阅读真题单词及长难句整理 - 学生用

阅读真题单词及长难句补充

2005

TEXT1

a fat pay rise

工资大涨

colleague

n.

同事

slack

v.

放松，松懈

outrage

n/v.

愤怒，愤慨，暴行

good- natured

adj.

和蔼的，和善的

tardily

adv.

缓慢地，拖延地

stagnant

adj.

停滞的

counterpart

n.

副本，配对物，参照对象

in exchange for

作为

..

的交换

token

n/v.

象征，代币

slice

n.

薄片

v.

切开，切成薄片

adjoining

adj.

邻接的，毗邻的

chamber

n.

小房间

adj.

室内的，秘密的

in return for

作为

.. .

的报答

markedly

明显地，显著地，引人注目地

luxury

n.

奢侈，奢华，奢侈品

adj.

奢侈的

grievance

n.

不满，不平，委屈

v.

grieve

n. grief

toss

n/v

投掷，投币（赌正反面）

induce

v.

诱导，引诱

righteous

adj.

正直的，正义的，公正的

indignation

n.

愤慨，愤怒

candidate

n.

候选人

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan

?

s and Dr. de Waal

?

s study.

这些特 性使它们成为。

。

。理想的研究对象。

reluctant

adj.

不情愿的，勉强的

And

dead

markets

partly

reflect

the

paralysis

of

banks

which

will

not

sell

assets

for

fear

of

booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.

paralyze

v.

使瘫痪

(2010 text 4)

死寂的市场一定程度上反映了瘫 痪的银行由于怕账面损失既不愿出售资产，

也

不愿意去购买那些 看似不错的廉价资产。

assumption

n.

假定，设想，担任

As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and

conventions underlies all social interrelationships.

underlie

作为。

。

。的基础

同任何发 达国家一样，

一些列复杂的文化特征，

信念和习俗构成了美国所 有社会交往的基础。

as yet

至今仍然

The designer and the inventor ... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds

devices(

定语

1

阅读真题单词及长难句补充

前置

)

that as yet do not exist.

设计者和发明者。

。

ancestor

n

祖先

When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn

?

t have time to wonder

much about anything besides finding food.

一万年前当我们的祖先还在狩猎和采集野果时，

除 了寻找食物他们没有时间想其他很多的东

西。

preserve

v.

保全，保存，保留

n.

保护区

Its hero avoids being civilized --- going to school and learning to read --- so he can preserve his

innate goodness.

该书的主人公逃避教化

---

不上学和不学习读书写字

---

因此他才得以保住善良的天性。

reward

n.

报酬，报答

v

奖励

Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of

the group.

(2005 text1)

拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以让这些情绪准确无误地传达给其他成员。

abundantly

adv

丰富的，大量的

The already-gathered data is abundant to reveal the truth of matter that ...

已经惠及的这些资料足以解开一个事实，那就是。

。

。

creature

n

生物，创造物

Yet

these

creatures

are

members

of

the

biotic

community

and,

if

its

stability

depends

on

its

integrity, they are entitled to continuance.

biotic

(2010

翻译

)

vanish

v

消失，使不见

Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face

of foreign competition.

(2000 text1)

面对国外竞争，一些大型的美国工业 ，如消费电子产业，已经萎缩或渐渐消失。

reputation

n

名誉

A

turbulent

business

environment

also

has

senior

managers

cautious

of

letting

vague

pronouncements cloud their reputations.

（

2011

text2

）激烈的商业环境同样使得高级经理们小心翼翼地避免模糊的表态破坏到他们

的声誉。

长难句

Such behaviour is regarded as

“

all too human

”

, with the

underlying

assumption that other animals

would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

< br>这种行为被看做是人之常情，

他潜在的假定就是其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的 不公平意

2

阅读真题单词及长难句补充

识。

But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which

has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.

但是由佐治亚特兰大艾里莫大学的

Sarah Brosnan

和

Frans de Waal

进行的一项研究表明，它

也是猴之常情。该研究已在自然杂志中发表。

However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could

observe

what

the

other

was

getting

in

return

for

its

rock,

their

behaviour

became

markedly

different.

< br>然而，

当两个猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里，

能 够互相看见对方用石头换回来什么

东西时，猴子的行为就会变得明显不同。

And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either

tossed

her

own

token

at

the

researcher

or

out

of

the

chamber,

or

refused

to

accept

the

slice

of

cucumber.

如果一直猴子根部无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，

那么另外一只 就会将代币掷向研究

人员或者扔出房间外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。

However,

whether

such

a

sense

of

fairness

evolved

independently

in

capuchins

and humans,

or

whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is,

as yet

,

an unanswered question.

但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上格子独立演化而成，

还是 来自三千五百万年前他们共

同的祖先，这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

2005

TEXT2

inconclusive

adj

不确定的，非决定性的

antismoking

adj

反对吸烟的，禁止吸烟的

anti-cancer pill

抗癌药

nonsense

n

胡说，废话

grave

n

坟墓，墓穴

tomb

definitely

adv

清楚地，明确地，毋庸置疑地

fume

n

烟雾

v

冒烟

prudent

adj

谨慎地，精明的

paralysis

n

麻痹，无力

steward

n

管家，乘务员

legislative

adj

立法的，有立法权的

n

立法

initiative

adj

主动的，自发的

n.

主动权，首创精神

take the initiative of doing sth.

主动做某事

crucial

adj

关键的，重要的，决定性的

negligence

n

疏忽，忽视，大意

3

阅读真题单词及长难句补充

aggravate

v

加重，恶化

crucial

adj

关键的，重要的，决定性的

The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend

legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.

然而，

该小组尚未在一个关键 问题上达成一致，

即是否建议立法机关把将私人资金用于克隆

人 的行为视为犯罪。

panel

n.

仪表盘，面板，座谈小组

The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not

been settled.

(1999 text4)

随后，该小组非正式地接受了几条一 般的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。

parallel

n

平行线，同样

adj

平行的，类似的

A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.

类似的情形存在于肉食类哺乳动物和吃鱼的鸟中。

lobby

n

大厅，休息室

v

游说

Unfortunately, banks

?

lobbing now seems to be working.

（

2010 text4

）不幸的是，银行的游说活动看来已显成效。

长难句

The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to

tell us that the Earth

?

s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.

最近的行动时由白宫召集了一批来自国际科学院的专家团，

他们告诉我们，

地球气候毫无疑

问正在变暖， 而这个问题主要是认为造成的。

But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our

nation and the world

base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide

concerning the future consequences of present actions.

但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，< /p>

关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决

策时，应该以科学能够 提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。

Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global

warming is incomplete, that it

?

s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.

就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。

< br>

Do

you

remember

all

those

years

when

scientists

argued

that

smoking

would

kill

us

but

the

doubters insisted that we didn

?

t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science

uncertain? That

the

antismoking

lobby

was

out

to

destroy

our

way

of

life

and

the governments

should stay out of the way?

还记得科学家们认为吸烟会致人死亡，

而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的

时候吗？还记得怀疑者们 坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，

科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑

4

阅读真题单词及长难句补充

者们坚持 认为反对吸烟的游说是为了毁掉我们的生活方式，

而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？

Instead of

a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of

“

paralysis by

analysis

”

.

他们没有出台行动计划，

相反只是继续迫切要求更多的研究，

这是一个经典的

“分析导致麻

痹”案例。

2005 TEXT4

aspire to/for

渴求，追求

aspiration

degradation

退化

controversialist

争论者

permissive

adv

许可的，自由的，放纵的

counter-culture

反文化

elevated

adj

提高的

v

提高，抬起

genre

n

类型，流派

(gene

基因

)

spontaneity

n

自然性，自然发生

an array of

一排，一批

=some

一些

illustrate

v

阐明，表明

chunk

n

大块，矮胖的人或物

grieve over

哀悼

elaborate

adj

精心制作的，详尽的

v

精心制作

Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in

their

heads,

while

Italian

politicians

tend

to

elaborate

speech

that

would

seem

old-fashioned

to

most English-speakers.

（

2005

TEXT4

）俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言，并在脑海中存储了大量诗歌；而意大利的政客

们 往往精心准备演讲，即使这在大多数讲英语的人们眼里已经过时。

linguist

语言学家

As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones

like Black English, can be powerfully expressive.

作为语言学家，

他认为各种各样的人 类语言，

包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言，

都具有强