、提质增效取得

积极进展。国 有企业效益明显好转，去年利润增长

23.5%

。深化能源、铁 路、盐

业等领域改革。

放宽非公有制经济市场准入。

完善产

权保护制度。< /p>

财税改革取得重大进展，

全面推行财政预决算公开，

构建以共享税

为主的中央和地方收入分配格局，

启动 中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，

中央对地方一般性转移支付规模大幅增加、< /p>

专项转移支付项目减少三分之二。

基

本放 开利率管制，

建立存款保险制度，

推动大中型商业银行设立普惠 金融事业部，

深化政策性、

开发性金融机构改革，

强化金融监管协调机制。

完善城乡义务教育

均衡发展 促进机制，

改革考试招生制度。

建立统一的城乡居民基本养老、

医疗保

险制度，

实现机关事业单位和企 业养老保险制度并轨。

出台划转部分国有资本充

实社保基金方案 。

实施医疗、

医保、

医药联动改革，< /p>

全面推开公立医院综合改革，

取消长期实行的药品加成政策，

药品医疗器械审批制度改革取得突破。

推进农村

10

承包地

―

三权

‖

分置改革、

确权面积超 过

80%

，改革重要农产品收储制度。完善主

< br>体功能区制度，建立生态文明绩效考评和责任追究制度，推行河长制、湖长制，

开 展省级以下环保机构垂直管理制度改革试点。

各领域改革的深化，

推动了经济

社会持续健康发展。

Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken

major

steps

to

remove

institutional

barriers,

thus

steadily

boosting

the

driving

forces

powering

development.

Solid

progress

has

been

made

in

the

reform

of

state- owned

enterprises

(SOEs)

and

state

assets;

the

reform

to

convert

SOEs

into

standard

companies

has

now

basically

been

completed;

and

efforts

to

merge

and

restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency

of

SOEs

have

made

good

progress.

The

performance

of

SOEs

has

been

much

improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent. We have deepened reform

in

sectors

like

energy,

rail,

and

the

salt

industry.

Market

access

to

the

non-public

sector has been expanded. An integrated registration system for immovable property

has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.

Fiscal

and

tax

reforms

have

made

major

progress.

We

have

introduced

the

requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to

the

public,

developed

a

system

based

mainly

on

tax

sharing

for

dividing

revenue

between central

and local

government,

launched the reform

to

define the respective

financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and

significantly

scaled

up

general

transfer

payments

from

central

to

local

government,

while

also

cutting

by

two

thirds

the

number

of

items

for

which

special

purpose

transfer

payments

are

made.

We

have

largely

lifted

controls

on

interest

rates,

established

a

deposit

insurance

system,

encouraged

large

and

medium

commercial

banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and

development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating

financial regulation. We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced

development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination

and

enrollment

systems.

We

have

established

unified

basic

pension

and

health

insurance

schemes

for

rural

and

non-working

urban

residents,

and

brought

government

office

and

public

institution

pension

schemes

into

line

with

enterprise

schemes.

We

have

unveiled

a

plan

for

appropriating

a

share

of

state

capital

to

replenish

social

security

funds.

We

have

carried

out

coordinated

medical

service,

medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms. We have introduced a comprehensive

reform

in

all

public

hospitals,

rescinded

the

policy,

long

in

effect,

of

allowing

hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform

of approval

systems

for

medicine and medical devices. We have pursued reform to

separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen

that

over

80

percent

of

contracted

rural

land

covered

by

this

reform.

We

have

reformed the system

for purchasing and stockpiling important

agricultural

products.

We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation

and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief

and lake chief systems. We have piloted a system placing government environmental

offices

below

the

provincial

level

directly

under

the

supervision

of

provincial-level

11

environmental offices. The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a

boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.

（五）坚持对外开放的基本国策，着力实现合作共赢，开放型 经济水平显著提

升。

倡导和推动共建

―

一带一路

‖

，发起创办亚投行，设立丝 路基金，一批重大互

联互通、经贸合作项目落地。设立上海等

1 1

个自贸试验区，一批改革试点成果

向全国推广。改革出口退税 负担机制、退税增量全部由中央财政负担，设立

13

个跨境电商 综合试验区，

国际贸易

―

单一窗口

‖

覆盖全国，

货物通关时间平均缩短

一半以上，

进出口实现回稳向好。

外商投资由 审批制转向负面清单管理，

限制性

措施削减三分之二。