-
课时跟踪练
(
一
)
Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
People
and
the
sources
of
air
pollution
are
found
in
the
same
places.
This
means
that
cities with large populations have the biggest
problem of
dirty air. Air pollution is
caused by many different things. A
major source of air pollution is the
gas fumes (
烟雾
) from cars.
Statistics
show
that
93
percent
of
all
auto
trips
are
within
cities.
Another
major
source
of
dirty
is
the
burning
of
coal
and
oil
for
energy.
This
energy
is
needed
to
make
electricity.
Of
course,
much
more
electricity
is
used
in
the
city
than in the
countryside.
On the average, we throw
away more trash and garbage than the year before.
The
burning of garbage contributes to
air pollution. Many major industries are also
responsible for the dirty air in the
around cities. The fumes from iron, steel,
chemical, and petroleum
(
石油
) production add
particles (
微粒
) to the air.
The effects of air pollution range from
loss of clear vision, mild headaches
to
death. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel,
fumes may kill trees and plants
and
cause metal to corrode (
腐蚀
).
In some larger cities, these fumes
endanger
the
life
of human beings by contributing to lung diseases
and causing early deaths.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了城
市空气污染的原因与后果，旨在呼吁人们停止继续污染空气。
1
．
The key point
of the passage is that .
A
．
the cause of
air pollution is people
B
．
the causes and
the effects of air pollution are both found in
cities
C
．
the
effects of air pollution range from headaches to
deaths
D
．
air
pollution is caused by dirty air
解析：选
B
主旨大意题。根据各段首
句，特别是第一段的首句可知，本文主要讲的是
城市里的空气污染原因与后果。
2
．
What is
the purpose of this passage?
A
．
To persuade
people to stop polluting the air.
B
．
To tell the
causes of air pollution.
C
．
To tell why
cities have larger populations.
D
．
To describe why
cities are bad places to live.
解析：选
A
写作意图题。空气污染严
重危害人的健康，所以本文的目的是呼吁人们停
止污染空气。
3
．
Why is air
pollution heavier in the city than in the
countryside?
A
．
Because there
are more people in city.
B
．
Because the air
in the city is thinner.
C
．
Because there
are more cars in the city.
D
．
Because there
are more air pollution sources in the city.
解析：选
D
细节理解题。根据第一段
第二、三两句可知，城市里有更多的空气污
染源。
4
．
In larger
cities, the fumes from coal and oil may result in
.
A
．
heart
diseases
C
．
lung diseases
B
．
serious
headaches
D
．
loss of clear vision
解析：选
C
细节理解题。根据文章最
后一句可知选
C
。
B
There
is
an
old
Chinese
proverb
that
states
“One
generation
plants
the
trees;
another
gets
the
shade”，
and
this
is
how
it
should
be
with
mothers
and
daughters.
The relationship
between a mother and daughter is sometimes
confusing. If close,
the relationship
can be similar to friendship. However, the mother
and daughter
relationship
has
unique
characteristics
that
distinguish
it
from
a
friendship.
These
characteristics
include
the
hierarchy
(
等级
)
and
unconditional
love
，
which
preclude
mothers and
daughters from being best friends.
Marina, 27 years old, says, “I love
spending time with my mom, but I wouldn't
consider her my best friend. Best
friends don't
pay for
your
wedding.
Best friends
don't
remind
you
how
they
carried
you
in
their
body
and
gave
you
life
！
Best
friends
don't
tell
you
how
wise
they
are
because
they
have
been
alive
at
least
20
years
longer
than you.” This
doesn't mean that the mother and daughter
relationship can't be
very close and
satisfying.
While
some
adult
relationships
are
still
troubled,
many
find
them
to
be
extremely
rewarding.
This
generation
of
mothers
and
adult
daughters
has
a
lot
in
common,
which
increases
the
likelihood
of
shared
companionship.
Mothers
and
daughters
have
always
shared the common
experience of being homemakers, responsible for
maintaining and
passing on family
values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers
and daughters
also
share
the
experience
of
the
workforce
and
technology,
which
may
bring
them
even
closer together.
Best
friends
may
or
may
not
continue
to
be
best
friends,
but
for
better
or
worse,
the
mother
and
daughter
relationship
is
permanent,
even
if
they
aren't
speaking
for
some
unfortunate
reason.
The
mother
and
daughter
relationship
is
still
closer
than
any
other.
There
is
not
an
equal
relationship.
Daughters
should
not
feel
responsible
for
their
mothers'
emotional
well?being.
It
isn't
that
they
don't
care
deeply
about
their
mothers.
It's
just
that
they
shouldn't
be
burdened
with
their
mother's
well?being.
The
mother
and
daughter
relationship
is
a
relationship
that
is
not
replaceable
by any other.
Mothers never stop being mothers, which includes
frequently wanting
to
protect
their
daughters
and
often
feeling
responsible
for
their
happiness.
Mother
always “trumps”
friends.
语篇解读：
本文对
比了母女之间的友谊和好朋友之间的友谊，
主要是为了说明母女之间的友
谊更持久。
5
．The
underlined
word
“preclude”
in
Paragraph
1
probably
means
“
”．
A
．
differ
C
．
benefit
B
．
prevent
D
．
change
解
析
：
选
< br>B
词
义
猜
测
题
。
根
据
第
二
段
“Best
friends
don't
pay
for
your
wedding ...Best friends don't tell you
how wise they are
...”可推断，这里指母女
< br>之间不能成为最好的朋友，
preclude
意为“阻止
”，故答案为
B
。
6
．
Why do many
mothers and adult daughters keep a rewarding
relationship?
A
．
Because they
have a lot of common interests.
B
．
Because they
have common family values.
C
．
Because they
have no generation gap.
D
．
Because they
keep a constant relationship.
解析：选
A
细节理解题。根据第三段
的介绍，特别是第一句可知，多数母亲与成年女
儿之间存在一种报答关系。
因为母亲与成年女儿之间的共同之处是她们都是家庭主人、
都担
当责任并传递家庭观念与传统等。
7
．
What do we know
from the passage?
A
．
The mother and
daughter relationship can be replaced by a best
friend.
B
．
A
mother's love brings her and her daughter a close
friendship.
C
．
The
mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best
friends' friendship.
D
．
Marina has a
troubled relationship with her mother.
解析：选
C
推理判断题。根据第四段“...but
for
better
or
worse,
the
mother
and