夫子庙英文导游词

照壁的功能

众

]

是表明孔子渊博的学问被普通百姓所接受

the main building of the temple,

另一功能是遮挡住寺庙的主体建筑

以便给人们一个它辉煌而庄严的印象

天下文枢坊始建于

1586

年仿曲阜天 下文枢坊，

它结构的意思是所有文章和道德的中心都归于孔子。

36lingxing gate is also called the gate of etiquette[eti’ket

礼仪< /p>

]

棂星门又叫礼仪门

它是专为皇帝祭祀孔子而建的

38the gate built in front of confucius temple

它建于孔庙前

39implies[implai

暗指

] the meaning of

它的寓意是

41and stability[st?‘biliti

稳定

] of the country.”

国家稳定

42dacheng gate or the gate of great ach ievements[?t∫ivm?nt

达成

]

大成门或集大成的门，

43is also called halberd[h?b?d

戟

] gate,

又叫戟门

44which is the front door of the confucius temple.

它是孔庙的前门

45as confucius epitomized[ipit?maiz

作为缩影

] chinese culture,

作为中国文化的宿影的孔子

他死后被授予至圣先师的称号

47in the entrance[entr?ns

入口

] hall[

门厅

] of the gate there are

four old stone tablets [t?blit

碑

]:

在大门的入口门厅有四块古石碑

49it was made in 484 a.d. during the southern dynasty

它是刻于南朝公元

484

年

碑上记录的是孔子去洛阳访问的经验

51the capital of the eastern zhou dynasty in 518 b.c.

在公元前

518

年东周王朝首都

52where confucius made investigations[investingei∫?n

institutions[institju

：

制度

] of the zhou

孔子研究了周王朝制度

去寻找了如何繁荣和稳定国家的方法

如何在鲁国联合奴隶主的力量

55the tablet of jiqing confucius temple.

[

集庆孔庙碑

]

56in 1308 when the yuan dynasty reigned[rein

统治

] over the

country,

1308

年，元朝统治全国

57emperor wuzong issued[i∫iu

发布

] an imperial[impi?ri?l

帝国

]

edict[i

：

dikt

布告

]

武宗皇帝发布了圣旨

58”take education as the state administ ration[?dministre∫?n

管

理

] of the empire[empai?

皇权

]”

以兴学作士为王政

59in the next fall when the confucius temple started to be

rebuilt ,

第二年孔庙开始被重建

60lu zhi wrote an inscription[inskrip∫?n

碑文

] for the tablet.

卢挚为碑撰写了碑文

61but the tablet was not made right away until 22 years later in

1330.

< /p>

当时没有勒石，直到

22

年后在

1330

年

62in the xianfeng years of the qing dynasty,the confucius

temple was burnt down in a war

清朝咸丰年，在战争中被毁，

此碑失踪。

.

1986

年复建文庙时碑在地下被发现

65the tablet of the four saints[

封四圣碑

]

66in 1331 emperor wenzong of the yuan dynasty granted [gra

：

ntid

加封

]the four disciples[di’sai’pl

门徒

] of confucius

在

年元朝文宗皇帝加封孔子的四个门徒

67yanhui, zengshen, kongji and mengke as 4 saints[] second

to confucius

颜回、曾参、孔伋和孟轲为四亚圣

67tablet of madam super saint confucius.[

封至圣夫人碑

]

68 in 1331 the wife of confucius was posthumously awarded

the title of madam super saint(

孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人

)

1331

年孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人

69and a stone tablet was made for her according to the

imperial decree (

以此旨勒石刻碑

) and erected here side by side

with the tablet of the four saints (

与封四氏碑并列于夫子庙

) .

70dacheng hall or the hall of great achievements (

大成殿

) is

the main building of confucian temple

大成殿是文庙的主体建筑，

71and the very place to enshrine and worship confucius (

供奉

和祭祀孔子的地 方

).

72 the hall is a double-eaved and gable-roofed structure in

ancient imitation (

重檐歇山顶仿古

建筑

),

73displayed in the hall there is a huge portrait of confucius (

孔

子巨幅画像

< br>),

which is the largest one through out the country.

also put on show are the portraits of yan hui (

颜回

), zeng shen

(

曾参

), kong ji (

孔伋

) (the grandson of confucius) and mengke

(mencius), the four disciples of confucius as well as a number

of ancient musical instruments.

hung on the inner walls of the hall there are 38 jade- and-

jadeite-carved paintings inlaid with gold, jewelry and mother-

of-pearl (

罗钿

) about the life story of confucius (

孔子生平事迹

).

in the temple courtyard (

庙院

) enclosed by roofed corridors,

there is a large open-air terrace (

露台

), which used to be an

altar for holding sacrificial ceremony and performance of

songs and dance (

曾是祭祀和歌舞的地方

). on the terrace there

stands a huge bronze statue of confucius. the forehead of the

statue appears a unique wisdom-and- foresight of the great

thinker (

眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智

), better making a

deep impression on visitors. juxing pavilion at the west of the

temple square there stands a hexagonal pavilion (the pavilion

with its 6 eaves upturned) called “juxing”. the name of juxi

ng

means “assembly of stars” (

群星汇聚

) and “a galaxy of talent”

(

人才荟萃

), because all the men of letters or well-educated

people were regarded as stars over the sky in feudal china.

juxing pavilion was the place for intellectuals to converge on

(

聚集

) and to learn from each other by exchanging their

experience in study (

切磋学习心得

).

kuixing pavilion (now called kuiguang pavilion) (

魁光阁

) at the

east of pan pool lies the kuixing pavilion, which is also called

the pavilion of god of literature (

文星阁

). the three-storied

hexagonal tower was the place for provincial examination

candidates (

乡试士子们

) to pay worship to confucius before

they sit for imperial examinations (

应考前拜孔的地方

). later,the

pavilion was turned into a teahouse (

茶社

) for candidates (

考生

)

to meet friends with tea drinking.

kuixing is the star at the tip of the bowl of the big dipper (

魁为

北斗星之第一星

), one of the 28 constellations over the sky (

天上

28

个星宿之一

). it was said to be god of literature dominating

the fortune of culture and education (

主宰文运之神

)

and ,confucius was regarded as the god. in times of imperial

examinations (

在科举时代

), the examination candidates often

came to offer sacrifice to confucius in the hope of successfully

passing the imperial examinations and becoming a provincial

graduate (

以求中举

).

the palace of learning (

学宫

) the palace of learning is an

architectural complex consisting of mingde hall or the hall of

bright virtue (

明德堂

), zunjing library (

尊经阁

), qingyun tower

(

青云楼

) and ancestral temple for worshiping the parents of

confucius (

崇圣祠

) etc.. the palace of learning was an

institution of higher learning (

高等学府

) of the prefecture in

ancient times, usually built behind confucian temple.

mingde hall or the hall of bright virtue (

明德堂

) was the main

hall (

正堂

) of palace of learning ,the place for putting up the list

of successful candidates (

张悬科第题名榜

) in the years of the

imperial examination system and was also an assembly

auditorium (

集会礼堂

) for the students to attend lectures on

confucius teachings(

圣教

)and imperial edicts (

上谕

) given by

assistant instructor(

听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕

) after their

pilgrimage on the first and the 15th day (

朔、望日

) every lunar

month.

zunjing library (

尊经阁

) was a two-storied building with each

having 5 rooms (

上下两层各五楹

). the upstairs was used to

collect the chinese traditional learning of the ming dynasty (

明

代

【篇二：明孝陵英文导游词

xiaoling tomb of the ming

dynasty

】

xiaoling tomb of the ming dynasty

(today we will visit xiaoling tomb of the ming dynasty, which

was adopted as the worlds cultural heritage in 2003)

xiaoling tomb is the mausoleum of zhu yuanzhang, the

founding emperor of the ming dynasty 600 years ago. the

construction of the mausoleum started in 1381, and was

completed in 1413 when “the tablet of great merits of the ming

tomb of the great ming dynasty” was erected.

emperor zhu yuanzhang was born in a peasant family of anhui

province in 1328. he lost his parents in his childhood and

became a monk at huangjue temple. in 1352 he joined the red

turban army and became commanding general later. in 1368,

he established his empire and made nanjing the capital with a

name of ming for his dynasty. in 1398, he died and was buried

here in the xiaoling.

the mausoleum consists of two major sections. the front

section starts from” the gateway of dismounting horses” at the

falial guard to the lingxing gate at the end of sacred way. the

whole approach is 1800 meters long. the gateway of

dismounting horse is engraved with 6 chinese characters for

warning worshipers, meaning” all the officials must dismount

from the horse back here”.

go 700 meters northwest from the gateway, we can see a

three-arched gate. it is known as the the great golden gate,

which is the front gate of the mausoleum, connecting with the

red enclosure walls.

go through the grand golden gate is a roofless pavilion,

which is called square city. in the middle of the pavilion there

stands a huge stone tablet, which is 8.78m high with 2,746

characters carved on it. this is” the tablet of great merits of the

ming tomb of the great ming dynasty”. the characters were

written by zhu di, the third emperor of the ming dynasty.

go out of the square city, we’ll come to the first section of the

sacred way. the sacred way is divided into two sections. the

front section is flanked by 12 pairs of stone animals in 6 kinds:

each kind of the animals has 2 pairs, one standing and one

kneeling. the animals are arranged in proper order: lions,

xiezhi, camels, elephants, unicorns and horses.

go straight a little bit forward, we can see two pillars, from

where the sacred way makes a right turn. here, we are at the

second section of the sacred way, which is flanked by 4 pairs

of stone weng zhongs: 2 pairs of generals and 2 pairs of

officials.

at the right of this path, we can see a small hill planted with

thousands of plum trees. it is the plum-blossom hill, which is

sun qua

n’s tomb. the hill is now a wonderful site for local

people to appreciate plum blossom in spring when the trees

are blooming.

at the end of the sacred way, there is a gate named lingxing

gate with three arches. it is also

called dragon phoenix gate. the rear section of the mausoleum

starts from lingxing gate to the citadel of treasure and the

tomb mound.

about 270 meters away northeast of the lingxing gate there’s

a stone bridge spanning over a small stream, which is called

the golden water bridge,. about 200 meters north of the bridge

is the front gate of the tomb. at the right of the gate there is a

tablet stone, which is inscribed with “the special notice” in 6

foreign languages to call for attention to protect the tomb. the

tablet was established by qing government.

inside the gate is a tablet pavilion, which is the entrance hall

of the tomb. in this pavilion, there’s a tablet inscribed with “the

stele of administrating the country as prosperous as the tang

and song d

ynasties”. the inscription was written by kangxi, the

emperor of the qing dynasty when he was paying his homage

to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to

the area in 1699.

go out of the pavilion, we’ll come to the site of the sacrificial

hall. the original hall was very large and was used to enshrine

emperor zhu yuanzhang and his empress. the hall was

destroyed in the war yet its 56 stone column bases are still

there.

continue the visit towards north across a big stone bridge, we

can se

e “the citadel of treasures and the tomb mound”. the

citadel of treasures is the site of graveyard and the tomb

mound is the tomb itself. the citadel is 39 meters long from

west to east and 18 meters wide from north to south. climb up

54 steps, coming into our view is the tomb mound, which is