电池常用术语集锦

电池常用术语集锦

电池常用术语（一）

Battery Glossary

A

～

C

D

～

L

M

～

Q

R

～

Z

A

—

C

Ampere hours (Ah) -

The unit of measure used for comparing the capacity or energy

content of batteries with the same output voltage. For automotive (Lead Acid) batteries the

SAE defines the Amphour capacity as the current delivered for a period of 20 hours until

the cell voltage drops to 1.75 V.

Strictly - One Ampere hour is the charge transferred by one amp flowing for one hour. 1Ah

= 3600 Coulombs.

Battery Management System (BMS) -

Electronic circuits designed to monitor the battery

and keep it within its specified operating conditions and to protect it from abuse during

both charging and discharging.

Battery Monitoring -

Sometimes confused with BMS (above) of which it is an essential

part, these circuits monitor the key operating parameters (current, voltage, temperature,

SOC, etc.) of the battery and provide information to the user.

Bobbin

- A cylindrical cell design utilizing an internal cylindrical electrode and an external

electrode arranged as a sleeve inside the cell container.

C Rate -

C is a value which expresses the rated current capacity of a cell or battery. A cell

discharging at the C rate will deliver its nominal rated capacity for 1 hour. Charging and

discharging currents are generally expressed as multiples of C. The time to discharge a

battery is inversely proportional to the discharge rate.

NC is a charge or discharge rate which is N times the rated current capacity of the

battery where N is a number (fraction or multiple)

CN is the battery capacity in AmpHours which corresponds to complete discharge

of the battery in N hours (N is usually a subscript). Also written as the N-Hour rate.

Capacity -

The electric energy content of a battery expressed in

with the same output voltage also use

Cathode -

The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction takes place, gaining

electrons. During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode. During charge

the situation reverses and the negative electrode of the cell is the cathode.

Cell balancing -

The process used during charging to ensure that every cell is charged to

the same state of charge. Also called

1

?

?

Charge -

The process of replenishing or replacing the electrical charge in a rechargeable

cell or battery.

Charge efficiency -

The ratio (expressed as a percentage) between the energy removed

from a battery during discharge compared with the energy used during charging to restore

the original capacity. Also called the Coulombic Efficiency or Charge Acceptance. See

alternative definition above.

Closed-Circuit Voltage (CCV

闭路电压

) -

The potential or voltage of a battery when it is

discharging or charging.

Constant current charge CC -

A charging scheme which maintains the current through

the cell at a constant value.

Constant voltage charge CV -

A charging scheme which maintains the voltage across

the battery terminals at a constant value.

Current limit -

The maximum current drain under which the particular battery will perform

adequately under a continuous drain.

Cut-off voltage -

The specified voltage at which the discharge of a cell is considered

complete.

Cycle life -

The number of cycles a battery can perform before its nominal capacity falls

below 80% of its initial rated capacity.

D

—

L

Deep cycle battery -

A battery designed to be discharged to below 80% Depth of

Discharge. Used in marine, traction and EV applications.

End-point

voltage

-

(End

voltage,

Cutoff

voltage,

Final

voltage)

截止电压

Specified

closed circuit voltage at which a service output test is terminated.

Depth of discharge DOD -

The ratio of the quantity of electricity or charge removed from

a cell on discharge to its rated capacity.

Discharge capacity -

The amount of energy taken from the battery when discharged at

the rated current and ambient temperature until the discharge end voltage is reached.

Generally expressed in units of Watt hours (or Ampere hours for batteries with the same

voltage).

Discharge rate -

The current delivered by the cell during discharging. Expressed in

Amperes or multiples of the C rate.

2

Discharge voltage -

The voltage between the terminals of a cell or battery under load,

during discharge.

Electrolyte -

A substance which dissociates into ions (charged particles) when in

aqueous solution or molten form and is thus able to conduct electricity. It is the medium

which transports the ions carrying the charge between the electrodes during the

electrochemical reaction in a battery.

End-of-discharge voltage -

The battery voltage when discharge is terminated.

End-of-charge voltage -

The battery voltage when charge is terminated.

Energy density -

The amount of energy stored in a battery. It is expressed as the amount

of energy stored per unit volume or per unit weight (Wh/L or Wh/kg).

Fast charge -

Charging in less than one hour at about 1.0C rate. Needs special charger.

Float charge -

An arrangement in which the battery and the load are permanently

connected in parallel across the DC charging source, so that the battery will supply power

to the load if the charger fails. Compensates for the self-discharge of the battery.

High rate discharge -

Discharge at a current of 2C or more.

IEC -

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global

organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical,

electronic and related technologies.

Initial

（起始电压）

-

< br>

A

battery

＇

s

initial

voltage

is

the

working

voltage

when

discharging begins.

Intelligent battery -

Battery containing circuitry enabling some communication between

the battery and the application or with the charger.

Internal impedance -

Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell. It takes into

account the capacitive effect of the plates forming the electrodes.

Internal resistance

- Resistance to the flow of DC electric current within a cell, causing a

voltage drop across the cell in closed circuit proportional to the current drain from the cell.

A very low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate (high power) cell.

Lithium Ion Cell -

A secondary lithium cell in which both the negative and positive

electrodes are lithium insertion (intercalation) compounds. Also known as rocking chair,

shuttlecock or swing cell.

3

Lithium Polymer Cell -

A lithium ion cell with a solid polymer electrolyte.

M

—

Q

Memory effect -

Reversible, progressive capacity loss in nickel based batteries found in

NiCad and to a lesser extent in Ni-MH batteries. It is caused by a change in crystalline

formation from the desirable small size to a large size which occurs when the cell is

recharged before it is fully discharged.

MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

. Information provided by battery or cell

manufacturers about any hazardous materials used in their products.

Nominal capacity -

Used to indicate the average capacity of a battery. It is the average

capacity when batteries are discharged at 0.2C within one hour of being charged for 16

hours at 0.1C and 20±

5°

C. (or discharge at 0.05C for automotive batteries - SAE)

Definition depends on the conditions. See Ampere Hours Ah above

Nominal voltage -

Used to indicate the voltage of a battery. Since most discharge curves

are neither linear nor flat, a typical value is generally taken which is close to the voltage

during actual use.

NTC -

A thermistor with a negative temperature coefficient, whose resistance decreases

with increasing temperature.

Open circuit voltage OCV -

The voltage of a cell or battery with no load attached

measured with a voltmeter at room temperature.

Operating voltage -

Voltage between the two terminals of the battery with a load

connected.

Over-charge -

Continuous charging of the battery after it reaches full charge. Generally

overcharging will have a harmful influence on the performance of the battery which could

lead to unsafe conditions. It should therefore be avoided.

Open circuit voltage (OCV

开路电压

) -

The voltage of a battery when there is no current

flowing.

Over-current -

Exceeding the manufacturer's recommended maximum discharge current

for a cell or battery.

Over-discharge -

Discharging a battery below the end voltage or cut-off voltage specified

for the battery.

4

Parallel connection -

The connection together of, two or more, similar cells to form a

battery of higher capacity by connecting together all the cell terminals of the same polarity.

Passivation layer -

A resistive layer that forms on the electrodes in some cells after

prolonged storage impeding the chemical reaction. This barrier must be removed to

enable proper operation of the cell. Applying charge/discharge cycles often helps in

preparing the battery for use. In other applications, passivation is used as a method of

shielding a metal surface from attack.

Photovoltaic cell -

A device that directly converts the energy in light into electrical energy.

Also called a photocell, a solar cell or a PV cell.

Positive electrode -

The electrode which has a positive potential. The cathode. Electric

current from this electrode flows into the external circuit.

PTC -

A thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient, whose resistance increases

with temperature.

Quick charge -

Charging in three to six hours at about 0.3C rate. Needs special charger.

R

—

Z

Secondary battery -

A battery which can be recharged and used repeatedly.

Self-discharge -

Capacity loss during storage due to the internal current leakage

between the positive and negative plates.

Series connection -

The connection of, two or more, similar cells in a chain to form a

battery of higher voltage by connecting the positive terminal of each cell to the to negative

terminal of the next cell.

Smart Battery -

An intelligent battery which contains information about its specification,

its status and its usage profile which can be read by its charger or the application in which

it is used.

Solar cell -

A photovoltaic cell. Solar cells convert sunlight energy into electric current.

They do not store energy.

Spiral Wound

- Battery construction in which the electrodes with the electrolyte and

separator between them are rolled into a spiral like a jelly roll (Swiss roll).

State of Charge

- SOC - The available capacity of a battery expressed as a percentage of

its rated capacity.

5

State of Health

- SOH - A measurement that reflects the general condition of a battery and

its ability to deliver the specified performance compared with a fresh battery. It takes into

account such factors as charge acceptance, internal resistance, voltage and

self-discharge. It is not as precise as the SOC determination.

Storage life -

The length of time a cell or battery can be stored on open circuit without

permanent deterioration of its performance.

Traction battery -

A high power deep cycle secondary battery designed to power electric

vehicles or heavy mobile equipment.

Trickle charge -

A continuous charge at low rate, balancing losses through local action

and/or periodic discharge, to maintain a cell or battery in a fully charged condition.

Normally at a C/20 to C/30 rate.

UL -

Underwriters Laboratories Inc - (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit product safety

testing and certification organization based in the USA. UL marking indicates that the

product conforms with the safety standards laid down by Underwriters Laboratories.

UPS -

Uninterruptible Power Supply.

Voltage -

Units of measuring electrical current, all batteries are rated in volts DC. (Direct

Current). This determines how much energy is needed to power your equipment.

Voltage plateau

（电压平台）

-

A slow decrease in voltage over a long period of time. As a

rule, the plateau extends from the first voltage drop at the start of the discharge to the

bend of the curve after which the voltage drops rapidly at the end.

Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/L) -

The energy output per unit volume of a battery.

Volumetric Power Density (W/L) -

The power output per unit volume of a battery.

Watt -

A unit of power, the rate of doing work. Watts = Amps X Volts = One Joule per

second.

WattHours Wh -

A measure of the energy capacity of a battery. The amount of work done

in one hour.

1 Wh = 3.6 kJ.

Working

voltage

（工作电压）

-

The

working

voltage

of

a

cell

or

battery

begins

at

its

electrical connections as soon as an electrical consumer is connected to it.

Capacity(

容量）

-

The capacity of a cell is defined as how many milli-amp-hours (mAh) of

current the cell canstore and subsequently deliver. One milli-amp (mA) is 1/1000th of an

Amp. Somelarger cell capacities are expressed in Amp-hours (Ah).

6

“Rated capacity”

is varies with discharge rate, temperature, and cutoff voltage.

Rated capacity is different from power or energy

Example:

If a cell is rated at 1000 mAh, then it can deliver the following:

1000 mA of current for 1 hour

500 mA of current for 2 hours

200 mA of current for 5 hours

2000 mA of current for 1/2 hour

Energy Density (

能量密度，包括体积比能量 和质量比能量）

-

The energy density of a cell is a measure of how much energy can be stored in the cell per

unit volume or per unit weight.

E (watt-hours) = cell voltage x capacity rating Energy density per unit volume is called the

“volumetric ener

gy

density” and is expressed in

terms of watt-hours/liter (wh/l).

Energy density per unit weight is called the

“gravimetric energy density” and is expressed

in terms of watt-hours/kilogram (wh/kg).These measurements are useful when you are

trying to determine which cell has the most capacity per unit volume or weight.

Ageing

（老化）

-

Permanent loss of capacity with frequent use or the passage of time due

to unwanted irreversible chemical reactions in the cell.

Anode

（阳极）

-

The electrode in an electrochemical cell where oxidation takes place,

releasing electrons.

During discharge the negative electrode of the cell is the anode.

During charge the situation reverses and the positive electrode of the cell is the anode.

Cathode

（阴极）

-

The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction takes place,

gaining electrons.

During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode. During charge the

situation reverses and the negative electrode of the cell is the cathode.

Cycle

（循环）

-

A single charge and discharge of a battery.

Depth of discharge DOD

（放电深度）

-

The ratio of the quantity of electricity or charge

removed from a cell on discharge to its rated capacity.

Internal impedance

（交流内阻）

-

Resistance to the flow of AC current within a cell. It

takes into account the capacitive effect of the plates forming the electrodes.

Internal resistance

（

直流内阻）

-

Resistance to the flow of DC electric current within a cell,

causing a voltage drop across the cell in closed circuit proportional to the current drain

from the cell.

A low internal impedance is usually required for a high rate cell.

7

电池常用术语（二）

序号

首字母

英文

中文

1.

A aging

老化

2.

B battery charger

充电器

3.

black-fleck

黑斑

4.

burst vent

防爆阀

5.

C cap

盖板

6.

capacity density

能量密度

7.

capacity grading

分容

8.

cathode tab welding

极耳超焊

9.

cell

电芯

10.

charge(capacity) retention

荷电（容量）保持

11.

checking code

检码

12.

concave spot

凹点

13.

constant current charge

恒流充电

14.

constant current discharge

恒流放电

15.

constant voltage charge

恒压充电

16.

corrective measures

纠正措施

17.

crack

裂纹

18.

cut-off voltage

终止电压

19.

cycle life

循环寿命

20.

dark trace

暗痕

21.

degrade

降级

22.

dent

凹痕

23.

discharge depth

放电深度

24.

distortion

变形

25.

drape

打折

26.

Electrical and Mechanical Services Department

机电部

27.

electrolyte

电解，电解液

28.

empaistic

压纹

29.

end-off voltage

放电截止电压

30.

environmental friendly

对环境友好

31.

equipment first inspection

设备首检

32.

erode

腐蚀

33.

explosion-proof line

防爆线

34.

filling port

注液孔

35.

first inspection

首检

36.

foil

箔

37.

formation

化成

38.

fracture

断裂

39.

inspection

检验

40.

insulate

绝缘

41.

internal resistance

内阻

8

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

jellyroll

卷芯

joint

接缝，结合点

laser deflecting

偏光

laser reticle

激光刻线

laser welding-flatwise weld

激光焊接

-< /p>

平焊

laser welding- standing weld

激光焊接

-

立焊

leakage

漏液

leak-checking

测漏

leaving out of welding

漏焊

limited charge voltage

充电限制电压

local action

自放电

margin turnly

翘边

measuring the dimension of cells

电芯卡尺寸

meet requirement

达到要求

memory effects

记忆效应

nick

划痕

nominal voltage

标称电压

notice-board confirmation

看板确认

nugget

硬块

obverse

正面

open circuit voltage

开路电压

over charge

过充

over discharge

过放

over the thickness

超厚

particle

颗粒

parallel-plate prismatic design

方形叠片式设计

PE membrane PE

膜

pit

坑点

placing cells into the box

电芯装盒

point inspection

点检

preventive measures

预防措施

pricking the tapes

扎孔

process inspection

制程检验

put the battery piled up

将电芯叠放在一起

qualified products

合格品

quality assurance

质量保证

quality control

质量控制

quality improvement

质量改进

quality match

品质配对

quality planning

质量策划

rated capacity

额定容量

recharge

再充电

refitting the can of cell

电芯壳口整形

requirment

要求

9

86.

reverse

背面，反面

87.

rework

返工

88.

ringing cells into pyrocondensation films

套热缩膜

89.

safety vent

安全阀

90.

sand aperture

砂眼

91.

scar

疤痕

92.

secondary battery

二次电池

93.

self discharge

自放电

94.

select appearance

选外观

95.

sharp-set

批锋

96.

short circuit checking

测短路

97.

smudginess

污物

98.

spirally/cylindrical wound type

圆柱形

99.

spot welding by laser

激光点焊

100.

s

pot welding place

点焊位置

101.

s

praying the code

喷码

102.

s

pur

毛刺

103.

s

teel strap

钢带

104.

s

ticking the PVC cover boards

贴面垫

105.

s

toring

陈化

106.

s

toring with high voltage

高压储存

107.

t

abs deflection

极耳歪斜

108.

t

abs excursion

极耳错位

109.

t

echnics requiment

工艺要求

110.

u

ltrasonic welding

超声波焊接

111.

u

ltrasonic welding strength

超焊强度

112.

u

niformity of the Li-ion Batteries

锂离子电池的一致性

113.

u

nqualified products

不合格品

114.

w

ave

波浪

115.

w

orking procedure

工序

电池常用术语（三）

Alkaline batteries

碱性电池

Capacitor batteries

电容电池

Carbon zinc batteries

碳锌电池

Lead acid batteries

铅酸电池

Lead calcium batteries

铅钙电池

charge voltage

充电电压

charge current

充电电流

charged watt-hour

充电瓦时

charge characteristic

充电特性

charge ampere-hour

充电安时

10

deep cycle endurance