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雅思语法总则
Total Solution of IELTS Grammar
第一单元
-
名词性从句
第一单元
-
名词性从句
Chapter One-The Noun
Clause (v2.5)
概念：在一个英语句子当中，
特定的成份必须用名词性结构来表示。名词性结构分为两种：
名词和名词从句。名词从句就是语法功能相当于名词或名词短语的从句。简而言之
,
它是一
种用从句来代替名词的句型。
考生常见问题
:
缺乏“名词意识”
.
1.___________________________________________
_________________________________
(1). Save money is beneficial for one’s
life after retirement. (X)
(2). There are more and more young
criminals in the society has drawn the
attention of media. (X)
2.
_________________________
__________________________________________________
_
Some people believe that
mobile phones have taken the place of write
letters.
名词性从句重点句型
从句
(Proverb) Do what you say, say what you
do.
Say what you mean, mean
what you say.
(
写
作
)
通过打工，我们获得的不仅仅是工作经验。它同样能帮助我
们把在学校里学到的东
西运用到实践当中。
(Apply A into B)
2.
What
从句的加强版
-Whatever/Whoever/
all
引导的从句
(
写作
)
我们无论做什么事都要把它做好。
(
写作
)
任何一个有责任感
(a sense of responsi
bility)
的人都应该为自己的所作所为负责。
(
口语
) Do you have
any plans for your future?
目前除了通过雅思考试我其他什么都不想。
中式英语：
Now I
don
’
t think anything except
passing the IELTS test.
(
写作
)
政
府要做的就仅仅只是进一步落实
(implement)
该政策
。
3.
主语从句的变形
由连词
that
引导的主语从句，在实际使用中
that
从句一般由
it
做形式主语。
That practice makes perfect
(
熟能生巧
) is known to us.
(Rare)
It is known to
us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect.
(Common)
Tip:
在英语当中表示“据……”的句型一般都用
It is +
过去分词
+ that
引导的主语从句
(
一般表示某种情况。
)
据估计
: It is
estimated that
……
据报道
: It is reported that
……
.
从图表当中我们可以看到
: It could be
noted from the graph that
……
;..
..
主语从句高分句型：
的确
/
确实……
It is true that (It is a fact that) +
主语从句
(
写作
)
环境问题确实很严重，但我认为还是可以解决的。
Failed Example: The
environment problem is really serious, but I think
we can
still solve it.
Decent Example: ___________
__________________________________________________
_
表示
“做……是重要
/
必要的”的时候
,
主语从句必须用虚拟语气
(should+
动词原型
).
It is
important/essential/vital/necessary that sb/sth
(should) do sth
在我看来
,
政府向老年人提供经济援助至关重要
.
As far as I am concerned,
it is essential that the government provides
financial aid
to the aged.
(X)
4.
由疑问词
(how, when, where,
whether, why, who)
等引导的名词性从句
考生常见问题：
(
写作
)
很多人根本不明白存钱的目的何在
.
Many people don’t know what is the
purpose of save money. (X)
5.
宾语从句：
注意事项
1
：当主句的谓语是
think,
believe
等时，如果后面跟的宾语从句要表示否定意思，
则把谓语动词
think,
believe
变成否定形式，宾语从句为肯定句形式。
例句：
我认为我们不应该允许大学生结婚。
I think we should not allow college
students to get married. (X)
注意事项
2
：
It
作形式宾语的情况。
有时可以用
it
来代替宾语从句作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放到句子后半部分。
例句：
(Before) Police departments in the
United States and Canada see that they
respond to calls for help as quickly as
possible as central to their role.
(After) Police departments
in the United States and Canada see it as central
to their role that they
respond to
calls for help as quickly as possible.
(
写作
)
有些人认为我们花那么多钱在环保上面根本就是浪费时间。
Some people think that we
spend so much money on environmental protection is
simply waste of time. (X)
6.
表语从句：
什么是表语－跟在
be
动词后面的成份。如
I am a student
当中
I
是主语，
am a student
加在一起是谓语，而
be
动词
am
后面的
a student
就是表语。
考生常见问题
:
(
写作
)
The major reason why animals are facing the
extinction is because people
have paid little attention to the
problem. (X)
7.
同位语从句：
特点：同位语从句一般跟在一些比较容易识别的“标志性”名词后，如：
idea,
fact, rumor,
;..
..
news, hope, belief, argument, thought,
doubt
等后面，在含义上对前面的这个名词的
内容起进一步详细解释说明的作用，而在语法上则同这个名词
处于相同语法地位，因此称为
同位语从句。
例句：
（口语）
Why would you like to go
abroad?
错误实例：
The
financial condition in my family is quite poor
motivates me to study
hard.
同位语从句在雅思写作中的运用－举例
(
写作
)
Before: The heavy work in the government will
inevitably affect women
’
s
family lives. For example,
most female employees in the U.S government are
either
single or divorced.
After:
_________
__________________________________________________
______________
8.
名词性从句之间的替换：
Some people believe that
some unpaid community service should be a
compulsory
part of high
school programs. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
(2007.5.12)
单元练习：
1.
一个人的实际能力才是企业所真正看重的。
2.
我认为我们发明一种新的语言来取代英语是没有必要的
.
3.
然而，关于它是一件好事还是坏事，人们有不同的态度。
4.
很多国家的失业率在不断攀升这一事实是我们无法否认的。
5.
在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。
6.
不同的人们对于全球化是否有利于经济的发展这个问题持有不同的看法
< br>.
7.
令人感到遗憾的是大多数人所在乎的仅仅就只是他们怎么
样才能更多地赚到钱。
8.
随着越来越多的妇女参与全职
工作，由谁来照顾孩子已经成为了社会上的一个问题。
;..
..
第二单元
-
定语从句
第二单元
-
定语从句
Chapter Two-The Attributive Clause
(Ver3.6)
一
.
定语从句的概念
< br>用一个主谓结构完整的句子作定语
(
定语的两种形式
adj+n/n+
定语从句
)
，修饰前面的名词，
代
词，短语，甚至是整个句子的从句。简单来说就是把从句放在某个单词
/
词组
/
句子后面
来对其进行修饰。
二
.
两个首先必须明确的概念：
先行词和关系词
Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon
movie(
先行词
)
that/which(
关系词
) I have
watched this year.
注意：先行词未必永远都是定语从句之前的那一个单词，有的
时候先行词与定语从句之间插
入了别的成份，这个时候就必须通过上下文意思来寻找先行词。
(
阅读
)
There has been a significant increase in the
number of women with
dependent children who are in the paid
workforce in Australia.
Q: Which group of people has seen a
significant increase in number in Australia?
三
.
定语从句的分类
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
限制性定语从句：
England
was
one
of
the
first
countries
where
scientists
adoptedand
publicized
Copernican ideas
(
哥白尼学说
) with enthusiasm.
(
剑桥
5 Test2 Reading Passage3)
(
阅读
)
One new keyboard included keys which produced
letters which frequently
occur together in English, like
–
ing and
–
th and
–ed, so
the word “thing”
would take
two strokes to write instead of five.
特点
: (1).
从句对先行词起限
制作用，说明先行词必须如此，不能超出这个限制。先行词往
往属于“集合”而非“元素”
,
并且它所表示的内容往往与先行
词关系密切，必不可少。少
了它，句子往往就会成为一句废话。
(2).
关系词引导的定语从句和先行词之间绝对没有逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句：
Such expansion, which was to take the
English language west
to
America
and
east
to
India,
was
supported
by
scientific
developments
such
asthe
discovery
of
magnetism(
磁力
).
(
阅读
) It is very
likely that the key board, which we have used for
over a century,
will soon
be replaced by voice-activated computers whichtake
dictation (
听写
) as
we speak to them.
;..
..
Tip:
在雅思阅读中，遇到
__________________
定语从句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。
特点
: (1).
非限制性定语从句
往往是对先行词
(
一般为“元素”
)<
/p>
作进一步的解释和补充说明。
如果把非
限制性定语从句从句子中去掉，整个句子的意思不会受到很大影响。
(2).
关系词引导的定语从句和先行词之间绝对有逗号隔开。
The metal industry was
established at Riverside Village by __________ who
lived in
the area.
定语从句和先行词之间有没有逗号
，会直接决定句子意思的不同。试比较以下两个句子意思
的不同：
1. In terms of exceptions, scientists
refer to the waves which are too small
individually to consider.
2. In terms of exceptions, scientists
refer to the waves, which are too small
individually to consider. <
/p>
(
写作
)
不少人
认为如今被人们广泛使用的电脑未来总有一天将会彻底取代电视机。
Quite a number of people
believe that televisions will be replaced by
computers___
注意
：这个句子必须用
____________________
定语从句表示。由此看出在雅思写作和口语中
描述事务的特性往往用它来表示。
四
.
不同关系词的用法
1.
关系代词
which
的用法
(
口语
) What is your
favorite spare time activity?
I usually choose to relax myself by
watching American TV series in my spare time,
___________________________
__________________________________________________
(
口语
)
Do young people in your country live by themselves
or with their parents?
As
far as I know, many people of my age live with
their parents not because they
want to but because they have to.
______________________________________________
(
口语
) What leisure
activities are popular in your country?
由
whi
ch
引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词对应的不仅可以是一个词或短语，也可以是
主句的一部分甚至一个完整的句子。而在限制性定语从句中
which
就绝对不能用于修饰一
个句子。
例句：
(
口语
) My
brother is a book-worm, when deeply absorbed in
his books, which
he often
is, he will forget about everything.
(
口语
) I am quite
an outgoing person, which my brother is not.
(
阅读
) Fathers
spend less time in housework and childcare, which
is regarded by
some
scientists as a major contributor to the stress-
related anxiety of employed mothers.
;..
..
(
写作
)
要解决交通问题，我们首先要解决的第一个问题就是
日益增加的私车数量，我认为
这是造成交通问题的最主要原因。
To solve the traffic problem, _________
__________________________________________
2.
由
w
ho/whom/whose
引导的定语从句
用法：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用
< br>who
，作宾语，表语时用
whom,
< br>表示所属关系
时用
whose
。它们所引导的定语从句既可以是限制性定语从句也可以是非
限制性定语从
句。
(
口语
)
Describe your idol.
My idol
is Jay,___________________________________________
_____________________.
My
idol is Jay, _____________________________________
___________________________.
My idol is Jay, _______________________
_________________________________________.
(
口语
) Describe a
person that you respect the most.
我的父亲是一个教了
30
多年书的教师，他是我最尊敬的人。
(
口语
)
(1) Rain is a Korean Singer. (2). I appreciate him
very much. (3). His
popularity is second to none in Asia.
3.
关系词
when
的用法
When
引导的定语从句通常用在表示时间的名词或短语如
time, year,
day
后面，它引导的
定语从句既可以是限制性也可以是非限制性定语从句。
例句：
(
口语
) Describe an
important Chinese festival.
Spring Festival is the time when all
the family members come back home and get
together in China.
(
限制性定语从句
)
In China, the most
important traditional festival is Spring Festival,
when all the
family members
would come back home and get together.
(
非限制性定语从句
)
错误观念：凡是先行词是
time/day
等时间概念，关系词就一定是
when
。
(1).
我永远忘不了我第一次见到她的那一天。
I will never forget the day
when I met her for the first time.
(2).
我永远忘不了我在上海和她度过的那些日子。
I will never forget the
days when I spent with her in Shanghai. (X)
练习：
(
口语
) Describe a
day that is special to you.
(
口语
)
At what age do people in your country get married?
4.
关系词
where
的用法
关系词
where
< br>引导的定语从句通常用在表示地点的名词或短语后，如
place, the city
等。
它引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的也可以是非限制性的。
;..
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