-
高中化学方程式（
High school chemistry
equation
）
I.
reaction of matter with oxygen:
(1) reaction of simple substance with
oxygen:
1. magnesium burns
in air: 2Mg + O2 ignites 2MgO
2. iron burns in oxygen: 3Fe + 2O2
ignites Fe3O4
3. copper
heated in the air: 2Cu + O2 heating 2CuO
4. aluminum burning in the
air: 4Al + 3O2 ignition 2Al2O3
5. hydrogen combustion in air: 2H2 + O2
ignition 2H2O
6. red
phosphorus burn in the air: 4P + 5O2 light 2P2O5
7. sulfur powder burns in
air: S + O2 ignites SO2
8.
carbon burns fully in oxygen: C + O2 ignites CO2
9.
carbon
does
not
burn
sufficiently
in
oxygen:
2C
+
O2
ignites
2CO
(2) the reaction of
compound with oxygen:
10.
carbon monoxide burns in oxygen: 2CO + O2 ignites
2CO2
11.
methane
combustion
in
the
air:
CH4
+
2O2
ignites
CO2
+
2H2O
12. alcohol burns in the air: C2H5OH +
3O2 ignites 2CO2 + 3H2O
Two. Several decomposition reactions:
13. water decomposition
under the effect of direct current:
2H2O + O2 = 2H2 = electricity
14.
heating
auragreen:
Cu2
(OH)
2CO3
+
H2O
+
CO2
=
2CuO
heating
15. heating potassium
chlorate (a small amount of manganese
dioxide): 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2 =
16.
heating
heating
Potassium
Permanganate:
2KMnO4
+
MnO2
+
O2
= K2MnO4
17. unstable carbonate decomposition:
H2CO3 = H2O + CO2 =
18.
high temperature calcined limestone: CaO + CO2 =
CaCO3 at
high temperature
Three. Several redox reactions:
19. hydrogen reduction of
CuO: H2 + CuO heating Cu + H2O
20.:
C+
charcoal
reduction
of
copper
oxide
high-temperature
2Cu
+ CO2 = 2CuO
21.
3C+
2Fe2O3
high
temperature
coke
reduction
iron
oxide:
4Fe
+ 3CO2
=
22.:
2C+
Fe3O4
high
temperature
coke
reduction
of
Fe3O4
+
2CO2
= 3Fe
23. carbon
monoxide reduced copper oxide: CO+ CuO heating Cu
+ CO2
24. carbon
monoxide reduction iron oxide: 3CO+, Fe2O3, high
temperature 2Fe + 3CO2
25. carbon monoxide reduction
magnetite: 4CO+, Fe3O4, high
temperature 3Fe + 4CO2
Four.
The
relation
of
simple
substance,
oxide,
acid,
alkali
and
salt
(1) metal salt + + acid -
hydrogen (reaction)
26.
zinc and dilute sulfuric acid Zn + H2SO4 = ZnSO4 +
H2 =
27. iron and dilute
sulfuric acid Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2 =
28. mg dilute sulfuric acid
and Mg + H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2 =
29. aluminum and dilute sulfuric acid
2Al +3H2SO4 = Al2 (SO4)
+3H2 = 3
30. zinc and dilute
hydrochloric acid Zn + ZnCl2 + H2 = 2HCl
= = =
31. iron
and dilute hydrochloric acid Fe + FeCl2 + H2 =
2HCl
= = =
32.
mg and dilute hydrochloric acid MgCl2 + H2 = 2HCl
= Mg+
33. aluminum and
dilute hydrochloric acid 2Al + 6HCl + 3H2 =
= = 2AlCl3
(2)
metallic
element
+
salt
(solution)
-
another
metal
+
another
salt
34. iron and copper sulfate
solution reaction: Fe + CuSO4 =
FeSO4 +
Cu
35. zinc and copper
sulfate solution reaction: Zn + CuSO4 =
ZnSO4 + Cu
36.
copper and mercury nitrate reaction: Cu + Hg (NO3)
= 2 Cu
(NO3) 2 + Hg
(3) basic oxides + acid + water salt.
37. iron oxide and dilute
hydrochloric acid reaction: Fe2O3 +
6HCl = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
38.
iron
oxide
and
dilute
sulfuric
acid
reaction:
Fe2O3
+
3H2SO4
= Fe2 + 3H2O (SO4) 3
39.
of
copper
oxide
and
hydrochloric
acid
reaction:
CuO
+
2HCl
= CuCl2 + H2O
40. of copper oxide and
sulfuric acid reaction: CuO + H2SO4 =
CuSO4 + H2O
The
Magnesium
Oxide
41.
and
dilute
sulfuric
acid
reaction:
MgO
+
H2SO4 = MgSO4 + H2O
42.
calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid reaction: CaO
+ 2HCl
= CaCl2 + H2O
(4) acidic oxide + alkali salt + water.
43. caustic soda in the air
exposed metamorphic: 2NaOH + CO2
=
Na2CO3 + H2O
Forty-four
Caustic soda to absorb SO2:
2NaOH + SO2 = Na2SO3 + H2O
45. caustic soda absorbs three sulphur
oxide gas: 2NaOH + SO3
= Na2SO4 + H2O
46. of lime deterioration
in the air: Ca (OH) 2 + CO2 + H2O:
CaCO3 = = = =
47. of lime sulfur dioxide absorption:
Ca (OH) 2 + SO2 + H2O:
CaSO3 = = = =
(5) acid alkali salt +
water +.
48.
hydrochloric
acid
and
caustic
soda
react:
HCl
+
NaOH
=
NaCl
+H2O
49.
hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide
reaction: HCl +
KOH = KCl +H2O
50.
hydrochloric
acid
and
copper
hydroxide
reaction:
2HCl
+
Cu
= CuCl2 + 2 (OH) 2H2O
51. hydrochloric acid and calcium
hydroxide reaction: 2HCl +
Ca = CaCl2 +
2 (OH) 2H2O
52.
hydrochloric
acid
and
ferric
hydroxide
reaction:
3HCl
+
Fe
= FeCl3 + 3 (OH) 3H2O
The 53. drugs in the treatment of
aluminum hydroxide
hyperchlorhydria:
3HCl + Al = AlCl3 + 3 (OH) 3H2O
54. sulfuric acid and caustic soda
reaction: H2SO4 + 2NaOH =
Na2SO4 + 2H2O
55. sulfuric acid and
potassium hydroxide reaction: H2SO4 +
2KOH = K2SO4 + 2H2O
56. sulfuric acid and copper hydroxide
reaction: H2SO4 + Cu =
CuSO4 + 2 (OH)
2H2O
57. sulfuric acid and
ferric hydroxide reaction: 3H2SO4 + 2Fe
(OH) 3==== Fe2 (SO4) 3 + 6H2O
58.
nitric
acid
and
sodium
hydroxide
reaction:
HNO3+
NaOH
NaNO3
= +H2O
(6) acid
+ salt - another acid + another salt
59. marble reacts with dilute
hydrochloric acid: CaCO3 + 2HCl
= CaCl2
+ H2O + CO2 =
60. sodium
carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 =
61. magnesium
carbonate
reacts
with
dilute hydrochloric
acid:
MgCO3 + 2HCl = MgCl2 +
H2O + CO2 =
62.
hydrochloric
acid
and
silver
nitrate
solution
reaction:
HCl
+
AgNO3 = AgCl +: HNO3
63.
sulfuric
acid
and
sodium
carbonate
reaction:
Na2CO3
+
H2SO4
= Na2SO4
+ H2O + CO2 =
Reaction of
64. sulfuric acid and barium chloride solution:
H2SO4 + BaCl2 = BaSO4 +: 2HCl
(7 +) - another alkali salt
alkali and another salt
65.
sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate: 2NaOH + CuSO4
= Cu +
2 (OH): Na2SO4
66. sodium hydroxide and ferric
chloride: 3NaOH + FeCl3 = Fe
+ 3 (OH):
3NaCl
67. sodium hydroxide
and magnesium chloride: 2NaOH + MgCl2 =
Mg + 2 (OH): 2NaCl
68. sodium hydroxide and copper
chloride: 2NaOH + CuCl2 = Cu
+ 2 (OH):
2NaCl
69.
calcium
hydroxide
and
sodium
carbonate:
Ca
(OH)
2
+
Na2CO3
+ 2NaOH = CaCO3:
(8) salt + salt ---- two
new kinds of salt
70.
Sodium
Chloride
Solution
and
silver
nitrate
solution:
NaCl
+
AgNO3 = AgCl +: NaNO3
71.
sodium
sulfate
and
barium
chloride:
Na2SO4
+
BaCl2
=
BaSO4
+: 2NaCl
Five. Other reactions:
72. carbon dioxide dissolved in water:
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
73. lime
water soluble: CaO + H2O = Ca (OH) 2
74. sodium hydroxide dissolved in
water: Na2O + H2O = 2NaOH
75.
three
of
sulfur
dioxide
dissolved
in
water:
SO3
+
H2O
=
H2SO4
76. copper sulfate crystal
decomposition: CuSO4 5H2O heating
CuSO4
+ 5H2O
77. anhydrous copper
sulfate as a desiccant: CuSO4 + 5H2O =
CuSO4 - 5H2O
Chemical equation, reaction phenomenon,
application
2Mg+O2
ignite
or
ignite
strongly
at
2MgO.
Dazzling
white
light.
Producing
white
solid.
Exothermic.
Produces
a
large
white
smoke
flare
2Hg+O2
2HgO,
a
silver
light
or
liquid
form
red
solid
Lavoisier
experiment
2Cu+O2 ignite or delta 2CuO red metal
into black solid
4Al+3O2
or
2Al2O3
light
silvery
white
metal
into
a
white
solid
3Fe+2O2 ignites Fe3O4, burns violently,
Mars is radiant,
producing
black
solids,
exothermic
4Fe
+
3O2,
high
temperature
2Fe2O3
C+O2 ignites CO2, burning
violently, white light, releasing
heat,
and making lime water muddy
S+O2 ignites SO2, burns violently,
releases heat, stimulates
the smell of
gas, and burns light blue flames in the air. Blue
and purple flames in oxygen
2H2+O2 2H2O blue flame lit, exothermic,
generated anhydrous
CuSO4 blue liquid
(water) high energy fuel
4P+5O2 ignites 2P2O5, burns
violently,
produces large
amounts
of white smoke,
releases heat, and produces white solids,
demonstrating oxygen levels in the air
CH4+2O2 ignites 2H2O+CO2
blue flames, exothermic, and
generates
liquid
(water)
methane
that
makes
lime
water
turbid,
gas and blue
water,
and
the
combustion
of
natural gas
in
CuSO4
2C2H2+5O2
2H2O+4CO2
light
blue
flame,
heat
release,
black
smoke,
makes the limewater
turbid gas and the anhydrous CuSO4 blue
liquid (water), oxyacetylene flame
welding and cutting metal
2KClO3MnO2 +3O2 = Delta 2KCl generated
with Mars, wood
rekindled laboratory
preparation of oxygen gas
2KMnO4 K2MnO4+MnO2+O2 = purple
generated glowing splint
rekindled
laboratory preparation of oxygen gas, black
2HgO Delta 2Hg+O2 = red
generation gas Lavoisier experiment
with Mars resurgence is silvery white,
wood
2H2O
power
2H2
=
+O2
=
water
power
decomposition
into
hydrogen
and oxygen in water
electrolysis
Cu2 (OH) 2CO3
2CuO+H2O+CO2 green arrow, black tube wall, the
liquid limewater turbid gas heating P.
NH4HCO3 NH3 = H2O +CO2 = a
+ white solid liquid, tube wall has
disappeared, the limewater turbid gas
ammonium bicarbonate
long-term exposure
in the air will disappear
Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2 = have a large number
of bubbles, zinc
particles gradually
dissolve the laboratory preparation of
hydrogen
Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2 = have a large number
of bubbles, the metal
particles
gradually dissolved
Mg+H2SO4 =MgSO4+H2 has a large number
of bubbles increases,
metal particles
gradually dissolved
3+3H2
=
2Al+3H2SO4=Al2
(SO4)
has
a
large
number
of
bubbles,
the
metal particles gradually dissolved
Fe2O3+3H2 Delta 2Fe+3H2O
red is gradually changed to silver
white, with liquid metal smelting in
test tube wall, and
reduction of
hydrogen gas
Fe3O4+4H2
Delta
3Fe+4H2O
black
gradually
becomes
silvery
white,
with liquid metal
smelting in test tube wall and reduction of
hydrogen
WO3+3H2, W, +3H2O, smelting of tungsten
metal, reduction of
hydrogen
MoO3+3H2, Mo, +3H2O,
smelting molybdenum metal, hydrogen
reduction
2Na+Cl2 delta or ignite 2NaCl, intense
combustion, formation
of yellow flame
ion compounds,
H2+Cl2 light
or light 2HCl light pale flame and fog bottle
covalent
compounds
formation,
preparation
of
hydrochloric
acid
CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu (OH) 2: +Na2SO4 blue
precipitate formation,
upper
solution
mass
conservation
law
clarification
experiments
2C
+O2
ignites
one
of
the
common
reactions,
air
pollutants
and
gas poisoning in 2CO coal stoves
2C O+O2 ignite 2CO2 blue
flame gas burning