EHS绩效指标数字化设定-事件比率

INCIDENT

RATES

事件比率

Incident rates are an indication of how many incidents have occurred, or how severe they

were.

They are measurements

only

of past performance or lagging indicators.

Incident

rates are also only one of many items that can be used for measuring performance.

There

are many items that should be used to measure performance, most of which are positive

in nature; incident rates tend to be viewed as an indication of something that is wrong

with a safety system, rather than what is positive or right about the system.

In spite of

this, for many companies, incident rates remain the primary indicator of safety

performance measurement.

This is primarily because incident rates are fairly easy to

figure out, and can be easily compared between one company and another, and are used

throughout industry.

事件比率表示事件发生的次数或事件的严重程度。事件比率

只

通过过往表现和滞

后指标进行衡量。事件比 率也是各个项目中唯一的一个可以用于衡量性能的比率。

衡量性能应该使用各类项目，大 多数都是正面性质的，而事件比率趋向于被看作

表示安全系统有错误的地方，而不是这个 系统的积极或正确方面。除此之外，在

大多公司，事件比率还是安全性能衡量的首要指标 。这主要是因为事件比率容易

断定，也可简单地用于公司之间的对比，并用于整个行业。

The most difficult part about incident rates is that the five major types of rates are easily

confused with one another.

The most common rate used is the Recordable Incident Rate.

This is commonly called either the

―

total case incident rate

‖

or just the

―

incident rat

e‖

.

The

―

Lost Time Case Rate

‖

(LTC) is the second most commonly used. The

―

Lost

Workday Rate

‖

and

―

Severity Rate

‖

are primarily used only in larger companies that

have a larger number of Lost Time Cases. The newest incident rate type is called the

DART or

―Da

ys Away/Restricted or Transfer Rate

‖

.

事 件比率最难的部分是

5

个主要的比率类型之间容易相互混淆。最 常用的比率是

可

记录的事件率

，这个比 率通常被称为“总体案件事件率”或简单称为“事件率”。

其次常用的是“损失时间案件 率”（

LTC

）。“损失工作日比率”和“严重率”主

要用于有大量损失时间情况的较大型公司。最新的事件比率类型叫做

DA RT

“损失

天数

/

< br>限制日或工作转移率”。

DEFINITIONS:

定义

DART (Days Away/Restricted or Transfer Rate)

–

A mathematical calculation that

describes the number of recordable injuries and illnesses per 100 full- time employees that

resulted in days away from work, restricted work activity and/or job transfer that a

company has experienced in any given time frame.

DART

“损失天数

/

限制日或工作转移比率”

—

是一种数学计算方法，描 述在给定

的时间框架内，公司每

100

名全职员工可记录数量的受伤和疾病造成损失工作、受

限制的工作活动和

/

或工作转移的比率。

LOST TIME CASE

–

Any occupational injury or illness which results in an employee

being unable to work a full assigned work shift.

(A fatality is not considered a LTC.)

Lost time cases result when there are no reasonable circumstances under which the

injured employee could return to meaningful work. It is assumed that if an employee

could work, even if it is not their normally assigned duties, alternate tasks that

accommodate the restrictive nature of an injury would be assigned to the employee.

In

this situation, the days are recorded as RESTRICTED WORK DAYS, rather than Lost

Work Days. (Note that working from home, on a computer or at other assigned tasks, is

not considered restricted work activity unless the employee would normally perform this

function from home as part of their assigned work. Situations like this would be

considered lost work days.

The incident, if employees can report to their normal

workplace, and they can be assigned and complete productive tasks to benefit the

company, can be considered restricted work days, rather than lost work days.)

损失时间案件率

—

< br>任何工伤或职业疾病造成员工不能工作一个完整的班次。（死

亡不做

LTC

考虑。）损失事件案例导致受伤的员工没有合理的情况返回进行有意< /p>

义的工作。人们认为，如果员工可以工作，即使这个工作不是他日常指定的职责，

带有伤害限制性质的替代任务将会分配给这名员工。在这种情况下，记录的天数

< br>为

限制的工作日

，而不是

损失的 工作日

。（注意：在家里电脑上工作或担任其它

指定的任务将不 被视为限制的工作活动，除非这名员工在家工作通常就是其指定

任务的一部分。像这样的 情况将被视为损失的工作日。如果员工可以报道到他们

正常的工作场所，也可以被指定并 完成生产性任务让公司受益，这种事件可以被

认为是限制的工作日，而不是损失的工作日 。）

LOST WORKDAY RATE

–

a mathematical calculation that describes the number of lost

work days per 100 full-time employees in any given time frame.

损失工作日比率

—

一种数学计算方法，描述在给定的时间框架内每

10 0

名全职员工

的损失工作日数量。

LOST TIME CASE RATE

–

a mathematical calculation that describes the number of lost

time cases per 100 full-time employees in any given time frame.

损失时间案件率

—

< br>一种数学计算方法，描述在给定的时间框架内每

100

名 全职员工

的损失时间案件数量。

OCCUPATIONAL INJURY

–

Any injury (including a fatality) which results from a

work- related incident or exposure involving a single incident.

Examples are:

工伤

：与工作相关的事件或涉及到单个事件的风险造成的任何伤害（包括死

亡）。例如：

?

Thermal and chemical burns

热灼伤或化学烧伤

?

Cuts, abrasions and punctures

割伤、擦伤和刺伤

?

Fractures or crushing injuries

骨伤或挤压伤

?

Respiratory irritations

呼吸系统刺激

?

Instantaneous hearing loss

瞬间的听觉损失

?

Amputations

截肢

?

Sprains or strains

扭伤或拉伤

?

Broken bones

断骨（骨折）

OCCUPATION ILLNESS

–

Any abnormal condition or disorder (other than an injury)

that resulted from a work-related exposure to a biological, chemical or physical agent.

These include both acute and chronic illnesses or diseases that may be caused by

inhalation, absorption, ingestion or direct contact.

Some examples are:

职业病

—

因工作关系接触生物、化学或物理制剂 造成的任何异常情况或混乱失调

（不同于伤害）。这里包含可能因吸入、吸收、摄取或直 接接触造成的急性和慢

性疾病。一些示例如下：

CATEGORY

类别

EXAMPLES

示例

Skin diseases

Dermatitis, eczema or rash that is

皮肤病

caused by plants, oil, acne,

chromic ulcers, chemical contact,

or inflammation.

因植物、油、痤疮、含铬 性溃

疡、化学接触或炎症引起的皮

炎、湿疹或疹子。

Lung diseases

Silicosis, asbestosis,

肺疾病

pneumoconiosis, or other similar

Disorder

矽肺、石棉肺、尘肺病或其它类

Respiratory Conditions

Pneumonitis, rhinitis or acute

呼吸道

congestion caused by work related

exposures to chemicals, dusts,

gases or fumes

因工作接触化学品、粉剂、汽 油

或烟气引起的肺炎、鼻炎或急性

充血。

Poisoning

中毒

Physical disorders

身体障碍

Exposure to lead, mercury,

cadmium, arsenic or other heavy

metals; inhalation of carbon

monoxide, hydrogen sulfide or

other gases; exposure to benzene

compounds, carbon tetrachloride,

or other organic solvents; exposure

to toxic levels of insecticide

sprays; and exposure to other

chemicals such as formaldehyde,

plastics or other resins.

接触 铅、汞、镉、砷或其它的

重金属，吸入一氧化碳、硫化

氢或其它 气体，接触苯混合

物、四氯化碳或其它有机溶

剂，接触毒性杀虫 剂喷雾，接

触其它的化学品例如甲醛、塑

料或其它树脂类。

Heatstroke, sunstroke, heat

exhaustion, freezing, frostbite and

other environmental effects;

radiation exposure; and effects

form non-ionizing radiation

sources such as welding flashes,

UV rays, microwaves and sunburn

受热、中暑、中暑虚脱、受冻、

冻伤和其它环境影响，辐射照

< br>射、非电离辐射如弧光灼伤、

UV

射线、微波和晒伤。< /p>

Repetitive Trauma

重复性创伤

Other

其它

Carpal Tunnel syndrome,

synovitis, tendonitis and other

conditions related to repeated

motion, vibration or pressure; and

noise induced hearing loss.

腕管综合征、滑膜炎、肌腱炎和

其它与重复性运动、震动或压力

相关的症状，以及噪音引起的听

觉损失。

Anthrax, infectious hepatitis,

tumors, food poisoning, and

gradual hearing loss

炭疽、传染性肝 炎、肿瘤、食物

中毒、渐进性听觉损失。

RECORDABLE INCIDENTS

–

Recordable incidents include all work related deaths,

illnesses, and injuries which result in a loss of consciousness, restriction of work or

motion, permanent transfer to another job within the company, or that require some type

of medical treatment or first-aid. Companies with 10 or more employees need to report

their incident rates, types of incidents and lost/restricted work days to OSHA every year.

Recordable incidents are incidents that resulted from an exposure or event in the

workplace and that required some type of medical treatment or first-aid.

可记录的事件

—

可记录的事件包含所有与工作相关的死亡，疾 病，伤害造成的意

识丧失、工作或活动受限、公司内永久性的工作转岗、或者需要医疗或 急救。拥

有

10

名或以上数量的员工时 ，公司需要每年向

OSHA

报告事件率、事件类型和损失

的

/

限制的工作天数。可记录的事件表示因工 作场所发生的事故需要一些类型的医

疗和急救的事件。

Incidents are not recordable if the employee has symptoms that merely surfaced while at

work but were the result of a non-work related event or exposure.

For example, a cold or

an infection from a cut that was received at home is not recordable.

Additionally,

―ac

tivities of daily livi

ng‖

are not normally recordable. For example, a heart attack is

generally not considered a recordable injury, unless it was caused by a singular event or

exposure at work that caused the attack.

For more information on what is and is not

recordable, the OSHA website

(

/recordkeeping/

)

has

numerous resources that will guide a company through the recordability determination.

The OSHA website also has forms and guidelines to assist a company in the proper

reporting format.

如果员工的症状只是在工作时出现，但原因是与工作无关的事件或风险，则这样的

事件 无需记录。例如：在家里引发的感冒或伤口引起的感染是不用记录的。此外，

“日常生活 中的活动”通常也无需记录。例如：心脏病突发不被视为可记录的事件，

除非是因为工作 期间的异常事故或风险造成的心脏病突发。什么是可记录的什么是

无需记录的风险请访问

OSHA

网站查看更多信息，指导公司做可记录性决定。

OSHA

网站还有表格和指南，为公司提供正确的报告格式。

SEVERITY RATE

–

a mathematical calculation that describes the number of lost days

experienced as compared to the number of incidents experienced.

事故 严重率

—

一种数学计算方法，说明：对比事故发生的数量，造成 的损失天数。

TOTAL INCIDENT RATE

–

a mathematical calculation that describes the number of

recordable incident that a company experiences per 100 full-time employees in any given

time frame.

总事件率

--

一种数学计算方法，说明：一家公司在任何给定的时间框架内每

100

名

全职员工的可记录的事故数量。

WORK RELATED

–

Work relationship is established with the injury or illness results

from an event or exposure in the work environment.

The work environment is normally

considered the company premises, or another location where the employee is present as a

condition of employment (i.e. a construction site, or customer location).

Driving to or

from work is not normally considered work-related, unless the company requires the

employee to drive or be transported to a specific location for a specific business purpose.

The following flowchart is a simplified version to assist companies in determining work-

relationship.

工作相关

—

工作相关性通过工作环境中事件或风险造成的伤害或疾病建立。工作

环境通常是公司场所或其它的员工以雇佣关系出现的地点（即建筑工地或客户地

点）。行驶到工作地点或从工作地点行驶回来通常不视为与工作相关，除非公司

要求员工 行驶或通过交通方式到达特定的地点，为了一个特定的业务目的。下面

的简化版流程图帮 助公司确定工作相关性。