-
Unit 1 Happy Family Life
Part I
Warming up / 1
Part II
All you need is love? / 4
Part III
First meetings / 9
Part IV
A Valentine story /
12
Unit 2 Shaping and Reshaping
Personality
Part I Warming up / 15 Part
II Self-esteem / 19
Part III How to
deal with depression and anger? / 22 Part IV Short
talks on listening skills / 25
Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean
?Outlining
Unit 3 All Can Succeed
Part I
Warming up / 27
Part II
The road to success
/ 30
Part III
Good better
best / 34
Part IV Language study and
language appreciation / 38
Unit 4
Getting Ready for the Future Career
Part I
Warming up / 41
Part II
Painting for pay /
46
Part III
Choosing a
career / 49
Part IV
My pet
hate / 52
Unit 5 Creative Minds
Part I Warming up / 55 Part II
Scientists of the millennium (I) / 60 Part III
Scientists of the
millennium (II) / 63
Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 66
Letting Things
Go
桽
peed and Vocabulary
Unit 6 Its Great to Be a Champion
Part I
Warming up / 68
Part II
They are the
champion! / 72
Part III
Luck
in the hat / 76
Part IV
Language study and language
appreciation / 79
Unit 7 Leisure Time
Part I
Warming up / 82
Part II
Mozart's music still
alive today / 86
Part III
The man with the horn / 89
Part IV
Bank Holiday DIY /
92
Unit 8 Everybody Can Help the
Environment
Part I Warming up / 94
Part II Campaign California Re-Leaf /
97
Part III PBS
梐
biodegradable plastic product / 100
Part IV Short talks on listening skills / 102
The
Unit 9 News I: Disasters
Part I
Warming up / 104
Part II
News items / 108
Part III
Torrential storms
in Kenya / 111
Part IV
Language study and language
appreciation / 114
Unit 10 News II:
Health
Part I
Warming up /
117
Part II
Hand washing /
123
Part III
Lifestyle &
environmental factors vs cancers / 125
Part IV
Doctors on the
Internet / 127
Unit 11 News Ilk
Part I
Warming up / 131
Part II
Astronomers discover
solar system / 136
Part III
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory / 137
Part IV
Language study and
language appreciation / 139
Uit t 12
Dictation / 141 Vocabulary /147
isii
Part
Happy Family Life
Warming up
Key
words: family name
age
Vocabulary:
architect Wales
Supply the missing information about
the Porter family according to what you hear.
Family Tree
Name: Susan Age: 48
Name:
John Porter Age: 53
Name: James Porter
Age: 24
Tapescript;
The Porter
Family
Mr. William Porter
is very old. He's 87. And Mrs Catherine Porter is
80. Mr Porter is from
Wales. John
Porter and Mary are brother and sister. John
Porter is 53 and he's a lawyer. His
wife Susan is 48, and she's an
architect. James Porter and Joan Lee are cousins.
James Porter
is 24 and Joan Lee is 17.
Key words:
dates specific protect talk understand
respect
Vocabulary:
fatigue / foxhole /
distracted / abuse
You
are
going
to
hear
some
ideas
that
may
help
make
a
marriage
work.
Listen
carefully.
Complete
the
following
seven
tips,
and
decide
whether
you
agree
or
disagree
with
the
speaker. Check the
appropriate box.
Tips for a happy
marriage
Agree Disagree
j Go
on dates uith each other. Renew romantic feelings
by spending special time together.
Be
as specific as you can vhen you complain, make a
re-quest, or offer praise.
When stressed by fatigue or your oiun
insecurities, y imagine you and your partner in a
foxhole, surrounded by danger. Instead
of striking, out at your partner, find a way to
protect
the partnership!
^
When you feel
Be assured
that partners in alt marriages sometimes get
tired, irrital>le, or
distracted. Work together to under-stand each
other.
Respect each other.
Leave if danger exists. Find profes-
signal help if physical, sexual,
emotional, or verbal abuse occurs.
Fight to
Tapescript;
Here are a few general ideas I believe
help make a marriage work;
Go
on
dates
with
each
other.
Renew
romantic
feelings
by
spending
special
time
together.
Be as specific as you can when you
complain, make a request, or of-fer praise.
When stressed by fatigue or your own
insecurities, imagine you and
your
partner in a foxhole, surrounded by danger.
Instead of striking out at your partner, find
a way to protect the partnership!
When you feel
Be
assured
that
partners
in
all
marriages
sometimes
get
tired,
irritable,
or
distracted.
Work together to
understand each other.
Respect
each
other.
Leave
if
danger
exists.
Find
professional
help
if
physical,
sexual,
emotional, or verbal
abuse occurs.
Fight to
Key words:
losing
attest / excel / reside in
/ configuration / spouse
Here is a
passage about how to excel in the art of domestic
argument. Supply the missing
words
while listening.
Tapescript:
Having been married for
more than 40 years, I can attest to the truth of
the following
statement: To excel in
the art of domestic argument, one must master the
art of losing.
Modern
psychologists
are taken with
the
in
marriage, success
resides
more
in
solutions.
Out
of
these,
both
parties
can
win.
For
in
the
love
configuration, losing
gives a gift that always returns.
The issues that people argue over most
in marriage, such as how to spend money, often
aren't the real ones. The key issue is:
Who is going to be in control? When I was younger,
my
need to control arose out of fear, a
lack of trust, insecurity. The day I finally
realized I didn't
need to control my
wife
梩
hat, indeed, I ought
not to control her, that I couldn't control her,
and that if I tried to, I would destroy
our marriage ?was the day our marriage began.
What is it we want most
from a marriage? To love and be loved. To be happy
and secure.
To
grow
to
discover.
A
love
relationship
is
the
gar-den
in
which
we
plant,
cultivate
and
harvest the most
precious of crops, our own self, and in which our
spouse is provided the
same rich soil
in which to bloom.
Part JJ
We cannot obtain what we want unless
our partner also gets what he or she wants. So
remember; if you want to feel loved and
respected, give up control.
All you
need is love?
Key words:
social backgrounds race ethnic religion
Vocabulary:
pre-industrial
/ propose / criterion
You are going to
hear a report on how people in different parts of
the world choose their
mates.
A1 Before listening, think
about some of the qualities you would look for in
a mate.
A2 As you listen, try to write
down the three main criteria people usually
maintain for choosing a
mate. 1: Having similar social backgrounds. 2:
Having the same
race or same ethnic
background. 3: Having the same religion.
A3 Listen again. Answer the questions.
Why does the speaker say
that some of the past practices related to
marriage customs
are weakening?
Japan / 9. 2% / arranged
marriages
Why does the
speaker say that the races are still largely
separate in marriage in the U.
S. ?
3% / between blacks and
whites
Tapescript;
Many people in Western cultures choose
their own wives and hus-bands. In many other
cultures, spouses are often chosen by
the parents. In China and Japan before this
century (20
th century) , upper-class
mar-riages were arranged by the older males. In
many cultures in
the Middle East, Asia,
and pre-industrial Europe, the man's family
negotiated a
with the woman's family;
the man's family was expected to pay it. In Hindu
India, the bride's
family
paid
a
groom's
price
the
family
of
the
man. These
customs
are
weakening;
for
instance, only 9.2 percent of Japanese
marriages are now arranged.
What
are
the
criteria
for
choosing
mates?
Most
marriages
梬
hether
arranged
by
families
or
occurring
from
personal
attraction
or
love
梐
re
based
on
similar
social
backgrounds. In other
words, the man and the woman come from the same
social class (or
else a class that is
only slightly higher or slightly lower). Among
many people in Egypt,
key
members of the man's family must go to
the family of the woman and propose mar-riage.
These family members must be able to
show that the man's family is at least of the same
social class as the woman and that a
certain amount of money exists to allow the
marriage to
go forward.
Having the same race or the same ethnic
background is the second main criterion for
marriage throughout the world. In the
U. S. , where there are many different races, only
3
percent
of
all
marriages
are
between
blacks
and
whites,
meaning
that
the
races
are
still
largely separate in marriage.
In
many
countries,
marriage
is
also
based
on
the
woman
and
man
having
the
same
religion; this is a third common
criterion for choosing a mate. In cultures in
which religion is a
very strong value,
marriages would often not take place if there were
religious differences.
Key
words:
physical appearance
fall in love loving somebody
Vocabulary:
sustain / differentiate
Barbara Cartland
Listen to a dialogue that discusses
personal and family relationships.
Complete the following main ideas
expressed by the second speaker.
Unfortunately, perhaps in the initial
stages it's the physical appearance that attracts.
In fact it shouldn't be
what somebody looks like that is important. You
should be able to
look beyond the
physical appearance and see what sort of a person
he or she is.
In
pop
songs
and
magazines
and
newspapers
and
so
on,
the
idea
of
falling
in
love
is
always
emphasized.
?In
fact
I
think
we
can
proba-bly
lay
there
the
blame
for
the
high
percentage of divorces.
I think you have to
differentiate between falling in love with
somebody, which I see as
more
superficial,
and
loving
somebody,
which
I
see
as
a
deeper
emotion
and
one
that
perhaps lasts.
Tapescript;
A: What do you think it is that
attracts people to each other, that makes people
want to
be together?
B:
I
think
that
perhaps
unfortunately
in
the
initial
stages
it's
the
physical
appearance
that
attracts.
I
think
unless
you
find
somebody
attractive,
unless
there's
something
about
them
梚
t could only
perhaps be the way they smile or they laugh, or a
twinkle in their eye, or
the way a curl
falls over their forehead. But something like that
has to make you interested
enough to
find out more about that person, unless that's
there I think you just don't bother.
So
initially physical attraction 1 think is all-
important.
A: Why do you
say
B:
Because
in
fact
it
shouldn't
be
what
somebody
looks
like
that
is
im-portant.
You
should be able to look beyond the
physical appearance and see what sort of a person
he or
she
is, whether
they're
selfish
or selfless,
whether
they're
kind,
caring. But
I think
initially
you're not
bothered with that. That comes perhaps later.
A: In pop songs and
magazines and newspapers and so on, the idea of
falling in love is
always emphasized,
so people have this idea that you have to fall in
love. Do you think this is
misleading
for people? Do you think people expect something
that in fact doesn't exist?
B:
Yes
I
do,
in
fact
I
think
we
can
probably
lay
the
blame
for
the
high
percentage
of
divorces
梚
t's a
third I think now, isn't it? I think one in three
people get divorced. Probably
as far as
I can see it, the reason is that they go into
marriage or into a relationship with a very
romantic view of love which I think has
been created by the pop songs, by all the love
stories,
by the Barbara Cartland
novels, etc. , that young peo-ple read. Really,
you meet someone,
you fall in love, and
that's it, it's the beginning, they live happily
ever after. And I think that's
the
problem, because people just expect that, and it's
not like that. A: So what is it, do you
think, that really sustains a
relationship, that
keeps a relationship
going? B: Well, 1 think you have to differentiate
between falling in love
with
somebody,
which
I
see
as
more
superficial,
and
loving
somebody,
which
1
see
as
a
deeper
emotion
and
one
that
perhaps
lasts.
Falling
in
love
is
superficial
attraction,
being
attracted to somebody
physically, having fun together, whereas loving
somebody I think is an
emotion
that
grows,
it
comes
with
shared
experiences,
perhaps
enjoying
doing
the
same
things
together, shared hobbies, shared interests,
suffering together as well, going through
the bad times, helping each other,
supporting each other. I think all that needs time
to grow,
and I'd call that love, and I
think that's what makes a relationship last.
Key words:
Vocabulary:
vow / upper portion /
designer clothing
Now you are going to
hear some views on men's
the summary.
Summary
For
years men and women have been getting married.
When a man and a woman get
married, it
is one of the biggest decisions they will make in
life. A man may select a woman
because
he, in his own eyes, sees her
as the
Every
man
has
his
own
definition
of
what
the
wife
is.
For
instance,
the
millionaire man and the poor man both
may define their
physical qualities but
use different words. Although some men define the
her
physical
qualities,
other
men
describe
their
wife
by
her
athletic
quali-ties.
Both the
outdoors man and the inside sportsman may define
their
sports qualities but in two
different atmospheres. Men from all nationalities
also have their
definitions
of
the
wife.
But
the
Italian
man's
definition
is
different
from
the
French
man's.
And
similarly,
the
German
man's
definition
is
different
from
the
Spanish
man's.
Tapescript;
For
years
men
and
women
have
been
getting
married.
They
say
their
wedding
vows
which bring them
together as one. They promise to love and cherish
each other until death
do them part.
When a man and a woman get
married, it is one of the biggest deci-sions they
will make
in life. A man may select a
woman because he, in his own eyes, sees her as the
wife for him. Every man has his own
definition of what the
the million-aire
man and the poor man both may define their
her physical qualities.
A millionaire may describe his
and
well
developed.
On
the
other
hand,
a
poor
man
may
define
his
wife
as
pleasing,
attractive,
desirable,
knowl-edgeable,
and
shapely.
Both
men
describe
their
Although
some
men
define
the
wife
by
her
physical
qual-ities,
other
men
describe their
define his
whereas
the
inside
sportsman
may
define
his
wife
as
a
woman
who
enjoys
watching
football,
basketball,
baseball,
and
wrestling.
Both
of
these
men
define
their
mospheres.
Men from all nationalities
also have their definition of the
the
Italian
man
describes
his
woman
as
a
woman
who
stands
six
feet
one
inch
tall
with
blonde hair and blue eyes, and who is
well developed in the upper portion of her body.
On
the other hand, the French man may
describe his ideal woman as a woman who stands
only
five feet three inches with brown
hair and green eyes, and who is moder-ately built.
Other
nationalities,
such
as
the
German
man
and
the
Spanish
man,
may
define
their
as a woman who likes to
drive expensive sports cars, a woman who visits a
different foreign
country every month
and wears only the most expensive designer
clothing. But the Spanish
man
may
define
his
wife
as
a
woman
who
enjoys
giving
dinner
parties
every
weekend, wearing a lot
of jewelry, and drink-ing expensive wines.
Part
First meetings
Key words:
baseball diamond pizza fancy-dress
party film river
Vocabulary:
frizzly / yearbook / platonic / hit it
off / chap / trip over
You are going to
hear five people talking about their first
meetings.
A Before listening, read and
consider the following questions.
How
easy
is
it
in
your city
for young men and women
to
meet
and
spend time
alone
together?
At what age do young men and women
usually begin to date with each other
At what
age
is
it
customary
for
people
to
get married
and
how
long
do
engagements
last?
What do
you think of the
What do
you think of the arranged marriages?
B
Listen
to
five
people
describing
their
first
meetings
with
their
present
partners.
Listen
carefully and take notes in the
following chart.
Tapescript;
Ka
Kate Ke
桲
erry
Co
桟
oralyn
J
桱
ill
Ca
桟
arole
Ka: I was on my way home
from junior high and in order to get to my house
you have to
walk by this baseball
diamond. And there was a game of baseball going on
and it looked kind
of interesting, so I
stopped. There weren't very many people watching.
And there was this
guy and he wasn't
really very good-looking, but he had frizzly hair
and glasses and he was
really funny. He
did this kind of mono-logue thing, which was
great. And I went home and I
told my
mother I was going to marry him after talking to
him for half an hour. And when I got
to
high school, he was president of the student body
and he asked me out and. . . we've got
our picture in the yearbook together
holding hands, and it's really nice.
Ke: Well, I'd arranged to have a drink
with a . . . friend of mine . . . a ... a woman
friend
of mine who's a platonic friend
of mine. And she . . . insisted on bringing this
friend of hers
which . . . who she said
I'd like to meet and ... I thought she was trying
to fix us up
and I said,
And
. . . after the wine bar we went to . . . to have
a pizza and we all got . . . had a few more
drinks and ... the other woman who . .
. ended up ordering a pizza that had a bunch of
stuff
on it that I really liked and she
... I ordered a pizza that had a bunch of stuff on
it that she
really liked, so we picked
at each other's pizzas all night and we realized
that we were. . . sort
of had an ideal
relationship, so that we could order re-ally any
pizza on the menu and . . .
we'd both
be happy. And . . . anyway we ended up living
together and still are.
Co;
Um
...
we
met
at
a
party
and
it
was
a
fancy-dress
party.
A
friend
of
mine's
twenty-
first
and
it
was
quite
big
and
I
went
dressed
as
Al-ice
in
Wonderland
and . . .
this
person,
this
guy
that ...
I
married
was
dressed
as
the
Cheshire
Cat.
And
it
just
seemed
so
amazing
that,
you
know,
we
were
both
from
the
same
thing
and
we
started chatting
and
ended up being together.
J: Well ... I'd arranged to
go to the cinema with a group of friends and . . .
unfortunately I
missed the train that
would have got me to the cinema on time, so all my
friends had gone in
and I was left
standing outside
梩
he film had
started. So I wasn't allowed in. And . . . there
was a chap outside, he'd also missed
the film and we started to talk and ... we talked
quite a
bit and he said,
the
Odeon.
Ca; I . . . I first
met my partner . . . when he was on a boat and I
was on the river bank,
standing and
looking generally into the distance and he was
coming in to land with his boat
and
he
threw
me
a
rope
and
said,
you
mind
catching
this?
and
I
caught
it
and
missed and tripped over it and fell in
the river and he had to dive in and res-cue me.
And that
was it!
Part III I jf First meetings I
Part |Y
A
Valentine story
Key words:
correspond romance first meeting red
rose test wisdom
Vocabulary:
intrigue /
insightful / budding / lapel / provocative / tuck
/ plump / thrust / uphold / grip /
square / salute
A Listen to the first part of a
Valentine story, then write an ending for the
story.
B Now listen to the
last part of the story. Fill in the blanks with
the words you hear and
make a
comparison between the ending you designed and the
one you heard.
I squared my
shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the
woman, even though
while
I
spoke
I
felt
choked
by
the
bitterness
of
my
disappointment:
Lieutenant
John
Blanchard, and you must be Miss
Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I
take you to
dinner?
son,
to
wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you
were to ask me out to dinner, I should go
and tell you that she is waiting for
you in the big restaurant across the street. She
said it was
some kind of
test!
Tapescript:
John Blanchard stood up from the bench,
straightened his army uni-form, and studied
the crowd of people making their way
through Grand Central Station. He looked for the
girl
whose heart he knew, but whose
face he didn't, the girl with the rose. His
interest in her had
begun
thir-teen
months
before
in
a
Florida
library.
Taking
a
book
off
the
shelf
he
found
himself
intrigued, not with the words of the book, but
with the notes penciled in the m;irgin.
The soft handwriting reflected a
thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front
of the book,
he discovered the pre-
vious owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell.
With time and effort he
located her address. She lived in New York City.
He wrote her a
letter
introducing
himself
and
inviting
her
to
corre-spond.
The
next
day
he
was
shipped
overseas for service in World War II.
During the next year and one month the two grew to
know
each
other
through
the
mail.
Each
letter
was
a
seed
falling
on
a
fertile
heart.
A
romance
was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but
she re-fused. She felt that if
he
really cared, it wouldn't matter what she looked
like. When the day finally came for him
to
return
from
Europe,
they
scheduled
their
first
meeting?:00
p.
m.
at
the
Grand
Central
Station in New York.
my
lapel.
face he'd never seen. I'll let
Mr Blanchard tell you what happened.
A young woman was coming toward me, her
figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay
back in curls from her delicate ears.
Her eyes were as blue flowers. Her lips and chin
had a
gentle firmness, and in her pale
green suit
she was like spring time
coming alive. I started
toward her,
entirely forgetting to notice that she was not
wearing a rose. As I moved, a small,
provocative
smile
curved
her
lips.
my
way,
sailor?
she
murmured.
Almost
uncontrollably I made one step closer
to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was
standing
almost directly behind the
girl. A
Part IV A Valentine story
woman well past 40, she had graying
hair tucked under a worn hat. . . She was more
than
plump,
her
thick-ankled
feet
thrust
into
low-
heeled
shoes.
The
girl
in
the
green
suit
was
walking quickly away.
I felt as though I was split into two,
so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so
deep
was my longing for the woman whose
spirit had truly companioned me and upheld my own.
And there she stood. Her pale plump
face was gentle and sensible, her gray eyes had a
warm
and kindly twinkle. I did not
hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue
leather copy of
the book that was to
identify me to her. This would not be love, but it
would be something
precious, something
perhaps even better than love.
I squared my shoulders and saluted and
held out the book to the woman, even though
while
I
spoke
I
felt
choked
by
the
bitterness
of
my
disappointment;
Lieutenant
John
Blanchard, and you must be Miss
Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I
take you to
dinner?
son,
to
wear this rose on my coat. And she said if you
were to ask me out to dinner, I should go
and tell you that she is waiting for
you in the big restaurant across the street. She
said it was
some kind of
test!
Shaping and Reshaping Personality
Warming up
Key words:
constellation months dates Vocabulary:
Part J
constellation /
Taurus / Virgo / Capricorn / Pisces / Aquarius /
Leo / Cancer / Aries / Gemini /
Sagittarius / centaur / Scorpio / Libra
Column B
The
constellations
are
totally
imaginary
things
that
poets,
farmers
and
as-tronomers
have
made
up
over
the
past
6,000
years
and
probably
even
more.
Listen
to
the
following
information about 12 constellations and
match Column A with Column B.
Column A
VIRGO
TAURUS
SCORPIO
SAGITTARIUS
PISCES
LIBRA
LEO
GEMINI
CAPRICORN
CANCER
ARIES
AQUARIUS
January
21
桭
ebruary 19
February 20
桵
arch
20
March 21
桝
pril
20
April 21
桵
ay 21
May 22
桱
une 21
June 22
桱
uly 22
July 23
桝
ugust 22
August
23
桽
eptember 23
September
24
桹
ctober 23 j. October
24
桸
ovember 22
k.
November 23
桪
ecember 21 1.
December 22
桱
anuary 20
1?h) 2?d) 3?j) 4?k) 5?b) 6?i) 7?g) 8?e)
9?1) 10?f) 11?c) 12?a)
Tapescript:
TAURUS April
21
桵
ay 21 , represented by a
bull
VIRGO August
23
桽
eptember 23, represented
by a young woman
CAPRICORN December
22
桱
anuary 20, represented by
a goat
PISCES February
20
桵
arch 20, represented by
two fish
AQUARIUS January
21
桭
ebruary 19, represented
by the water-bearer
LEO July
23
桝
ugust 22, represented by
a lion
CANCER June
22
桱
uly 22, represented by a
crab
ARIES March
21
桝
pril 20, represented by a
ram
GEMINI May
22
桱
une 21 , represented by
twins
SAGITTARIUS November
23
桪
ecember 21 , represented
by a centaur (= half human and
half
horse) shooting an arrow
SCORPIO
October 24
桸
ovember 22,
represented by a scorpion
LIBRA September
24
桹
ctober 23, represented by
a pair of meas-uring scales
Key words:
personality survey aggressive selfish
kind patient jealous
Vocabulary:
aggressive / raise the roof
In the following short dialogue, a man
is trying to help a woman do a per-sonality
survey.
Listen carefully and complete
the survey below by putting checks where proper.
Aggressive Selfish Kind Patient Jealous
Tapescript:
W:
Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality
survey. It'll be fun. M: Oh, I don't know . . .
W; Oh, come on . . . OK, here's the
first one ?what should I put for
M: Yeah, sure. Look at the
way you drive!
W: Well, OK, so I'm a
very aggressive driver . . . but . . . you have to
drive like that in this
city, or you're gonna be hit, because . . . M: Uh
. . . what's the next
one? W;
W: Really? Well, . . . maybe just a
little ... I mean, a lot of people are, right?
Just a little bit?
You know, I mean, I
try to think of other peo-ple, but sometimes I do
just think of myself, I
guess. M: OK,
OK, so put
M: But you can put
M: Yes. Don't you think you're an
extremely kind person? W: I am? OK, if you say so.
Oh, look
at this next one. M: Oh,
M: Hmm ... I don't know. Sometimes you
can be really patient, but other times you're not
patient at all. Like remember that time
in line at the supermarket when you got. . . W:
OK,
OK. I get your point. I'll put
W:
Next
one . . .
I
guess
I'm
sort
of
jealous . . .
M:
Sort
of?
I'd
put
Remember how
angry you got when my ex- girlfriend called the
other day? 1 thought you're
gonna raise
the roof . . .
W: All right, all right.
Oh, OK, what's the next one? That's
all. That's all?
Yeah. But
now it's your turn. Key words:
business
successful a lost wallet movie shopping
Vocabulary:
smart /
identification
Now
listen
to
three
conversations.
Check
the
two
adjectives
that
best
de-scribe
George,
Karen, and Pam.
George
Karen
Pam
Typescript:
George
W
梂
oman
G
桮
eorge
W: So what are you going to
do after you graduate, George?
G: I'm going to start my own business.
W: Oh, really? What type of
business?
G: Well, I
haven't decided yet, but I know I'll be successful
in anything I do. In fact, I'm
going to
be one of the top business people in town in less
than five years. Just wait and see! I
have everything it takes?I'm smart, I
can organize people. And I'm full of ideas that
can make
money.
Karen
M: W: M: W-
c
K
桲
aren
K: Hey! Look at this wallet
on the sidewalk. Wow! There's lots of mon-ey in it
.. . but no
identification. Mmm ... I
wonder how I can find the owner? I guess I'll take
it to the police
station and see if
anyone's reported a lost wallet.
3. Pam
M
桵
an
M: What are you doing tonight, Pam?
P: Well, I was supposed to meet Bill
after work for a movie, but I don't
feel like going. I think I'll go
shopping instead. M: Won't Bill get mad?
P: Oh, I'm sure he can find something
else to do. M; Oh?
P: Besides, I really
need some new clothes. I haven't bought any for
Part
nearly a
month! M: Huh!
Self-esteem
Key words:
self-esteem respect ability value tests
observations active express ideas relations with
other
people love
Vocabulary:
P
桺
am
investigate / self-esteem / observation
/ harsh / democratic
In
this
part
you
are
going
to
hear
a
science
report
on
self-esteem.
Listen
carefully
and
complete the experiment
report.
Experiment Report
Project; the development of self-esteem Subjects;
young boys
Procedure:
testing (what?) : measure
the boys' abilities and how they felt about their
own abilities
dividing
(how?)
-.three
groups
?those
with
high
self-
esteem/middle
self-esteem/low
self-esteem
follow-up study (where and when?): in
all situations ?at home/at work/in school/with
friends
Observations: the behavior of the boys
boys
with
high
self-esteem:
active/able
to
express
ideas/successful
in
school
and
in
relations with other
people/creative/led in discussions/ interested in
world problems/seldom
tired or sick
boys
with
middle
self-esteem;
like
the
boys
with
high
self-
esteem/ex-press
ideas
freely/saw the world as a good and
happy place/not sure of their own value
boys with low self-esteem;
sad most time/afraid to start activities/felt no
love/couldn't
express ideas/afraid of
anger/no talk in discussion
Findings:
1.
Three groups of boys act differently.
Tapescript;
Scientists have learned a great deal
about the parts of brain and their functions. They
have also studied the development of
the personality, for
example, how a
baby learns to love. In recent studies at two
universities in the United States,
scientists have investigated the
development of self- esteem.
Self-esteem
is
the
respect
a
person
has
for
himself,
his
belief
in
his
ability
and
in
the
value of what he does.
The scientists studied self-es- teem in young
boys. They gave them
many tests. These
tests measured the boys' abilities and also how
they felt about their own
abilities.
After
the
tests,
the
boys
were
divided
into
three
groups
?those
with
high
self-
esteem,
those
with
middle
self-esteem
and
those
with
low
self-esteem.
The
scientists
continued to
study the boys in all situations. They studied
them at home, at work, in school,
and
with their friends.
From
their studies, the scientists made some
observations. Boys with high self-esteem
were
active.
They
were
able
to
express
their
ideas.
They
were
successful
in
school
and
in
their relations with other people. In
discussions, they led. They didn't just listen.
They were
interested
in
world
problems.
They
were
creative
and
believed
that
they
could
finish
whatever
they
started.
They
seldom
became
tired
or
sick.
In
many
ways,
the
boys
with
middle self-esteem were like the boys
with high self-es- teem. They too expressed their
ideas
freely and saw the world as a
good and happy place. However, they were not sure
of their
own value as peo-ple. They did
their best work when they were sure that other
people liked
them. The boys with low
self-esteem were different from the other two
groups. They were
sad most of the time.
They were afraid to start activi-ties. They felt
that no one loved them.
They could not
express their ide-as. They were afraid of anger.
In a discussion, they listened,
but
they didn't talk.
The
scientists asked,
in their
lives?
physical
appearance,
or
money,
or
size
of
family.
It
did
not
depend
upon
how
much
the
mother
was at home. The scientists found that there was a
closeness between the boys with
high
self-esteem and
their
parents.
Their parents
showed
real interest
in
them,
and
spent
time with them. They
listened to their sons and gave them help when the
boys asked for it.
They knew their
sons'
friends. The sons knew that they
were important to their parents. These parents
demanded
good
behavior.
They
made
definite
rules.
They
were
strict,
but
not
harsh.
They
corrected
their sons' behavior by rewards, not by
punishment. They never took away their love. On
the
other hand, the parents of boys
with low self-esteem let their sons do almost
anything. If a
boy made a mistake, the
parents punished him harshly. The boys be-lieved
that their parents
didn't
love
them.
There
were
no
definite
rules.
The
family
life
of
the
boys
with
high
self-esteem was democratic. The parents
made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful
way. They showed respect for their
children's ideas, even when they did not agree
with them.
They
let
the
boys
give
their
opinions
in
discussions
of
family
plans.
These
boys
were
productive citizens. Now these
scientists are studying other groups of children.
They want to
learn how to help chil-
dren with low self-esteem feel better about
themselves. In this way,
these children
can become productive citizens too.
Part | J 1 How to deal with depression
and anger?
Key words-.
depression drugs psycho-therapy public
education
Vocabulary:
moderate
Listen
to a talk about how to treat depression. Fill in
the blanks with the words you hear.
Tapescript:
When
most people are sad, they know the feeling is only
temporary. But there are large
numbers
of
people
who
stay
sad
for
a
long
time.
These
people
suffer
from
the
common
mental sickness known
as depression.
Depression
can affect anyone. Researchers say one out of ten
persons
in the world has the chance of
developing a major depression at some time.
About
80
percent
of
the
depressed
patients
can
be
helped
with
one
of
several
drugs
that
have
all
been
found
effective
in
treating
depression.
Doctors
say,
however,
the
drugs
must be used very
carefully.
Depression also
can be treated without drugs. Some doctors say
that moderate activity
four or five
times a week can help treat minor depres-sion. For
example, running or walking
rapidly for
30 minutes four times a week can improve mental as
well as physical health. The
traditional treat-ment for depression
known as psycho-therapy calls for depressed people
to
spend an hour or more each week
talking about their condition with doc-tors
trained to treat
mental problems.
Discussion
is supposed to
help
de-pressed
people
discover new ways of
thinking and dealing with problems.
Public education is needed
to help people better understand depression.
Key words: anger
Vocabulary:
tether / suppress / manifest / surly /
cleanse / vent / ebb away /
dump / uptight / punch
B1 You are going to hear two speakers
talking about dealing with anger. Fill in the
blanks
with key words.
Tapescript:
Speaker 1
I
actually ... 1,1 very rarely get angry, erm, I,
I've quite a long tether when it comes to
anger, erm, which doesn't mean, I
really don't
Part 111
How to
deal with depression and anger?
believe
I'm suppressing any anger at all, er, but, it
manifests itself in a very sarcastic way with
me. Like if for example, I'm, I'm, if
I'm buying a . . . railway ticket or something and
the, ... the
guy behind the counter is
very surly and er, you know refuses to treat me,
er like a human
being, I won't be, get
angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with
him and try to make very
very clever
remarks. (Oh ... yes, one of those, yes. . . )
(Laughter) And er that for me, that for
me serves its purpose. I do feel er
very ... I feel very cleansed after a situation
like that. Oh, I,
of course I do
sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get
very angry, if I'm taken that far.
But
I certainly don't suppress any anger.
Speaker 2
Well,
my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights.
(Laughter) I mean, if I do not sleep
well, I wake up in the morning, I am
angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on
anybody. If I
sleep well, then
everything's fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving
person. Sleepless nights, I'm full
of
anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use
a thing or somebody to vent it upon.
As
weak as that may sound, that's how I work. (mm)
And it's terrible sort of admission to
make
to
everybody
here.
(
Laughter)
If
I'm
looking
for
excuses
for
having
woken
up
in
a
particular-
ly bad way, so, er . . . in a way, anger is
something that I have to get out. I do not
carry it around by weeping, and like
crying. I believe in dumping it.
B2 Now listen to a conversation talking
about ways to deal with anger.
Write down the key points in the chart
below.
How to deal with anger
In Japan factory workers punching punch
bags with pictures of their boss
removing oneself from the situation and
just laughing at it
Tapescript;
A; Apparently, in, er . . .
I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, er, if
factory workers er
get
a
bit
uptight or angry,
they
can
go
out
into
er,
the
gym or
something
which
is usually
attached to the
factory and there are punch bags there with
pictures of their boss. (Laughter)
And
they
can go and they can spend twenty
minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. (
Great ... oh
right) And they go back to
work and they feel great.
B: Oh God yes, well, that brings us on
to laughing then. (Laughter) That made me laugh.
C:
Well
that's
one
way
of
dealing
with
anger
as
well,
I
suppose,
if
you
can
actually
remove yourself from the situation and
just laugh at it. Um, I think laughter is, is
again, one
of the most wonderful
releases, and, and, er I mean I think that it's
actually been proved that
you know the
chemical that is released when you laugh is, is is
life-enhan- cing and life, er
elongating too, you know. ( Yeah) It
promotes a healthy, a healthier being.
B: And it heals wounds . . .
Part
C: It does
. ..
Short talks on listening
skills
Listen
to
the
short
talk
entitled
the
Ideas
Clear
and
Clean
?Outlining.
Some
important
words are taken away from the written pas-sage.
Supply the missing words.
f
Represent the Ideas Clear and Clean
?Outlining
Outlining
is
a
method
of
classifying
and
organizing
ideas.
It
is
a
skill
very
useful
to
language learners when they are taking
lecture notes, reading, or writing a paper.
In
listening,
the
skill
of
outlining
reflects,
to
a
certain
extent,
the
listener's
ability
in
understanding how the
facts or ideas, or the scattered pieces of
information are related to
one another.
People generally use a
system of Roman numerals, Arabic num-bers, and
letters to show
relationships. There is
a kind of standard form for using these symbols to
show which ideas
are most impor-tant.
The symbols used, in order of decreasing
importance, are
Part IV
Short talks on listening skills
Roman numerals (I. H. EL ... ), capital
letters ( A. B. C. .. . ) , Arabic numbers (1. 2.
3. ... ), small
letters (a. b. c. .. .
), and numbers in parentheses [(1)(2)(3). .. ].
The placement of the topics
on paper is also important. The most important
items are
entered
farther
to
the
left.
Lesser
items
are
entered
farther
and
farther
to
the
jrightl
Headings
of
equal
importance
are
indented
the
same
distance
from
the
left
margin.
The
purpose of this indentation is to make
each idea easy to see and also to show just how it
is
related to the ideas before and
after it.
No
punctuation
is
needed
at
the
end
of
an
idea
unless
it
is
writ-ten
as
a
complete
sentence.
Outlining, as a fairly comprehensive
and effective method in language learning,
certainly
deserves our attention and
practice, par-ticularly for advanced listeners.
The blank fonn of an
outline looks like. this-.
.
'
.
1.
___ _
.
(1) _______
(2) .
2.
_
E- ?
■晻■
.
'
_
_____
:
,
All Can Succeed
Part I
win opportunity risk like success
abilities hard work
Warming up
Key words: imagination other people
Vocabulary:
prosper / shed light onto / be blessed
with / positive / critically / interact
In
this
part
you
are
going
to
hear
a
passage
about
how
one
can
achieve
success.
Listen
carefully and fill in the blanks with
the missing words.
Tapescript;
No one sets out in life to
fail. The reality is that many do. Why do some
prosper while
others struggle just to
exist? There is no simple answer to that question
but here are a few
thoughts that might
shed some light on-to this very complex issue.
The future is in your
imagination
Humans are
blessed with the ability to think into the future.
We can use our imagination
to see
possibilities. Use this unique gift in a positive
way. Build a vision of what you want to
be, have or do. It is the starting
point of all successful activities.
To win, you must expect to win
Once
we
imagine
our
future,
we
must
wrap
that
vision
with
a
belief
system
that
encourages us to fulfill the vision.
We are surrounded by
opportunity
As
we
move
through
time,
opportunities
are
abound.
All
we
have
to
do
is
recognize
them and reach out to grab them.
Capturing opportunity demands risk. Are you a risk
taker?
Like what you do or
do something else
Low
achievers
usually
don't
like
to
work
or
don't
like
the
work
they
are
doing.
Those
who don't want to work will never
prosper. For those who work, it is critically
important that
their work be a joyful
experience. Match your skills to your job
requirements. The closer the
match, the
more enjoyable the experience.
Your success depends on other people
No man is an island. We
must interact with and receive the support of
others. Build a
network of friends. Get
to know people of achieve-ment. Listen to their
words, watch their
actions and apply
what works for you.
Everyone can succeed
We are all born with enough abilities
to experience success. Our task is to discover and
develop those abilities. Nothing comes
easily. Success demands hard work. Are you willing
to
work that hard?
Key words:
skills
encourage
involvement
development
school
cooperation
student
performance
teachers staff
Vocabulary:
issue / involvement / commit /
enhancement / regardless of / consensus / bond /
integrity
Suppose you are an
administrator in a middle school, read the
following checklist. Supply the
missing
words to complete the questions below. An-swer all
the questions by ticking
Tapescript:
Yes
No
□
1. Do you
possess good organizational skills?
□
2. Are you
results oriented?
□
3. Are you open-minded on all issues
brought before you?
□
4. Do you put children first in the
decision process?
□
5. Do you encourage parental and
citizen involvement?
□
6. Do you encourage innovation and
excellence?
□
7.
Do you commit to maximize the development of every
student?
□
8. Do you promote school or community
cooperation?
□
9.
Do you support enhancement of student needs in the
school?
□
10. Can you offer ideas and plans to
strengthen the school?
□
11. Do you expect high quality
performance from teachers?
□
12. Do you communicate directly and
clearly to the teachers in
the school?
□
13. Do you
believe in continuous professional development of
self and the entire staff?
□
14. Do you deal
fairly with all school employees regardless of
their background or position?
□
15. Are you a
consensus builder?
□
16. Do you understand leadership
skills?
□
17. Is
your word your bond? Are you trustworthy?
□
18. Do you
strive to understand the position of other staff
members?
□
19. Do you display a high degree of
personal integrity?
□
20. Can you work well with others?
Key words:
Kenya master's
degree Manchester University slums Vocabulary:
prospectus / leaflet / discard /
stinking / slum / breadwinner /
overdose / visa / initially / tenacity
/ resourcefulness
Nairobi /
Masari
Listen to the news item and
supply the missing information.
Tapescript:
A
young
man
who
escaped
poverty
in
Kenya
is
receiving
a
master's
degree
from
Manchester University
late today. Sammy Gitau comes from one of the
worst slums in the
Kenyan capital
Nairobi and had to overcome overwhelming odds to
gain a place and then a
degree at the
English uni-versity.
Part
A
Sammy
Gitau
found
a
prospectus
leaflet
from
Manchester
Univer-sity
discarded
in
a
dustbin
in
Nairobi and
set
his heart
on
going
there. He
lives
in Masari, a stinking,
violent,
crime-ridden slum
in the cen-ter of the Kenyan capital. From the age
of 1J5 when his father
was murdered, he
struggled as the principal breadwinner for his
family. He sold drugs, was
beaten
and
attacked
and
once
came
close
to
death
after
a
drug's
overdose.
But
he
succeeded in gaining a place at
Manchester University despite being refused a visa
initially
after British immigra-tion
services had doubts about his claim to be a
genuine student. His
tenacity and
resourcefulness will be rewarded when he receives
his master's degree.
The
road to success
Key words:
successful bring up children overcome
difficulty deaf headmistress actor self-publicist
Vocabulary:
pop / arthritis / headmistress /
handicap / self-publicist
A1 Listen to
four people talking about the most successful
person they know. Focus on who
that
person is and why he or she considers that person
to be successful. Complete the chart.
Speaker 1 mum
excellently bringing up 3 children
someone uith physical disabilities
overcoming physical difficulty of
arthritis
Speaker 2
not
allouing the difficulty to hold her
back
Mable Davies, a deaf lady
Speaker 3
wrking her way up
to be a headmistress
Kenneth Branagh, an actor
getting an enormous amount of energy
Speaker 4
a very good self-
publicist
A2
Now listen again. Then listen to some statements.
Decide whether
they are
true or false. Put
Tapescript:
Speaker 1
I
think my mum's very successful because she's
managed to bring up three children
梕
xcellently
梚
n such a
horrible society that we live in to-day. She's
taught us to be kind and
loving, she
taught us to share, she taught us to love our
family
梑
e very family-
orientated
梐
nd I think that's
really important.
Speaker 2
The person that I can think of within
my life, well, I probably can think of several but
the
one that instantly came to mind
when you popped this question to me was somebody
who
lives in Harpenden and who has
overcome physical difficulty of arthritis
remarkably well, and
not allowed it to
hold her back any more than is obviously necessary
because of her physical
disabilities.
So I think she's made a very
good
梐
great
success of overcoming a difficulty.
Speaker 3
I
think, um, Mable Davies, here who's very
successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the
headmistress and I think that must have
been hard, so
Part II
The
road to success
I've got a lot of
respect for her, because my parents are also deaf
so I know how difficult it is
to work
your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a
lot of admiration for her.
Speaker 4
Well, I think in
professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has
been very successful
and I think the
reason for this more than anything else is that
he's a very good self-publicist.
He is
undoubtedly a very good ac-tor. Er, I've not seen
him on stage, I've seen him on film
and
he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I
say, he's a very good self-publicist.
Statements:
According to the first speaker, the
most important thing that mum taught her children
is
to love the family.
When
the
second
speaker
was
interviewed,
the
successful
person
that
immediately
came to her mind was the one with
arthritis.
The third
speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies
because she herself is deaf.
The fourth speaker thinks that the
actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he
saw him on stage and on film.
Key words:
subordinate position broom aim high
concentration Vocabulary:
subordinate
/
thrust
upon
/
threshold
/
janitor
/
janitress
/
salutary
/
foreman
/
prime
/
scatter / be apt to /
tumble / trip / speculate /
indorse / surplus / expenditure /
revenue / ultimate
Pittsburgh
B1
Listen to a speech entitled
Write no
more than three words in each blank.
Tapescript;
It
is
well
that
young
men
should
begin
at
the
beginning
and
occupy
the
most
subordinate
positions.
Many
of
the
leading
businessmen
of
Pitts-burgh
had
a
serious
responsibility thrust upon them at the
very threshold of their career. They were
introduced
to
the
broom,
and
spent
the
first
hours
of
their
business
lives
sweeping
out
the
office.
I
notice
we
have
jan-itors
and
janitresses
now
in
offices,
and
our
young
men
unfortunately
miss that salutary branch of a business
education. But if by chance the profes-sional
sweeper
is absent in the morning, the
boy who has the genius of the future partner in
him will not
hesitate to try his hand
at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to
sweep out the
office if necessary. I
was one of those sweepers myself.
Assuming that you have all obtained
employment and are fairly star-ted , my advice to
you
is:
Aim
high.
Do
not
rest
content
for
a
moment
in
your
thoughts
as
head
clerk,
or
foreman, or general manager in any con-
cerns no matter how extensive. Say to yourself,
place is at the top.
And here is the prime condition of
success, the great secret: concen-trate your
energy,
thought, and capital
exclusively upon the business in which you are
engaged. Having begun
in one line,
resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in
it, adopt every improvement, have
the
best ma-chinery, and know the most about it.
The concerns which fail are
those which have scattered their capital, which
means that
they have scattered their
brains also. They have invest-ments in this, or
that, or the other,
here, there, and
everywhere. Don't put all your eggs in one basket
is all wrong. I tell you to
put all
your eggs in one basket, and then watch that
basket. Look round you and take no-tice.
Men who do that not often fail. It is
easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is
trying to
carry too many baskets that
breaks most eggs in this country. He who carries
three baskets
must put one on his head,
which is apt to tumble and trip him up. One fault
of the American
businessman is lack of
concentration.
B2 Now listen to the
conclusion of the above speech. Pay attention to
the do's and don 'ts
the speaker
summarizes. List them in the follow-ing chart.
Part II
The road to success
Tapescript;
To
summarize
what
I
have
said:
Aim
for
the
highest;
never
enter
a
bar
room;
do
not
touch liquor, or if at all, only at
meals; never specu-late; never indorse beyond your
surplus
cash fund; make the firm's
inter-est yours; break orders always to save
owners; concentrate;
put all your eggs
in one basket, and watch that basket; expenditure
always within rev-enue;
lastly, be not
impatient, for, as Emerson says, no one can cheat
you out of ultimate success
but
yourselves.
III
Part
Good better best
Key words: best
qualities
Vocabulary:
give a
shot / genuinely / considerate
A
Listen
to
six
people
talking
about
their
best
qualities. And
complete
the
following
chart
in
note
form.
(to be continued)
Usa (Canada)
a good friend / considerate / caring /
a good listener / really nice / make people I care
and
love very important in my life
the ability to laugh at
myself / to laugh with others ufien they Laugh at
me
open-minded / not afraid of new
things / nothing shocks me / learn new things a
lot
he curious / find out new things /
go places / have new experiences / meet new people
/
creative / fresh ideas
Tapescript;
Adrienne, The
United States
What are my best
qualities? This is a difficult question for
someone to an-swer I think, but I'll
give
it
a
shot.
I
think
my best
qualities
are
probably
that
1
have
a
good sense
of
humor.
I
genuinely like people and I like talk-
ing to people and I like to be entertaining if I
can possibly
be. Conrad, The United
States
What is my best quality? I'd say
my best quality is my friendliness. I al-ways try
to be positive
and polite and friendly
to people who I meet, espe-cially the first time
and I try to continue
that . . . but
regardless of who they are, I try to give them,
you know, treat them friendly. I
enjoy
being friendly, so it's not really work to me.
It's just part of my personality. Lisa, Canada
What
are
my
best
qualities?
My
best
qualities
are
the
fact
that
I
am
a
good
friend.
I'm
considerate
and
caring.
I'm
a
good
listener.
I
can
always ...
I'm
always
there
to
hear
if
my
friends (are) having a
bad day or just really need to talk, and I think
I'm just really nice, even
though I'm
not always nice to everyone. To the people I
really care and love, I will always put
them into an important ... I will
always make them very important in my life. Phil,
England
So what's my best quality? I
think my best quality has to be the ability to
laugh at myself.
English humor is very
much based around laughing at yourself and also
laughing with others
at themselves so
my best quality defi-
Part III
Phil (UK)
Sim one (Sweden)
Chip (US)
Good better best
nitely is that I can laugh at myself
and with others when they laugh at me. Simone,
Sweden
What's my best quality? I think
it's that I'm very open-minded so I al-ways . . .
I'm not afraid
of new things, and
nothing shocks me, so I learn new things a
lot that most people don't,
because they are too narrow minded, I
think. Chip, The United States
OK, what
are my best qualities? I guess the one that I
think is the most important for me is to
be curious. I want to find out new
things, I want to go places. I want to have new
experiences.
I don't like to just sit
around where I know everything because it stops
being interesting and
inspiring after a
while. I like to have new things happen to me and
meet new people and that
is what keeps
me creative and I have fresh ideas that way.
Key words:
qualities good
student boss friend parent Vocabulary:
delegate / minion / unconditional /
tarnish / quality time
Listen
to
Matt
explaining
what
he
thinks
makes
a
good
student,
friend,
parent,
and
boss.
Complete the following chart.
be self-
motivated
take an interest in uhat they
are doing and work at it
be outgoing
have a personality
show
interest and participate and tmrk outside of class
know the people who work for him
know the strengths
can
communicate uhat they really want for each worker
What makes a good student?
What makes a good boss?
can
delegate responsibility
know and care
about uhat their minions are do-ing for them
(to be continued)
listen to
you
love almost anything that you do
be loyal and honest
always
be there
take care of the child
spend quality time with the child
What makes a good friend?
What makes a good parent?
listen and talk to the child
Tapescript;
Todd: So, Matt, we're
talking about adjectives this week and, or
qualities about people,
so let's talk
about what makes people good at what they do.
First of all, what do you think
makes a
good student? We're both teachers, so in your mind
what's a good student?
Matt: I think somebody who is
motivated, self-motivated and somebody who takes
an
interest
in
what
they
are
doing
and
works
at
it,
and
I
mean,
as
a
teacher
I
always
enjoy
people who are outgoing and have a
personality, but I know reality is that not every
student
can be like that so you just
try to ... as a student I think that the most
important thing is to
show interest and
participate and work outside of class.
Todd; Right, I totally agree. OK, so
now how about work? What makes a good boss?
Matt: I've had so many
different jobs and so many different bosses. I
think a good boss
is somebody who knows
his ... the people that work for him, and he knows
the strengths and
he
can
communicate
or
she
can
communicate
what
they
really
want
for
each
worker
and
some-body who can
delegate to responsibility, but that shows that
they know and that they
care about what
their minions are doing for them.
Todd: Right. OK, now moving on, how
about what makes a good friend?
Matt;
A
good
friend?
I think
somebody
who
just
can
listen and
kind
of
unconditional
love almost or
like anything that you do, anything that you do
can't tarnish the relationship
and
somebody who is loyal and who is honest basically.
Todd; OK, and this is the
last one. What makes a good parent?
Matt; A good parent! Not that I would
know from firsthand experience, but I think, you
know, just somebody who is there always
and who
Part ill Good better best
takes care of the child and, you know,
spends time I think, spends quality time. People
who
work
hard
can
tend
to
forget
about
their
child
if
they're
too
focused
on
other
things
and
parents who really are there and listen
and talk to the kid usually have the greatest
success.
Todd: OK, thanks a lot, Matt.
1 appreciate your time.
Matt; Yeah.
Part § Language study and
language appreciation
Listen to the
following statements you have learned in the
previous and present units. Pay
special
attention to the parts in bold type. Learn to
appreciate and use the language.
meaning that / to be largely separate
In the U. S. , where there
are many different races, only 3 percent of all
marriages are
between blacks and
whites, mean-ing that the races are still largely
separate in marriage.
to
look beyond the physical appearance
You
should
be
able
to
look
beyond
the
physical
appearance
and
see
what
sort
of
a
person he or she is, whether they 're
selfish or selfless, whether they 're kind,
caring.
to lay the blame
for
In fact I think we can
probably lay the blame for the high per-centage of
divorces
梚
t's a
third I think now, isn't it'!
to bring them together as
one / until death do them part
They say their wedding vows which bring
them together as one. They promise to love
and cherish each other until death do
them part.
to end up
And . .. anyway we ended up
living together and still are.
And it just seemed so amazing that, you
know, we were both from the same thing and
we started chatting and ended up be-ing
together.
to feel choked by the bitter
of disappointment
I squared my
shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the
woman, even though while
1 spoke I felt
choked by the bit-terness of my disappointment.
to raise the roof
Remember
how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the
other day'! I thought you 're
gonna
raise the roof.
to report ( a lost
wallet)
/ guess I'll take it to the
police station and see if anyone's re-ported a
lost wallet.
to make (definite / strict
/ harsh) rules
These parents made
definite rules. They were strict, but not harsh.
to correct one's behavior by rewards /
punishment
They corrected their son's
behavior by rewards, not by pun-ishment.
to vent one's anger on / upon
I use any excuse to vent my anger on
anybody.
Sleepless nights, I'm full of
anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use
a thing or
somebody to vent it upon.
to set out to fail
No one
sets out in life to fail.
to shed light
onto . . .
There
is
no
simple
answer
to
that
question
but
here
are
a
few
thoughts
that
might
shed
some light onto this very complex
issue.
to be blessed with . . .
Humans are blessed with the ability to
think into the future.
one's words are
one's bond
Is your word your bond?
to set one's heart on
Sammy
Gittau found a prospectus leaflet from Manchester
Uni-versity discarded in a dustbin
in
Nairobi and set his heart on going there.
?
:
Part IV
Language study and
language appreciation
f
to
come close to death
He
sold
drugs,
was
beaten
and
attacked
and
once
came
close
to
death
after
a
drug's
overdose.
to come to mind /
to pop a question to ...
The one that
instantly came to mind when you popped this
question to me was somebody
who lives
in Harpenden.
to thrust upon / at the
very threshold of
Many of the leading
businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious
responsibility thrust upon them
at the
very threshold of their career.
be apt
to
He who carries three baskets must
put one on his head, which is apt to tumble and
trip him
up.
to cheat . . .
out of
Lastly, be not impatient, for,
as Emerson says, no one can cheat you out of
ultimate success
but yourselves.
Getting Ready for the Future Career
Warming up
Key
words:
experience applicants bachelor's
degree resume qualified position candidates
Vocabulary:
bachelor /
resume / image / administration / dynamic / mobile
/
turnover / in excess of / audit
Syracuse
Here
are
some
advertisements
for
certain
job
vacancies.
Listen
carefully
and
fill
in
the
missing information.
Position: cook Qualifications:
good and dependable
experience
work on weekends
Way of contact; call 2359739
Position; English and math
teachers Qualifications:
a bachelor's
degree
teaching certificate Way of
contact:
resume to Wales Charter
School, 19 Snow Road, NYC
Part
Position: Marketing
Communication Supervisor
Qualifications:
a bachelor's
degree in Business Administration
good
PC and presentation skills Way of contact:
resume to MTP, P
. O. Box
354, Syracuse, NY 16493
Position: Area Sales Manager
Offers to employees: professional
careers and extensive training Qualifications:
dynamic, hardworking and initiated
quick learner
interested in working in
a challenging environment
mobile and
able to travel extensively
Way of
contact: detailed resume with expected salary and
recent photo to Martin's Apparel,
385
Rockledge Street, Syracuse, NY 15835
Position; Buyer Offers to employees:
a competitive salary and a benefits
package
excellent career development
opportunities Qualifications:
a
bachelor's degree in business or engineering
2-3 years' relevant working experience
good command of English
good
communication and interpersonal skills
ability to work in teams
Way
of contact: resume with recent photo, contact
phone number and a copy of diploma to
943 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY 18640
Position; Accountant
Qualifications:
a university degree in
accounting or auditing
strong computer
skills
a minimum of 3 years' experience
with trading companies
Way of contact;
resume with education certificate, ID card copy
and photo to 404, South 7th
Street, NYC
Tapescripf:
1.
Cook
needed
immediately
in
a
busy
downtown
restaurant!
You
must
be
good
and
dependable. Experience
is preferred and work on weekends is required. If
you are interested,
please call
2359739.
A
small
private
school
needs
English
and
math
teachers.
Applicants
must
have
a
bachelor's
degree
and
teaching
certificate.
Interested
peo-ple
please
send
your
resume
to
Wales
Charter School, 19 Snow Road, NYC.
As the world leader in imaging business
from photographic to commer-cial to electronic
imaging,
we
invite
applications
from
qualified
persons
for
the
position
of
Marketing
Communication
Supervisor.
Candidates
must
have
a
bachelor's
degree
in
Business
Administration and good PC and
presentation skills. Please apply by sending your
resume to:
MTP, P
. O. Box
354, Syracuse, NY 16493.
If
you are a dynamic, hardworking and initiated quick
learner interested in working in a
challenging
environment,
if
you
are
mobile
and
able
to
travel
extensively,
please
join
our
Truck
Tire and Passenger Car Tire Teams and be the Area
Sales Manager. Professional careers
and
exten-sive training are provided to you. Are you
the right one for us? Send your detailed
resume
with
your
expected
salary
and
recent
photo
to:
Martin's
Apparel,
385
Rockledge
Street, Syracuse,
NY 15835.
We are among the
top 50 industrial companies worldwide with an
annual turnover in
excess of US$$40
billion. We provide for our employees not only a
competitive salary and a
benefits
package, but also excellent ca-reer development
opportunities. We are now seeking
qualified people to fill the position
of Buyer. Candidates' qualifications include: a
bachelor's
degree in business or
engineering, 2-3 years' relevant work-ing
experience, good command
of
English, good
communication
and
in-terpersonal skills
and
the
ability
to
work
in
teams.
Those who are inter-ested please send
your resume, a recent photo, contact phone number
and a copy of your diploma to 943 West
Avenue, Syracuse, NY 18640.
We,
one
of
the
world's
largest
food
manufacturers,
have
the
position
of
Accountant
available.
Applicants
must
have
a
university
degree
in
accounting
or
auditing,
strong
computer skills and a minimum of 3
years' experience with trading companies. If you
believe
that you have the experience
and talent to develop and grow with one of the
world's
leading food companies, please
send your resume, education certifi-cate, ID card
copy and
photo to 404, South 7th
Street, NYC.
Key words: hottest jobs
Vocabulary:
tissue
/
culture
/
genetic
/
DNA
/
defect
/
gene
/
therapy
/
molecule
/
pharmacologic
/
livestock / therapeutic / laden /
modify / fiddle / handyman / daunt / video
cassette recorder
(VCR)
/
digital
versatile
disc
(DVD)
/
3-D
/
holographic
/
toaster
/
abuse
/
diagnostics
/
ambient / hijack
Do
you
know
what
will
he
the
hottest
jobs
in
the
21st
century
?
Listen
to
the
following
passage. Fill in the blanks.
Tapescript;
Looking for a career change? A decade
ago, who would have guessed that web designer
would be one of the hottest jobs of
2000? Do you have any idea what will be the other
six
hottest jobs in the 21st centu-ry?
Here are some suggestions:
Tissue engineers
With man-made skin already on the
market, 25 years from now scien-tists expect to be
culturing growing organs in test tubes.
Or trying, anyway.
Genetic
programmers
After
scanning
your
DNA
for
defects,
doctors
will
use
gene
therapy
and
molecules to cure diseases,
including certain cancers.
Pharmers / Pharmacologic farmers
New-age farms will raise
crops and livestock that have been genetically
engineered to
produce
therapeutic
proteins.
Works
in
progress
include
a
vac-
cine-carrying
tomato
and
drug-laden milk from cows, sheep and
goats.
Genetically-modified
food monitors
Not
sure
what's
for
dinner?
With
a
little
genetic
fiddling,
fast-grow-ing
fish
and
freeze-
resistant fruits will help feed an overpopulated
planet.
Hot-line handymen
Still daunted by the
thought of reprogramming your video cassette
record-er(VCR), let
alone your digital
versatile disc(DVD)? Just wait until your 3- D
holographic TV won't power
up or your
talking toaster starts giving abuse. Remote
diagnostics will take care of most of
your home electronics, but a few
repairmen will still make house calls ... via
video phone. 6.
Narrow casters
Today's broadcasting
industry will become increasingly personalized.
Working together,
media and advertisers
will create content just for you. Am-bient
commercials will also hijack
your
attention by using tastes and smells.
Key words:
bicycle
motocross
racer
Number
One
champion
trophies
donated
Special
Olympics
handicapped
youngsters praise proud joy
Vocabulary:
motocross
/
bicycle
motocross
/
trophy
/
feat
/
awesome
/
hardware
/
set
around
/
handicapped / crippled / gesture
Listen to a story about a 9-year-old
bicycle motocross racer. Complete the resume with
the
information you get from the story.
Tapescript:
. . .
tell
you
about
a
9-year-
old
boy.
He
is
a
bicycle
motocross
racer,
and
his
name
is
Andrew
Sue.
He
rides
under
Number
One
on
the
track,
and
he
lives
in
Lansing,
Michigan.
He's also Number One in other ways. He
weighs about 34 kilograms. The boy is a two-time
BMX,
that's
Bicy-
cle
Motor
Cross,
national
champion,
and
he's
also
a
two-time
world
champion.
He's
right
Number
One
for
his
age
in
the
National
Bicycle
League
and
Number
One
in
the
American
Bicycle
Association's
Michigan
II
District.
And
he's
been
a
bicycle
motocross racer
since he was five years old. Andrew has collected
more than 125 trophies
for
his feats
on
the
track.
His
awesome
display
of
hardware
has
not
set
around
collecting
dust,
however.
He
donated
many
of
the
trophies,
the
hardware,
to
the
Michigan
Specail
Olympics.
I
don't
know
if
you're
familiar
with
that.
Now
Special
Olympics
are
for
handicapped
youngsters.
He
said
that
he
saw
the
Special
Olympics
on
television
and
he
decided that he had so
many trophies that he ought to give them some. And
he talked it over
with his parents and
they too thought it was a good idea. His father
Tom Sue says that they
were
sort
of
running
out
of
room
in
the
house.
After
seeing
the
crippled
children
on
television, they knew
they had found a worthwhile purpose for the
trophies. And Andrew's
unselfish
gesture has brought praise from Michigan State
Representative and Speaker of the
House, Bobby Crimm. He wrote a letter
and said,
you, Andy. You are truly an
extraordinary young man.
quite proud of
what their son has done both on the track as a
bicycle motocross Number
One
winner
and
also
by
giving
the
trophies
to
handicaps,
participants
in
the
Special
Olym-pics. He knows that those trophies
will bring other people great joy too.
Part TT . .
Painting for pay
Key words:
college
student
business
experience
summer
Student
Painters
real
business
world
responsibilities
Vocabulary:
tuition / market / ladder /
payroll / contract Pennsylvania / Toronto /
Indiana
A In many countries
such as Canada and America, college students
usually have several
months off for
summer vacation. Many students get jobs to earn
money for a college tuition
and other
school expen-ses. The following passage you are
going to hear is about a college
student. But before listening to it,
think about the pre-listening ques-tions below.
Have you ever had a part-
time or full-time job in summer? If yes, what jobs
have you
had? If no, are you going to
get one in the fu-ture?
Is
it common for students in your school to have a
part-time job?
Do you think
it is good for students to have a part-time job or
full- time job in summer?
Why or why
not?
B Now listen to the
passage. While listening, focus on the major
points and then choose
the correct
answer to complete the following sentences.
1. All of the managers and
painters who work for Student Painters are
professional painters
full-
time college students
local high school
students
Mark Laratonda is
.
a manager for Student Painters
the owner of Student Painters
a customer of Student Painters
People who work for Student
Painters are .
earning college credit
earning money for college tuition and
expenses
working for their parents
The goal of Student
Painters is to
give students a chance
to experience the real business world
teach students how to paint
provide travel opportunities for
students
C Now listen again. Then you
are going to hear some statements. De-cide whether
they are
true or false. Put
2. (T)
3. (F)
4.
(F)
(F) 6. (T)
7. (F)
Part II I
Painting for pay I
D Listen to the passage again. This
time focus on Mark Laratonda's re-sponsibilities
at
Student Painters. Fill in the blanks
below by using key words.
Mark
Laratonda's responsibilities at Student Painters
Tapescript;
Nineteen-year-old
Mark
Laratonda
is
a
local
college
student.
He
is
getting
useful
business
experience
this
summer
at
home
in
Pennsylvania.
Mark
and
other
students
are
spending their summer working for a
compa-ny called Student Painters. Student Painters
is
based in Toronto. It oper-ates in 28
states in the United States and in 5 Canadian
provinces.
All of the
managers and painters at Student Painters are
full-time college students. They
are
earning money for tuition and expenses for the
next school year.
Student
Painters was founded in 1980. Its goal is to give
students a chance to experience
the
real business world. Laratonda is a manager for
Student Painters. He is also a business
marketing
major
at
Indiana
Uni-
versity.
He
says,
at
Student
Painters
is
a
great
experience for me. I'm
learning a lot about how businesses operate.
Laratonda
heard
about
Student
Painters
last
year
at
his
university.
filled
out
an
application and they
called me for an interview. After the in-terview,
they called me again
and offered me a
job,
great chance to get experience in
the business world. 1 get to work in many
different places
and
I
get
to
work
outside.
There
are
a
lot
of
responsibilities.
But
there
are
also
a
lot
of
rewards. It looks good on
your resume, too.
In
order
to
become
a
manager,
Laratonda
was
trained
by
company
instructors.
As
a
manager, he
must do many things. For example, he is
responsible for hiring the painters. He
also does the advertising. Mark must
provide equipment such as ladders, paint, and
brushes
for
the
paint-ers.
He
takes
care
of
the
payroll
and
writes
the
contracts.
It
is
also
his
re-
sponsibility to do the final inspection of each
project with the customer.
Laratonda
supervises
two
groups
of
painters.
Each
group
has
three
painters.
The
painters usually work eight hours a
day.
hard and get the job
done,
His painters have
completed 15 projects since May. They have about
$$40,000 worth of
painting jobs to do
this summer.
Statements:
Student Painters is based in New York.
Student Painters was founded in 1980.
Student Painters operates
in 50 states in the United States and in 5 Ca-
nadian provinces.
Mark Laratonda
supervises three groups of painters.
Laratonda's painters have completed 15
jobs since July.
Company instructors
trained Laratonda to become a manager.
Mark Laratonda is an engineering major
at Indiana University.
_
V w w
Fart 111
Choosing a career
Key words:
career a list of
questions give thought to have a clear knowledge
of success and satisfaction
immediate
advantages
long-term
prospects
job
preferences
future
happiness
and
contentment
Vocabulary:
career / draw up
/ bear in mind / partially / aptitude / weigh /
long-term / prospect / a fund
of /
contentment / haphazard
A You are going
to hear a passage about how to choose a career.
Part III Choosing a career
While listening, pay special attention
to the list of questions put for-ward in it. Then
fill in the
blanks with what you hear.
Question I : Have I given thought to
what I would like to be doing 15 to 20 years from
now?
Question 2: Have I a clear
knowledge of my abilities and aptitudes, as well
as my interests
and aims?
Question
3:
Do
1
know
the
kind
of
occupations
in
which
people
like
my-self
tend
to
find
success and
satisfaction?
Question
4:
Have
I
weighed
carefully
the
immediate
advantages
against
the
long-
term
prospects offered by the jobs I am
considering?
Question
5:
Have
I talked
about
my
job
preferences
with my
guidance
counsellor,
my
parents, my teachers and
my headmaster?
Question 6:
Have 1 made a real study of jobs?
Question 7: How do I regard my job? Is
it just a means of getting money to do the things
that I want to do? Is the work
important to me and my future happiness and
contentment? Is
it a combi-nation of
both these things?
/
2 3
B
Now
listen
again.
This
time
pay
more
attention
to
what's
relevant
to
each
of
the
questions
above.
Then
fill
in
the
chart
below
with
the
rel-evant
information
by
using
key
words.
Questions
Relevant information
affect
/
future
course
of
life
/
determine
/
friends
/
husband
or
wife
/
uiiere
you
live
/
recreational activities /
other aspects
weak points / strong ones
/ what kind / you want to be
what /
other people / important and challenging / talk to
people / watch / at work
satisfaction
/
not
just
start
/
years
to
come
/
importance
of
educa-tion
/
promotion
/
preference / educated persons
eaperience / benefit / help / think
about / stimulate / really want to do / offer
suggestions /
take advantage of /
qualities and quali-fications
read
about / study / over and over again
Tapescript:
In order to give you as
much help as possible, I have drawn up a list of
questions that
you ought to ask
yourself.
mind
that
the
career
you
choose
will
affect
the
future
course
of
your
life.
It
will
partially
determine
your
range
of
friends,
your
choice
of
husband
or
wife,
where
you
live,
your
recrea-tional activities, and other
important aspects of your life.
I
a
clear
knowledge
of
my
abilities
and
aptitudes,
as
well
as
my
interests
and
aims?
at yourself and give
real thought to the kind of person you are, what
you are good at, and
what kind of
person you want to be.
satisfaction?
what
you
can
really
do
with
yourself.
You
can
gain
some
idea
of what
other
people,
with
similar abilities and
interests, consider to be important and
challenging in the ca-reers that
they
choose,
by
talking
to
people
already
in
the
careers
that
in-
terest
you.
Watch
these
people at work.
offered by the
jobs I am considering?
not just when you
start, but in the years to come? Realize now the
importance of education
in all fields,
technical and professional. Remember that when
promotion oc-curs , preference
is
usually given to educated
persons
梠
ther things be-ing
equal.
teachers
and my headmaster?
which
you
should
benefit.
They
can
help
you
think
about
the
jobs
in
which
you
will
find
satisfaction and
challenge. They can stimulate you to give careful
thought to what you re-ally
want
to
do,
and
offer
useful
suggestions
as
to
how
you
might
take
full
advantage
of
your
personal qualities and qualifications.
Part 111 Choosing a career
you the best. Reading about
and studying a number of occupations is something
you should
do over and over again.
to
do?
Is
the
work
important
to
me
and
my
future
happiness
and
contentment?
Is
it
a
combination of both these
things?
The above questions
and their answers should give you some better
ideas about how
you should start
planning your career. Your life-long job cannot be
approached in any kind of
haphazard
fashion. It must be con-sidered carefully,
examined from every angle, talked over
with those who know you and those who
can help you in any way.
Part jy
My pet hate
Key words:
pet
hate
dislike
filling
up
forms
horror
applying
for
giving
information
personal
life
habits
answers questions defects job
applications false declarations discrepancies
Vocabulary:
pet hate / positive /
obscure / prospective employer / measles /
conceivably / confront / go
blank /
tonsil / delicate / contend / defect / contact
lens / account / dubious / summons /
discrepancy
What
do
you
dislike
most?
Listen
to
a
passage
about
what
is
the
speaker's
pet
hate,
complete the
statements in the left-hand column, and then note
down the supporting details
in the
right-hand column.
General views
S
upporting details
Of all things in the world, I most
dislike filling up forms.
(to be
continued)
General views
Supporting details
Everything
nowadays .teems to involve giv-ing information
about one's personal life and
habits
that has little or nothing to do with the mater in
hand.
The
authorities
frequently
demand
an-swers
to
questions that one
would
hesi-tate to
put to one's intimate friends. When
confronted with such questions, my mind goes
blank.
driving license / evening course
/ holidw,' abroad
applying for job /
stamps / measles / father tobacconist / in
Foreland / died at 82
date o f birth /
nationality serious illness / tonsils / delicate /
lazy / personal defects / contact
len-
ses / upper teeth not own / charac-ter / gambling
/ difficult to get up
education / previous experience /
,, , ... . , ,. , posts held / dates /
struggle to re-
C. Of dl, I think tob
applications are the
,
,
, ,
, . .
member / exnrns / how long / what
■
summons / explain
discrepancies
~
firms / if blank / in prison / dubi-ous
occupation
D. Even idien the form is
safely posted, there is no relief.
Tapescript:
Of
all things in the world, 1 most dislike filling up
forms. In fact, I have a positive horror
of
it.
Applying
for
a
driving
license,
registering
for
an
evening
course,
booking
a
holiday
abroad
梕
verything
nowadays seems to involve giving information about
one's personal life
and habits that has
little or nothing to do with the matter in hand.
When applying for a job, it
may be of
some obscure interest to a prospective employer to
learn that I collect stamps or
had
measles as a child. But why should he conceivably
want to know that my father was a
tobacconist to live in Foreland and
died when he was 82. The authorities who require
one to
fill
up
forms
frequently
demand
answers
to
questions
that
one
would
hesi-
tate
to
put
to
one's
intimate
friends.
The
worst
of
it
is
that,
when
con-fronted
with
such
questions,
my
mind goes blank and I can
hardly re-member my own date of birth, let alone
my nationality.
Have I ever suf-fered
from a serious illness? Have I? What do they mean
by
my tonsils out in hospital when I
was eight, and my mother always assured me I was
delicate,
but
father
contended
I
was
born
lazy.
Do
Isuffer
from
any
personal
defects?
Well,
I
wear
contact lenses and my up-per teeth are
not my own. But perhaps the word
to my
character. Am I supposed to admit that I like
gambling and find it diffi-cult to get up in
the morning, both of which are true? Of
all, I think job applications are the
worst
梕
ducation,
previous experience, posts held, give
dates. Terrified by the awful warning about giving
false
declara-tions, which appears at
the bottom of the form, I struggle to remember
what exams I
passed and how long I
worked for what firms. However hard I try, there
always seems to be a
year or two for
which I cannot sa-tisfactorily account and which,
I am certain, if left blank,
will give
the impression that I was in prison or engaged in
some occupation too dubi-ous to
mention.
Even
when
the
form
is
safely
posted,
there
is
no
relief
as
I
hourly
await
the
summons from some furious official to
explain the dis-crepancies on my form.
Key words: invented
Vocabulary:
internal-
combustion
engine
/
barometer
/
atmospheric
pressure
/
Polaroid
/
pendulum
/
diesel
/ fuel oil / dynamite / kaleidoscope / harpsichord
/ gunsmith
J1
Wmmm0mw
Creative Minds
I
Part
Warming up
You are going to hear some information
about 10 inventions. Listen care-fully. Write down
the names of the inventions, the
nationality and occupa-tion of each inventor and
the year
when the invention was made.
Invention
Inventor
Nationality Occupation Year
(to be
continued)
Invention
Inventor Nationality Occupation Year
kaleidoscope
Sir Da vid Brewster
piano
Bartolomeo Cristofo
sewing
machine
Elias Howe
typewriter
Christopher
Sho/es
Tapescript:
The
gasoline
automobile
was
invented
by
Gottlieb
Daimler,
the
German
engineer,
in
1885.
His
construction
of
the
first
high-
speed
internal-com-
bustion
engine
led
to
the
development of the
automobile industry.
The
barometer,
the
instrument
for
measuring
atmospheric
pressure,
was
invented
by
Evangelista Torricelli, the Italian
physicist and math-ematician, in 1643.
The Polaroid camera, which takes and
prints photos in one step, was invented in 1947
by the American inventor and
industrialist Edwin Herbert Land.
The pendulum clock was invented by the
Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan
Huygens in 1657.
The
diesel
engine,
which
is
heavier and more
powerful
than the
gaso-line
engine
and
which
burns
fuel
oil
instead
of
gasoline,
was
named
after
its
inventor
Rudolph
Diesel,
the
German engineer in 1892.
Dynamite,
the
improved
explosives
with
great
safety,
was
invented
in
1866
by
the
Swedish
chemist
Alfred
Bernhard
Nobel.
He
established
a
fund
to
provide
annual
awards
called Nobel Prizes, in the sciences,
literature, and the promotion of international
peace.
The kaleidoscope was
invented in 1817 by Sir David Brewster, the
Scottish physicist and
natural
philosopher.
The
piano,
a
key-
board
musical
instrument,
was
invented
in
1709
by
the
Italian
harpsichord maker,
Bartolomeo Cristofori.
The
sewing machine, which greatly revolutionized
clothes-making, was invented by Elias
Howe, an American inventor in 1846.
10. The typewriter, its
first practical commercial model, was invented in
1867 by the American inventor
Christopher Sholes and was manufac-tured by the
American
gunsmith Philo Remington in
1874.
Key words: invent
Vocabulary:
fax / calendar /
puppet Mercedes-Benz
The
following
passage
will
tell
you
about
some
inventions
made
by
people
in
different
countries. Listen
carefully and match the inventions with the places
where these things first
came from.
Tapescript:
People
in
England
made
the
first
computer. It was built
in
1943. It
was
made
to
help
England understand
secret messages during World War II.
Someone in Australia invented the fax
machine. After the fax machine was invented, it
first became popular in East Asia.
Folding fans came from
Japan. They were invented in Japan almost 800
years ago.
The
first
car
came
from
Germany.
It
was
invented
by
Karl
Benz
in
1885.
Benz
is
still
famous. His name is on
the Mercedes-Benz car.
A
man in Canada invented the chocolate bar. He lived
in Nova Sco-tia
梚
n the
eastern
part of Canada. He invented the
chocolate bar in the 1800s.
The
first
really
accurate
calendar
was
invented
in
Mexico.
This
calen-dar
was
made
about 1 ,500 years ago.
That's when people learned that the year was 365
days long.
The first
mechanical clock was invented in China. It was
invented in the year 725
梠
ver
1 ,250 years ago.
People
think
Africans
created
the
first
puppets.
Actually,
no
one
is
sure,
but
puppets
were probably created to help tell
stories.
Key words:
design
patent introduce develop appear born invent create
Vocabulary:
paper clip /
patent / adhesive / primer / cellular phone /
commission / authorize / subscribe
/
credit
with
/
wringer
/
ad
/
disposable
/
diaper
/
zipper
/
immigrant
/
galosh
/
accident-prone /
strip /
merit / Band-Aid
Norwegian /
Pennsylvania / Czech
In
the
past
century
when
the
consumer
became
king,
product
innovation
reached
unprecedented
heights.
Now
listen
to
some
of
the
great
things
in-vented
in
the
past
100
years. Fill in the
missing information. Pay special attention to the
name of the inventions and
the time
when they appeared.
Inventions
Time when they appeared
paper clips
1901
Post-its
1980
cellular phones
1973
automatic washing machines
1930s
disposable diapers
1961
zippers
1913
Band-Aids
1921
c
soft contact lenses
1
961
Tapescript;
The
design of paper clips is perfect. There's been
little improvement since Norwegian
Johan
Vaaler
got
his
American
patent
in
1901.
Only
about
20%
are
actually
used
to
clip
papers.
Post-it is one of the top
five best-selling office suppliers. To make Post-
its, introduced in
1980,
3M
had
to
develop
the
adhesive,
primer,
back-side
coating
and
new
manufacturing
equipment.
The first cellular phone
was developed in 1973 by Martin Cooper at
Motorola, and a test
of
1
,000
such
phones
followed
in
Chicago.
The
Federal
Communications
Commission
authorized
cellular service in 1982, and we haven't shut up
since. More than a third of all
house-
holds in the U. S. subscribe.
Among
those
credited
with
making
electric
washing
machines
was
Alva
J.
Fisher.
The
machines used wringers to remove water
from clothes. Truly automatic machines appeared
in the 1930s. An early ad for a GE
washer read,
Monday, there would be an
electric washing machine in every home by Saturday
night.
Oh, baby, what a
convenience! Procter & Gamble's Pampers, bom in
1961 , were first
used
only
for
special
occasions.
Now
the
95%
of
American
parents
who
buy
disposable
diapers will
spend up to $$2,100 a child to avoid washing
diapers.
Zippers
were
invented
in
1913
by
Swedish
immigrant
Gideon
Sundback
at
Universal
Fastener Co. in
Pennsylvania. B. F. Goodrich first used the word
to refer to a fastener on a
pair of its
galoshes; it was not used in clothes until the
1930s. By 1941 zippers beat the pants
off buttons in the Battle of the Fly.
Johnson
&
Johnson
sold
$$3,000
worth
of
handmade
Band-Aids
in
1921
,
the
year
it
introduced them. A company cotton
buyer, Earle Dickson, had created them at home for
his
accident-prone wife. He then
convinced his boss that the strips had merit.
Otto Wichterle, a Czech
scientist, created the first soft contact lens in
1961. Bausch &
Lomb bought the rights
to his process for a reported $$3 million in 1966.
Part 1 Scientists of the
millennium (I)
Key words:
discovery
invention
founder
idea
describe
theory
accept
develop
method
the
first
...
start
base ... on secret
Vocabulary:
type
/
mould
/
astronomer
/
condemn
/
withdraw
/
anatomical
/
vessel
/
artery
/
vein
/
conflict / influential / calculus /
gravitation / principle / philosophy /
unify
the Roman Catholic Church
A
Listen
to
the
first
half
of
a
passage
about
the
discoveries
and
inven-tions
of
ten
important scientists of
the millennium. Complete the fol-lowing chart with
key words.
B
Now listen again and answer the questions with key
words.
What advantages did
Johannes Gutenberg's system have? printing /
faster / easier
In
Nicolaus
Copernicus'
time,
what
did
most
scientists
believe?
earth
/
center
of
universe / no move
How did William Harvey make his
discoveries? cut open dead animals and humans
What did Dr Harvey's
experiments show? blood to body / arteries; blood
to heart / veins
What's the
title of the book published by Isaac Newton? When
was it published?
The
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy / in
1687 Tapescript:
Today we
tell about the discoveries of ten important
scientists of the past 1,000 years.
The earliest of these important
scientists was Johannes Gutenberg. He lived in
Germany
from about 1395 until about
1468. Johannes Guten-berg invented the type mould
and the
first successful system of
movable type used in Europe. This made printing
books faster and
easier. Johan-nes
Gutenberg and others used his invention to produce
books in the City of
Mainz during the
1400s. The system he invented remained unchanged
for 350 years.
Nicolaus
Copernicus was another important scientist. He is
consid-ered the founder of
the modern
science of astronomy, the study of the planets and
stars in the universe. Nicolaus
Copernicus was born in Poland in 1473.
At that time, most scientists accepted the idea
that
the
earth
was
at
the
center
of
the
universe
and
did
not
move.
The
Greek
astronomer
Ptolemy had developed this idea more
than 1 ,000 years earlier. Ptolemy also said that
all the
other
objects
in
space
moved
around
the
earth.
Co-pernicus
believed
that
every
planet,
including
the
earth,
moved
around
the
sun.
He
also
believed
the
earth
moved
around
its
center
once
every
day.
He
described
these
theories
in
1543.
These
theories
were
not
accept-ed
in
his
lifetime.
But
by
the
early
1600s,
other
scientists
began
to
deve-lop
the
method that would prove
Copernicus correct.
Part II
Scientists of the millennium f I)
One of these scientists was
Galileo Galilei. He was born in Italy in 1564.
Galileo was the
first
to
use
the
telescope
to
discover
new
informa-tion
about
the
planets
and
stars.
He
decided
that
the
theory
that
all
planets
circled
the
sun
was
correct.
The
Roman
Catholic
Church condemned Gal-ileo for saying
Copernicus was right. For centuries, the Church
had
taught that the sun, the planets
and the stars moved around the earth. Three
hundred and
fifty
years
passed
before
the
Roman
Catholic
Church
admitted
officially
that
it
was
wrong
and withdrew its condemnation of
Galileo.
Our fourth
scientist of the millennium is William Harvey. He
was born in England in 1578.
He
discovered how blood moves in animals and people.
Dr Harvey described this in 1628 in
the
book An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the
Heart and of the Blood in Animals. This
work was the start of all modem
research on the heart and blood vessels. Dr Harvey
based
his discoveries on observations
and by cutting open dead animals and humans. Dr
Harvey's
experiments
showed
that
the
heart
forces
blood
through
the
arteries
to
the
body.
He
showed
that the blood returns to the heart through the
veins. His idea conflicted with the
widely
accepted
ideas
of
the
time.
It
has
been
called
one
of
the
most
important
medical
discoveries of the millennium.
Isaac
Newton was
another
influential scientist of
the
past 1
,000
years. Many experts
say he was the most
important scientist of them all. He was born in
England in 1642. Isaac
Newton
invented a
new
kind
of mathematics
called calculus. He
discovered the
secrets of
light and color and his theory of
gravitation showed how the universe is held
together. Isaac
Newton
published
his
discoveries
on
the
laws
of
motion
and
the
theory
of
gravitation
in
1687 in his book The Mathe-matical
Principles of Natural Philosophy. It was the first
book to
de-scribe
a
unified
system
of
scientific
rules
explaining
what
happens
on
earth
and
in
the
universe. It is considered one of the
greatest works in the history of science.
Part 111 Scientists of the
millennium (II)
Key words:
idea theory discovery method establish
invention change
Vocabulary:
origin / species / by means of /
organism / evolution / survive / reproduce /
microorganism /
Pasteurization / germ /
resistance / inject / vaccination / vaccine /
deadly / affect / motion
picture /
device / unconscious / psychiatry / sexual /
dispute / document / mass / square /
atomic energy
A
You
are
going
to
hear
the
second
half
of
the
passage
about
the
dis-coveries
and
inventions of ten
important scientists of the millennium. Complete
the chart with key words.
Part III
Scientists of the
millennium ( II )
B Now
listen again. Decide whether the statements are
true or false. Put
the brackets.
Charles Darwin thought that
all living things developed from simple organisms.
Darwin's
ideas
were
strongly
opposed
by
many
religious
people
in
the
past.
But
now
people
are all in favor of them.
Louis Pasteur believed that it is tiny
organisms that spread most diseases.
Thomas Edison considered the motion
picture his most important invention.
Albert Einstein's most famous theory is
about time, space, mass, movement and gravity.
Albert Einstein's most
famous theory led to the discovery of atomic
energy.
Tapescript;
Charles Darwin was another important
scientist of the past 1 ,000 years. He was born in
England in 1809. In 1859, he published
a book called On the Origin of Species by Means of
Natural
Selection.
He
ex-plained
his
ideas
that
all
living
things
developed
from
simple
organisms.
He
said
these
organisms
changed
during
millions
of
years
to
produce
dif-ferentkinds
of
plants
and
animals,
including
humans.
This
is
known
as
the
theory
of
evolution.
Charles
Darwin's
studies
showed
that
some
ani-mals
and
plants
have
natural
abilities that help
them survive. They pass these abilities to their
young when they reproduce.
Other plants
and ani-mals that are less able to survive and
reproduce may disappear. Charles
Darwin's
theories
provided
new
ideas
about
the
developments
of
living
things.
However,
they shocked many
religious people. Many people to-day still
strongly oppose the theory of
evolution
because it conflicts with their religious beliefs.
(T) (F) (T) (F) (T) (T)
Our
next
important
scientist
of
the
past
1,000
years
is
Louis
Pasteur.
His
discoveries
saved
many
lives.
Louis
Pasteur
was
born
in
1822
in
France.
He
became
a
professor
of
chemistry.
He
discovered
that
heat
could
kill
harmful
microorganisms.
Soon
this
Pasteurization
method
was
used
to
keep
many
foods
and
drinks
safe.
He
also
helped
us
establish
thegerm
theory
when
he
recognized
that
most
diseases
are
spread
by
tiny
or-ganisms
that
reproduce
in
the
body.
Louis
Pasteur
also
proved
that
an
an-imal
can
develop a resistance to a harmful
organism if the organism is weakened in a
laboratory and
injected into the
animal's body. He called this method of preventing
disease vaccination. He
developed
vaccines to prevent deadly diseases in animals and
people.
The inventor Thomas
Edison was another influential scientist. He was
born in the United
States
in
1847.
His
work
made
possible
the
pro-gress
of
technology
in
the
20th
century.
Almost everyone has been affect-ed by
the inventions of Thomas Edison. These include the
motion pic-ture, sound recording, and
electric light. They are only three of the many
devices
Thomas
Edison
invented
or
helped
to
improve.
He
also
in-vented
devices
to
improve
the
telephone.
He
improved
machines
that
pro-duced
electricity.
And
he
worked
on
many
electric motors,
including those for trains. Thomas Edison once
said the electric light was the
most
difficult to develop. He also called it his most
important invention.
Our
next scientist of the millennium is the Austrian
doctor Sigmund Freud. He changed
scientific ideas about the mind. Dr
Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia. He established
the
idea
that
dreams
help
us
understand
our
unconscious
self.
He
said
this
is
the
part
of
the
mind
containing wi-shes, desires, or bad experiences
too frightening to recognize. Sigmund
Freud's work on the causes and
treatment of mental sicknesses helped to form the
ideas of
modern psychiatry. His ideas
about sexual development led to the discussion and
treatment
of
sexual
problems. Many of Sigmund
Freud's
ideas are
no
longer
used
today, but
no
one
disputes his great in-fluence on the
science of mental health.
Our
final
scientist
of
the
past
1,000
years
is
Albert
Einstein.
He
changed
the
way
we
understand the universe.
The great scientist was born in Germany in 1879.
In 1905, Albert
Einstein published one
of the most important scientific documents in
history. It explained his
special
theory of relativity. This theory is about the
ideas we use to describe natural events.
It is about time, space, mass, movement
and gravity. Albert Einstein is perhaps best known
for
his
mathematical
statement
E
=
mc2
or
energy
equals
mass
times
the
speed
of
light
squared. This statement ex-
Part III
Scientists of the
millennium { II)
plained that a great
amount of energy could come from a small piece of
matter. It explained
how the sun could
give off heat and light for millions of years. It
also led to the discovery of
atomic
energy.
Albert
Einstein's
theories,
like
those
of
the
other
great
scientists
of
the
millennium, changed our world.
Part Yy
Short talks on
listening skills
Listen
to
the
short
talk
entitled
Letting
Things
Go
桽
peed
and
Vocabula-ry.
Some
important
words are taken away from the written passage.
Supply the missing words.
Letting
Things Go
桽
peed and
Vocabulary
Many
English
language
learners
believe
that
the
greatest
difficul-ty
with
listening
comprehension is
that the listener cannot control how quickly a
speaker speaks. They feel
that
the
utterances
disappear
be-fore
they
can
sort
them
out,
whereas
the
words
in
a
written text re-main on
the page where the reader can glance back at them
or re-examine
them thoroughly. This
frequently means that students who are learning to
listen cannot keep
up. They are so busy
working out the meaning of one part of what they
hear that they miss
the next part. Or
they simply ignore a whole section because they
fail to sort it out quickly
enough.
Either way, they fail.
Another
difficulty
is
that the
listener
is not always
in
a
position
to
get
the
speaker
to
repeat what has
been said. And, of course, re-peats cannot be
asked for when listening to
the radio
or watching tele-vision.
Choice of vocabulary is in the hands of
the speaker, not the lis-tener, although in some
circumstances it is possible to stop
the speak-er and ask for clarification. Sometimes
listeners
can get the meaning of a word
from its context. But very often, for people
listening to a
/
foreign language, an unknown word can
be like a suddenly dropped barrier causing them to
stop and think about the meaning of the
word and thus making them miss the next part of
the speech. In listening, it really is
a case of
Indeed,
determination to listen to what is coming, and
letting things that have passed
go
rather than dwelling upon them, often gives
surprisingly good results. Speakers often say
things more than once, or rephrase
them, or another speaker echoes what has been
said.
The listener who has not
third chance to fill the gap in the
mes-sage he or she is receiving. In fact, when we
listen, we
actually
lis-ten
with
a
purpose.
Although
it
is
sometimes
necessary
to
get
detailed
and
specific information on
the subject, it is, more often than not, quite
enough for us to grasp
the key words
and the main points.
Students need to develop the skill of
keeping up with the speaker (even being ahead of
the
speaker)
even
if
this
means
letting
parts
which
they
have
failed
to
sort
out
pass.
Professor
H.
H.
Stern
says
that
the
good
language
learner
is
the
one
who
tolerate
vagueness and incompleteness of
knowledge.
v
Part IV
Short talks on
listening skills
It's Great to Be a Champion
I
Part
Warming up
Key words:
stand raise
stretch swing touch bend Vocabulary:
stretch / sideways / rhythm
You
are
going
to
hear
some
instructions
on
how
to
do
keep-fit
exercises.
Listen
carefully.
Write down the important points in each
step. Preparatory Movements
Stand straight.
Feet apart.
Hands by your sides.
Relax.
Exercise Steps
A deep
breath.
Raise your arms to
shoulder height. Stretch them out sideways.
Swing your right arm down
to touch your left toes. Keep your left arm
stretched out.
Don't bend your knees.
Up straight.
Your left hand down to touch your right
toes.
Up again.
£
>o I Unit 6
00 I
It's Great to Be a Champion
Tapescript;
Right everyone. Stand
straight ?feet apart ?hands by your sides. Relax.
Everybody ready?
Right
?a
nice
deep
breath
?now
raise
your
arms
to
shoulder
height
and
stretch
them
out
sideways. Good ?now swing your right
arm down to touch your left toes ?keep your left
arm
stretched out. Don't bend your
knees ?your legs should be straight ?and up
straight again.
Now your
left
hand
down to
touch your
right
toes
?and
up
again. Everybody
happy?
Now
let's do this with a bit
of rhythm. Right down, touch your toes and up
?left down, touch your
toes and up ?and
again, right down, touch your toes and up ?left
down, touch your toes and
up ?keep
those knees straight. Now keep go-ing until 1 tell
you to stop.
Key words:
dash world record hurdles
gold medal marathon
high
jump long jump javelin throw
Vocabulary:
dash
/ hurdle / javelin
Jamaica /
Morocco / Bulgaria / Ethiopia / Cuba / Soviet
Union /
Czech Republic
You are going to hear some of track and
field world records. Complete the chart. Pay
special
attention to the nationality,
the record and the date.
(to be
continued)
Tapescript;
In
track
events,
Usain
Bolt
from
Jamaica
is
the
fastest
man
in
100
meters
dash.
His
record is 9. 69 seconds
and was set on August 16, 2008.
Florence Griffith-Joyner from the USA
set the record for the women's 100 meters dash
in 10.49 seconds on July 16, 1988.
The men's 1,500 meters race
world record was set by Hicham El Guerrouj from
Morocco
on July 14, 1998, and his
record is 3 mi-nutes 26 seconds.
The
fastest
woman
in
the
world
in
1,500
meters
race
is
Qu
Yunxia
from
China.
Her
record
is 3 minutes 50. 46 seconds and she set the
record on September 11, 1993.
The world record for men's
110 meters hurdles was set by Dayron Robles from
Cuba on
June 13, 2008. The record is
12.87 seconds.
The gold
medal winner for the women's 100 meters hurdles is
Yor- dankaDonkova from
Bulgaria, and
her record is 12. 21 seconds. That was set on
August 20, 1988.
In
20
kilometers
race
walk
for
men,
Vladimir
Kanaykin
from
Russia
is
the
gold
medal
winner. His record is 1 hour 17 minutes
16 seconds. It was set on September 29, 2007.
In 20 kilometers race walk
for women, the record is 1 hour 25 mi-nutes and 41
seconds,
which was set by
OlimpiadaIvanova from Russia on August 7, 2005.
Who
is
the
world
record
holder
for
men's
marathon?
It's
Haile
Ge-
brselassie
from
Ethiopia, and his record is 2 hours 4
minutes 26 seconds. He set the record on September
30,
2007.
For
women's marathon, Paula Radcliffe from Great
Britain holds the record in 2 hours 15
minutes and 25 seconds. The record was
set on April 13, 2003.
In
field events, Javier Sotomayor from Cuba is the
man who jumps highest in the world.
His
record is 2. 45 meters. It was set on July 27,
1993.
StefkaKostadinova
from
Bulgaria
seized
the
gold
medal
for
women's
high
jump
on
August 30, 1987. Her record is 2. 09
meters.
The world record
for men's long jump owes to Mike Powell from the
USA, whose record
is 8. 95 meters. He
set this record on August 30, 1991.
The world record for women's long jump
owes to Galina Chistyakova from the former
Soviet Union, whose record is 7. 52
meters. She set this record on June 11 , 1988.
In the men's javelin throw,
the world record holder is Jan Zelezny from Czech
Republic.
His record is 98. 48 meters,
which was set on May 25, 1996.
Osleidys Menendez from Cuba is the
world record holder for the women's javelin throw.
Her record is 71.70 meters, which was
set
on August 14, 2005.
Key
words:
happy face men's 110-meter
hurdles world record
Vocabulary:
countryman / sprint
Lausanne
Listen to the following news item and
supply the missing information. Tapescript;
Part II
iHtn JK
A
A very happy face on Liu
Xiang of China. He broke the men's I IO-meter
hurdles world
record at the meet in
Lausanne, Switzerland. Liu crossed the finish line
in the time of 12. 88
seconds,
breaking
the
old
mark
he
shared
with
Britain's
Colin
Jackson
by
three
one
hundredth of a second. American
Dominique Arnold also broke the old record but he
took
second
place
in
12.
90
seconds.
His
countryman
Terrence
Tranmell
finished
third,
13.02
seconds.
Jackson originally
set
the
record
in 1993,
but
the
22-year-old Liu
tied
it
when
he
became
China's first ever Olympic sprint gold medalist at
the 2004 Athens Game.
They are the
champion!
Key words:
adventurer round-the-world journey
human power circumnavigate globe Moksha transport
route
Vocabulary:
circumnavigate
/
do
sth.
under
one's
own
steam
/
Greenwich
Meridian
Line
/
custom-designed / pedal-powered boat /
epic / kayak / in-line skate / limb / amputate /
spy /
charity / hang up
one's boots / rolling / cozy / take the
mickey
Colorado
Al
Listen
to
a
passage
about
Jason
Lewis
the
circumnavigator.
While
listening,
pay
special attention to numbers and dates.
Write down in the blanks what those numbers or
dates refer to.
13 years The round-the-world journey
lasted 13 years.
46,000
miles (75,000 km) The journey covered 46,000 miles
(75,000 km).
40 The
traveler Jason is 40 years old.
5 He crossed 5 continents.
2 He crossed 2 oceans.
1 He crossed 1 sea.
26 ft (8 m) His boat is 26ft (8 m)
long.
12 July, 1994 The
journey began on 12 July, 1994.
26
Jason was 26 years old when he started the
journey. 10. 6 weeks Jason spent 6 weeks in
hospital in Colorado.
A2 Now
listen again. After that you are going to hear
five statements. Decide whether they
are true or false. 1. (F) 2. (T) 3. (T)
4. (F) 5. (T)
Tapescript:
After
13
years
and
46,000
miles
(75,000
km)
a
British
adventurer
has
completed
a
round-the-world journey using human
power alone.
Jason
Lewis,
40,
crossed
five
continents,
two
oceans
and
a
sea
to
become
the
first
person
to circumnavigate the globe under his own steam.
He finally returned to the
UK on Saturday, crossing the Greenwich Meridian
Line, in his
custom-designed, 26ft
(8m), pedal-powered boat,
his journey
began on 12 July, 1994 when he was just 26 years
old.
Jason
used
a
variety
of
modes
of
transport
during
his
epic
journey,
including
cycling,
swimming, kayaking, and in-line
skating. His route took him west from Britain to
the USA and
then on to Australia, Asia,
and Africa before returning to Europe from the
east.
The journey was not
without dangers: in Colorado Jason was run over by
a drunk driver
while in-line skating at
the side of the road. He spent six weeks in
hospital and nearly had a
limb
amputated.
As well as
surviving the car accident, Jason was robbed and
beaten
several times
on
his
journey,
chased
by
a
giant
crocodile
in
Australia,
and
arrested
by
the
Egyptian
military
as
a
suspected
spy.
But
on
the
way
he
has
raised
money
for
children's
charities
around
the
world
as
well
as
developing
an
education
program
for
schoolchildren
based on his travels. What now for the
world traveler?
Jason
is
happy
to
be
back
and
may
hang
up
his
boots
for
a while.
seen
enough
deserts.
I've
missed
green
rolling
hills
and
cozy
pubs,
sitting
by
the
fire
drinking
a
pint
of
warm
beer,
Statements:
Jason Lewis sailed around the world in
a sailing boat.
He used only his own
body to power a variety of vehicles.
He
returned to the same place where his journey
began.
Doctors removed one of his legs
after a traffic accident.
He has
generated funds for charitable organizations.
Key words:
ace racing driver
Formula 1 World Champion Vocabulary:
ace / phenomenal / secure / consecutive
/ lap / reputed
Spa / Ferrari
Listen to a passage about Michael
Schumacher. Complete the fast facts about him.
Fast Facts;
Name: Michael
Schumacher Nationality; German Occupation; Racing
driver Achievements:
Most wins in the
history of Formula 1 : 7 seasons, 1994, 1995,
2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004.
Most career wins: 91
Most
wins in a season; 13 in 2004
6
Most career pole positions: 66 Most
points during a season: 148 in 2004 Most
consecutive
world championships: 5,
from 2000 to 2004 Most consecutive race wins: 7 in
2004 Most laps
leading; 69 Most fastest
laps: 76 Earnings:
The
highest paid racing driver in the world The second
highest earning sportsman in the
world
Total income in 2004: US $$80 million Ferrari's
salary: US$$40 million Retirement: at the
end of the 2006 season
Tapescript:
German
ace
Michael
Schumacher
is
widely
recognized
as
being
the
world's
best
ever
racing
driver.
In
1995
Michael
became
the
youngest
double
Formula
1
World
Champion
(1994
and
1995
seasons)
ever.
He
is
also
the
2000,
2001,
2002,
2003
and
2004
World
Champion. This phe-
nomenal record speaks for itself. In 2003 he beat
Juan Manuel Fangio's
five championships
from the 1950s, by taking his sixth! He has now
re-tired from F1 , at the
end of the
2006 season.
The 2004
championship was secured by Michael before its
conclu-sion, making it title
number 7.
He did it by finishing 2nd at Spa in Bel-gium, in
Ferrari's 700th race, to accumulate
enough points to seal the deal.
Michael also holds the F1
records for: most career wins (91) , most wins in
a season (13
in 2004) , most career
pole positions (66) , most points during a season
(148 in 2004) , most
consecutive world
champion-ships (5 from 2000 to 2004) , most
consecutive race wins (7 in
2004) ,
most laps leading (69) , most fastest laps (76) ,
plus several others'
Michael
is
the
highest
paid
racing
driver
in
the
world
and
second
highest
earning
sportsman in the
world, earning a reputed US$$80 million in 2004
($$40 million of which was
his salary
from Ferrari).
Part TIT
Luck
in the hat
Key words:
the
London Marathon fund-raising keep up with worst
moment final time
Vocabulary:
stature / get round to
A
Listen
to
some
statements
about
the
London
Marathon.
Pay
special
attention
to
numbers.
Tapescript;
The
first London Marathon was held on March 29. 1981.
Some 20,000 people wanted to
run; 7,747
were accepted. There were 6,255 finishers.
Since then the event has
continued to grow in size, stature and popu-
larity.
Since the first
race in 1981 over 413 .181 people have completed
the London Marathon.
There
were a record of 30,809 finishers in the 1999
Flora London Marathon.
Another
aspect
of
the
London
Marathon
which
has
developed
over
the
years
is
its
success as
a charity fund-raising event. It is estimated that
over 80 million pounds has been
raised
for numerous charities over the years.
B Listen to an interview with John
Goodman, a runner in the London Marathon. Supply
the missing information with key words.
Interviewer
John Goodman
number of
participation in the Marathon
distance
of
the
London
Mtrcthon
preparation
for the
Marathon
feeling
at
the
start
of
the
race
worst moment in the
race
final time twice
26
miles and a bit more
running a maximum
of about 20 miles a week
worried /
nervous about the injury to the ankle
when realizing that he was unable to
complete the last 3 miles as fast at the previous
23
2 hours 47 minutes
C Now listen again. Decide
whether the statements are true or false.
Put
he thought
they were not good at all.
(T) 2. John Goodman was hoping to run each mile in
round
about sev-en minutes although the
first mile marker showed that he had taken nine
and half
minutes to run. (F) 3. John
felt in pain during the race because of the
injured ankle. (F) 4.
John
has
missed
the
qualifying
date
so
he
won't
be
able
to
take
part
in
the
next
year
Marathon.
Tapescript;
J
桱
ohn
R
桼
uth
J: I did the Marathon, that's the
London Marathon, last year and this
year, those are the only Marathons I've
done. R: So you've done it twice?
J:
(I've) done the London Marathon twice ?that's
right! R: Wow
梙
ow far is it?
J: It's 26 miles and a little bit
more
桰
don't know
exactly how many
extra
yards and by that stage I'm not counting. R: Well,
wh-what do you do to prepare
for it?
J: Ah . . . in my case, I did a little
bit more running than I normally do R: And what do
you
normally do?
J: Well, I go out running about once a
week, for about an hour, and I only did a little
bit
more for the London Marathon than I
would nor-mally do, so I was running a maximum of
about 20 miles a week. I never did any
more than that.
R: And do
you do keep fit exercises and things, or is it
just running?
J: When I go
out running I tend to get home and within a couple
of mi-nutes of getting
home, I'm out
there
梠
n the
streets
梬
ith no war-ming up
exercises or anything. But it's best
to
do warming up exerci-ses beforehand. I never seem
to get round to doing them.
R: Ha! Why not?
J: Laziness, I think!
R: How did you feel at the start of the
race?
J: I was still very
worried about an injury to my, to my foot . . .
R: To your foot?
J: Well, actually to my
ankle.
R: From running?
J : I hurt my ankle playing
football about three days before.
R: So you were quite nervous.
J: I was quite nervous. So
I was nervous about my ankle and I was very
concerned about
making sure I kept up
with the time that I hoped to run each mile in
during the race. And I
was hoping to
run each mile in round about seven minutes.
Because the whole field moved
very
slowly at the start, the first mile marker went by
and I'd taken nine and a half minutes to
run.
R: So you
were going too slowly.
J:
So
I
was
going
too
slowly.
And
I
remembered
the
same
thing
hap-pened
last
year
when I did the
Marathon.
R: What was your
. .. can you remember your worst moment in the
race?
J: I didn't really
feel in pain or worried until right at the end
when I real-ized that I was
unable to
complete the last three miles of the race as fast
as I'd done the previous 23.
R: So what was your final time?
J : My time was 2 hours and
47 minutes.
R: That's
pretty good, isn't it? That's quite fast!
J: It was certainly half an
hour faster than the time I put up last year any-
way !
R: That's wonderful!
Are you going to do it next year?
J: I tried to do it next year, but I've
missed the qualifying date.
R: So you haven't got a place.
J: I haven't got a place,
but there's a running club I belong to, and they
get one spare
place. So all the runners
who haven't got in, their names go into the hat
and with any luck
my name will be the
lucky one. And in fact that's how I got into the
London Marathon in the
first place, it
was really just a lucky chance last year.
R: Oh I see, well, good
luck with it then.
J: Thank
you very much, Ruth.
Part [ Language
study and language appreciation
Listen to the following statements you
have learned in the previous and
present units. Pay special attention to
the parts in bold type. Learn to
appreciate and use the language.
(to be) daunted by the thought of
Still daunted by the thought of
reprogramming your video cas-sette recorder, let
alone your
digital versatile disc'!
to hijack one's attention
Ambient commercials will also hijack
your attention by using tastes and smells.
on the track
Andrew has
collected more than 125 trophies for his feats on
the track.
to set around / collect dust
His awesome display of hardware has not
set around collec-ting dust.
a
worthwhile purpose
.
—
^^
After
seeing
the
crippled
children
on
television,
they
knew
they
had
found
a
worthwhile
purpose for the
trophies.
unselfish gesture / to bring
praise from
Andrew's
unselfish
gesture
has
brought
praise
from
Michigan
State
Representative
and
Speaker of the House, Bobby Crimm.
to bear in mind / to affect the future
course of one's life
Bear in mind that
the career you choose will affect the future
course of your life.
to give preference
to . . . / other things being equal
Remember
that
when
promotion
occurs,
preference
is
usually
given
to
educated
persons?other things being equal.
a fund of experience
Remember they have a tremendous fund of
experience from which you should benefit.
to satisfactorily account / to give the
impression that ...
However hard 1 try,
there always seems to be a year or two for which I
cannot satisfactorily
account and
which, I am certain, if left blank, will give the
impression that I was in prison or
engaged in some occupation too dubious
to mention.
credit with
Among those credited with making
electric washing machines was Alva J. Fisher.
the fastest man (woman) in . . .
Usain Bolt from Jamaica is the fastest
man in 100 meters dash.
The fastest
woman in the world in 1,500 meters race is Qu
Yunxia from China.
to set the record
for ... / the record is set by . . .
Florence Griffith-Joyner from the USA
set the record for the women's 100 meters dash in
10.
49 seconds on July 16, 1988.
The men's 1,500 meters race world
record was set by Hicham El Guerrouj from Morocco
on
July 14, 1998.
In
20
kilometers
race
walk
for
women,
the
record
is
1
hour
25
minutes
and
41
seconds,
which
was set by OlimpiadaIvanova from Russia on August
7 , 2005.
to seize the gold medal for
.../ the gold medal winner (for ... )
StefkaKostadinova from Bulgaria seized
the gold medal for women's high jump on August 30,
1987.
The
gold
medal
winner
for
the
women's
100
meters
hurdles
is
YordankaDonkova
from
Bulgaria.
In 20 kilometers
race walk for men, Vladimir Kanaykin from Russia
is the gold medal winner.
to hold the
record / the world record holder
For
women's
marathon,
Paula
Radcliffe
from
Great
Britain
holds
the
record
in
2
hours
15
minutes
and 25 seconds.
In the men's javelin
throw, the world record holder is Jan Zelezny from
Czech Republic.
the world record for .
.. owes to . . .
The world record for
men's long jump owes to Mike Powell from the USA,
whose record is 8.
95 meters.
The
world
record
for
women's
long
jump
owes
to
Galina
Chi-
styakova
from
the
former
Soviet Union, whose
record is 7. 52 meters.
under one's own
steam
Jason Lewis, 40, crossed five
continents, two oceans and a sea to become the
first person to
circumnavigate the
globe un-der his own steam.
to hang up
one's boots
Jason is happy to be back
and may hang up his boots for a while.
to take the mickey
It's nice
to be with people who take the mickey out of each
other.
to be secured by / to make . ..
title
The
2004
championship
was
secured
by
Michael
before
its
con-clusion
,
making
it
title
number 7.
to seal the deal
c
He did it by finishing 2nd
at Spa in Belgium, in Ferrari's 700th race, to
accumulate enough
points to seal the
deal.
Key words:
newspaper
circulation copies sells daily Vocabulary:
circulation / tribune / daily / quality
Listen
to
some
information
about
the
circulation
of
some
major
British
and
American
newspapers. Write
down the numbers as rapidly as you can.
Tapescript:
The Boston Globe, a leading newspaper
in the eastern part of the U. S., has a
circulation
of 604,068 copies per day.
The Chicago Tribune sells
957,212 copies daily.
The
Daily Mail in Britain sells 2 ,426,533 copies
every day.
The Daily
Mirror, a popular paper in Britain, has a daily
circulation of 1,719,743 copies.
The Daily Telegraph in Britain has a
daily circulation of 907,329 copies.
The Financial Times is famous for its
business and stock exchange news and has a small
but steady circulation of 419,386
copies daily.
The Guardian
is a daily newspaper published in Britian and
sells 366,645 copies every
day.
The Los Angeles Times is a
national daily published in California. It reached
I ,231 ,318
copies in circulation.
Leisure Time
I
Part
Warming up
The
New
York
Times
in
America
is
more
than
a
hundred
years
old
and
has
a
daily
circulation of 1 ,683 ,855 copies.
10. The Observer is one of
the
copies every Sunday.
1 I. The Sun , another popular daily in
Britain, sells 3 ,273 .116 copies ev-ery day.
The
Sunday
Times,
another
national
Sunday
paper
in
Britain,
has
a
circulation
of
1 ,400,873 copies.
The Times is the most
influential national newspaper in Britain with a
daily circulation of
679,190 copies.
The
USA
Today
is
among
the
most
popular
daily
newspapers
in
Amer-ica
with
a
daily
circulation of 2,528,437 copies.
The Wall Street Journal,
published by Dow Jones & Company, Inc. is a
financial daily in
America and it sells
2 ,058,342 copies daily.
The Washington Post, a daily newspaper
published in Washington D. C., has a circulation
of 960,684 copies.
Key
words:
books classified subject Dewey
Decimal System main class divisions subdivided
sections
Vocabulary:
Dewey
Decimal
System
/
recreation
/
biography
/
correspond
/
landscape
/
sculpture
/
engraving / subdivide / horsemanship
You are going to hear a brief account
of the book classification in librar-
Tapescript:
In
most libraries books are classified according to
their subject on the Dewey Decimal
System. Under this system knowledge is
divided into ten main classes and named as
follows;
giving
the
second
figure
of
a
book's
classification
number,
and,
within
the
main
classes,
books are grouped on the shelves to
correspond. For in-stance, books on art and
recreation
are arranged in the
following divi-sions :
Each division of a main class is then
subdivided into ten sections, the first covering
the
subject in general and the others,
numbered 0-9, dealing with its branches.
Here is an example;
Key words:
composer be born die Vocabulary:
composer / ingenious / renowned /
celebrated / prominent
You
will
hear
the
dates
of
birth
and
the
dates
of
death
of
ten
world
famous
composers.
Listen carefully.
Fill in the blanks with the dates you hear. Write
as rapidly as you can. You
may use
short forms for the months. For example; Jan. for
January; Feb. for February.
Tapescript:
Johann Bach, a famous
German composer, was born on March 21 . 1685 and
died on
January 28, 1750.
George Handel, a well-known German-bom
British composer, was born on February 23,
1685 and died on April 14, 1759.
Wolfgang Mozart was a
brilliant Austrian composer, who was bom on
January 27 , 1756
and died on December
5 , 1791.
Ludwig
Beethoven,
an
ingenious
German
composer,
was
bom
on
December
17,
1770
and died on March 26,
1827.
As one of the
outstanding Austrian composers, Franz Schubert was
born on January 31,
1797 and died on
November 19, 1828.
Felix
Mendelssohn, another famous German composer, was
born on February 3. 1809
and died on
November 1 , 1847.
Poland
also produced a well-known composer, Frederic
Chopin, who was bom on March
I , 1810
and died on October 17. 1849.
Franz Liszt was a renowned Hungarian
composer. He was born on October 22 , 1811 and
died on July 31 , 1886.
Johann Strauss, another celebrated
Austrian composer, was bom on October 25, 1825
and died on June 3, 1899.
10.
As
the
most
prominent
Russian
composer,
Peter
Tchaikovsky
was
bom
on
May
7,
1840 and
died on December 6, 1893.