-
1
00:00:26,630 -->
00:00:28,030
系统
这里是推进小组
我已抵达
...
Systems
this is prop, I reach..
2
00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:29,860
收到了吗？
do you read
me?
3
00:00:30,460 --> 00:00:33,860
这些人正看着耗费他们毕生心力的作品步入终结
These people are watching their life's
work come to an end.
4
00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:35,360
小组正在前往目标
...
MAN
(over radio): The team is on its way to point.
5
00:00:35,500
--> 00:00:37,030
在另一个星球上
On another world.
6
00:00:37,160 -->
00:00:39,020
好的
收到
MAN (over
radio): All right. Roger that.
7
00:00:47,660 -->
00:00:50,780
送她升空时
他们还都很年轻
They were
all young when they sent her on her way.
8
00:00:54,060
--> 00:00:59,360
通过她
这些人已间接在宇宙旅行了二十多年
These
men
and
women
have
been
traveling
vicariously
with
her
for
more
than
two
decades.
9
00:01:06,830 --> 00:01:12,400
现在
她的任务已经完成
所以她必须死去
And now, her work is done,
so she must die.
10
00:01:16,180 --> 00:01:19,260
但在她陨落之前
But
before she takes the fatal plunge,
11
00:01:19,560 -->
00:01:23,680
他们给了她一个终极挑战
they've given her one final, epic
challenge.
12
00:02:25,730 --> 00:02:34,100
贝壳字幕组译制
转载请注明出处
13
00:02:28,440 -->
00:02:33,560
翻译
:
14
00:02:28,440 -->
00:02:33,560
校对
:
15
00:02:28,440 -->
00:02:33,560
路边野餐
重楼
16
00:02:28,440 --> 00:02:33,560
川大毕同学
17
00:02:28,440 -->
00:02:33,560
字幕组频道：
/bkzmz
18
00:02:29,810
--> 00:02:33,560
宇宙
未知世界
19
00:02:46,930 -->
00:02:49,930
引力有许多花招
Gravity has a
big bag of tricks,
20
00:02:50,060 --> 00:02:53,700
其中没有比行星环更可爱的了
none lovelier than the ring systems of
worlds.
21
00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:58,330
仅我们所在的太阳系就有四颗环状行星
Our own solar system, alone, has four
ringed planets.
22
00:03:02,230 --> 00:03:07,130
这颗环状行星有着一个浪漫的名字
J-1407B
This one, with the romantic name
J-1407B,
23
00:03:07,260 --> 00:03:10,220
它是我们发现的第一颗绕另一颗恒星旋转的环状行星
is the first we've found circling
another sun.
24
00:03:11,280 --> 00:03:14,200
为什么我们没在银河系中找到更多环状行星？
Why haven't we found more ringed
planets in our galaxy?
25
00:03:19,860 --> 00:03:22,380
是不是行星环本身就很稀有？
Is
it that the rings are so unusual,
26
00:03:22,830 -->
00:03:26,080
还是我们用来寻找系外行星的方法
or are the methods we use to find
exoplanets not very
27
00:03:26,240 --> 00:03:29,040
很难看出可能围绕着它们的行星环？
good at seeing the ring systems that
may surround them?
28
00:03:30,900 --> 00:03:33,880
J-1407B
的行星环非常庞大
J-1407B's ring system is so vast,
29
00:03:34,260
--> 00:03:37,030
甚至会让它的恒星连续几天出现食相
that it eclipsed its star for days.
30
00:03:37,960
--> 00:03:42,400
这些环横跨惊人的一亿一千两百万英里
These rings extend across an
astonishing 112 million miles.
31
00:03:43,060 -->
00:03:46,620
比太阳和地球之间的距离还要长
They would more than fill the distance
between Earth and the sun.
32
00:03:49,100 -->
00:03:52,720
尽管巨大无比
但这些行星环却出奇的薄
But
as enormous as they are, they're shockingly thin.
33
00:03:53,230
--> 00:03:57,760
如果
J-1407B
的环跟餐盘一样大
If the
ring system of J-1407B were the size of a dinner
plate,
34
00:03:57,900 --> 00:04:00,800
那么它的厚度要比餐盘薄
100
倍
it would have to be 100 times thinner,
35
00:04:00,930
--> 00:04:03,630
跟人的头发一样细
as thin as a human hair.
36
00:04:06,280 -->
00:04:09,430
行星环的巨大范围和它的薄如蝉翼
This surprising contrast between the
immense territory
37
00:04:09,560
--> 00:04:11,830
形成的这种惊人对比
of a ring system, and its thinness,
38
00:04:11,960
--> 00:04:15,000
在我们的太阳系中同样显著
is
just as striking in our own solar system.
39
00:04:16,000
--> 00:04:18,740
海王星最外层的星环十分细致
The
outermost ring of Neptune is so dainty,
40
00:04:19,080
--> 00:04:21,820
一开始被认为是行星环的碎片
that it was first thought to be the
fragments of a ring.
41
00:04:22,330 --> 00:04:24,940
它不是圆环
而是弧形的集合
Not a
ring, but a collection of arcs.
42
00:04:25,530 -->
00:04:28,500
直到
NASA
的旅行者
2
号飞船揭示
That was, until NASA's Voyager 2
spacecraft revealed
43
00:04:28,630 --> 00:04:31,730
所谓的弧形是团块
that the
so-called arcs were clumps,
44
00:04:31,860 -->
00:04:34,960
是整个薄弱行星环中较厚的一部分
the thicker parts of a fainter,
complete ring.
45
00:04:39,530 --> 00:04:42,460
这很有趣
太阳系中最奇怪的行星
It's
funny that the weirdest planet in the solar system
has
46
00:04:42,600 -->
00:04:45,200
吸引的关注反而最少
attracted the least attention.
47
00:04:45,330
--> 00:04:48,100
旅行者
2
号是唯一一艘
Voyager 2 is the
only spacecraft that has ever been
48
00:04:48,230 -->
00:04:51,330
被送往天王星执行勘测任务的太空船
sent on a reconnaissance mission to
Uranus,
49
00:04:51,460 --> 00:04:54,520
天王星是太阳系的两颗冰巨行星之一
one of the two ice giant planets that
circle the sun.
50
00:04:56,540 --> 00:04:58,930
在长达二十年的夏季中
During
its 20-year-long summers,
51
00:04:59,060 -->
00:05:01,560
天王星从不日落
the sun never sets on Uranus.
52
00:05:02,100
--> 00:05:04,100
冬天同样漫长
The winters are equally as long,
53
00:05:04,260
--> 00:05:06,820
黑夜整整持续二十年
20 years of unbroken night.
54
00:05:11,020 -->
00:05:15,200
与其他气态行星不同
天王星拥有冰冷的核心
Unlike
its fellow gas planets, Uranus is cold-hearted.
55
00:05:15,330 --> 00:05:17,700
不会产生任何内部热量
It
doesn't generate any internal heat.
56
00:05:26,100 -->
00:05:29,100
天王星是一个疯狂的星球
Uranus is one crazy world.
57
00:05:29,860 -->
00:05:32,600
大气层的外缘温度极高
The outer edge of Uranus's atmosphere
is so hot,
58
00:05:32,730 --> 00:05:36,620
超过华氏
500
度（摄氏
260<
/p>
度）
it's hotter
than 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
59
00:05:39,740 -->
00:05:43,730
但天王星也有太阳系中最冷的云
But Uranus also has the coldest clouds
in the solar system,
60
00:05:43,860 --> 00:05:46,840
将近零下
400
华氏度（零下
20
4
摄氏度）
I'm talking
nearly 400 degrees below zero.
61
00:05:54,060 -->
00:05:56,260
这是什么样的海洋？
What kind of ocean is this?
62
00:05:57,530 -->
00:05:59,040
是氨组成的？
Is it made of ammonia?
63
00:05:59,800 -->
00:06:00,780
还是水？
Water?
64
00:06:02,160
--> 00:06:06,680
一些科学家认为它可能由液态钻石组成
Some scientists think it may be an
ocean of liquid diamonds.
65
00:06:07,900 -->
00:06:11,840
各国太空机构请注意
这里也许值得再来一趟
Note
to space agencies, might be worth another visit.
66
00:06:17,040
--> 00:06:20,000
还有一件事就是关于它的偏斜
Then there's that thing about it being
sideways.
67
00:06:21,130 --> 00:06:26,240
天王星以跟自己的轨道面约呈九十度的角度绕行太阳
Uranus revolves around the sun at a
roughly 90 degree angle to its own
orbital plane.
68
00:06:26,800 -->
00:06:30,930
天王星上到底发生了什么
才使它这么偏斜？
What
could have happened to Uranus that it got knocked
on its ass?
69
00:06:32,640 --> 00:06:36,400
我们推测最有可能是发生了这样的事
Our best guess is that it went
something like this.
70
00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:45,120
天王星遭遇了一场严重的意外
Uranus was in a terrible accident.
71
00:06:53,380
--> 00:06:59,060
在第二次撞击后
天王星的自转轴倾斜了
98
度
After the second blow, the
rotational axis of Uranus tipped 98 degrees.
72
00:07:02,660 --> 00:07:04,800
在太阳系中还有另一个星球
There's another world in our solar
system that we don't
73
00:07:04,930 --> 00:07:07,300
我们曾经以为它没有行星环
think of as having a ring.
74
00:07:08,300 -->
00:07:10,520
木星的行星环十分黯淡
The rings of Jupiter were so dim
75
00:07:10,640
--> 00:07:13,280
所有的地面望远镜都不曾看见过
that no ground-based telescope ever saw
them.
76
00:07:14,100 --> 00:07:17,320
直到在旅行者
1
号飞过时
才被发现
They were
discovered when Voyager 1 came flying by.
77
00:07:23,880
--> 00:07:27,360
土星拥有太阳系中最可爱
最大
Our Saturn is
graced by the loveliest, largest,
78
00:07:27,500 -->
00:07:31,220
并且最亮的行星环
and brightest ring system of any around
our sun.
79
00:07:32,400 --> 00:07:35,600
它是我们肉眼可见的最远行星
It's the most distant planet that can
be seen with the naked eye,
80
00:07:35,730 -->
00:07:38,560
给我们的祖先留下了深刻印象
and it made quite an impression on our
ancestors.
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00:07:47,860 -->
00:07:52,180
当我想到
3500
年前的巴比伦人
When I think of
the Babylonians of 3,500 years ago looking up
82
00:07:52,280
--> 00:07:54,340
抬头仰望行星和恒星
at the planets and stars,
83
00:07:54,640 -->
00:07:57,800
我觉得他们一定无法想象
I wonder how unlikely it would have
seemed that one of their
84
00:07:57,920 --> 00:08:01,060
人类会派出使者
species
would actually send an emissary to that
85
00:08:01,200
--> 00:08:03,580
前往那些遥远光点
distant point of light.
86
00:08:12,500 -->
00:08:17,300
这里是
NASA
< br>喷射推进实验室的深空网络室
We
are
in
the
Deep
Space
Network
room
at
NASA's
Jet
Propulsion
Laboratory.
87
00:08:18,130
--> 00:08:23,400
最具雄心的探索都是在这里进行指挥和监控
In this place, the most ambitious
voyages of discovery are directed and
monitored.
88
00:08:24,500 --> 00:08:26,820
为什么这些人这么难过？
Why
are these people so emotional?
89
00:08:27,330 -->
00:08:29,530
他们投入整个职业生涯
They have
committed their professional lives to
90
00:08:29,660 -->
00:08:32,920
同这台机器人合作
a collaboration with this robot.
91
00:08:40,800
--> 00:08:44,060
现在这段几十年的合作关系
And
now that partnership of decades is about to end
92
00:08:44,200
--> 00:08:46,700
将以一钟最激烈的方式结束
in a
most violent way.
93
00:08:47,140 --> 00:08:49,960
曾经我们只能困守地球
The
pathway from our Earthbound helplessness to
94
00:08:50,100
--> 00:08:54,000
如今一条通往土星的道路正在铺设
our presence in Saturn's skies is about
to unfold.
95
00:09:02,300 --> 00:09:05,940
我们看到的那个发出微光
一直颤动的东西是什么？
What
is that shimmering, unsteady thing we're looking
at?
96
00:09:06,700 --> 00:09:11,520
伽利略·伽利莱在
1610
年就这么问自己
That's what Galileo Galilei asked
himself in 1610 when he
97
00:09:11,660 --> 00:09:16,580
他是第一个不只是将土星视为一个光点的人
became the first human to see Saturn as
more than just a point of light.
98
00:09:20,730 -->
00:09:25,820
这是使现代科学革命成为可能的望远镜
So, this is the telescope that made the
modern scientific revolution
possible.
99
00:09:26,560
--> 00:09:28,960
你真的开启了一个新纪元
You know, you really started something.
100
00:09:29,760
--> 00:09:33,320
你通过那台望远镜发现了宇宙的存在
You looked through that thing and found
the cosmos.
101
00:09:34,500 --> 00:09:38,130
这并不是说你没有犯错误
That's not to say you didn't make your
share of mistakes.
102
00:09:38,260 --> 00:09:41,000
你猜错了自己看到的东西
You
guessed wrong at what you thought you saw,
103
00:09:41,130
--> 00:09:43,980
你以为在土星两侧
believing that Saturn sported two
symmetrical moons
104
00:09:44,100 --> 00:09:46,300
各有一颗对称的卫星
on
either side of it.
105
00:09:46,430 --> 00:09:49,260
两年后
当你再次观测
Two years
later, when you took a second look,
106
00:09:49,400 -->
00:09:52,920
却震惊的发现那些卫星消失了
you were shocked to find that your
107
00:09:54,500 --> 00:09:56,800
这是因为地球和土星都在运动
This was because both worlds, Earth and
Saturn,
108
00:09:56,930 --> 00:10:01,030
两个星球跟彼此的相对位置已经改变
were
in
motion,
and
the
two
worlds
had
changed
in
position
to
each
other.
109
00:10:01,160 --> 00:10:04,040
你现在看到的是土星环边缘
You
were now looking at Saturn's rings, edge-on.
110
00:10:05,400
--> 00:10:08,930
土星环的直径为
1750
00
英里
The Saturn
ring system is 175,000 miles across,
111
00:10:09,060 -->
00:10:12,660
但平均只有几百英尺厚
but on average only a few hundred feet
thick.
112
00:10:14,080 --> 00:10:17,080
薄到你这种早期的望远镜看不见
They were too thin for your fledgling
telescope to see.
113
00:10:21,260 --> 00:10:24,360
但两年后
你又进行了第三次观测
But
two years after that, you took a third look.
114
00:10:25,060
--> 00:10:28,500
这次你认为这个星球有手臂
Now,
you thought that the planet had arms.
115
00:10:55,000 -->
00:10:57,800
40
年后
荷兰天文学家克里斯蒂安·惠更斯
40 years passed, until a Dutch
astronomer named
116
00:10:57,930
--> 00:11:00,660
用他自己大幅改进的望远镜
Christiaan Huygens took another look at
Saturn with
117
00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:03,800
再次观测土星
his own
greatly improved telescope.
118
00:11:17,620 -->
00:11:20,400
惠更斯是第一个知道有些星球被圆环围绕的人
Huygens was the first to know that
worlds could
119
00:11:20,530 --> 00:11:24,660
土星就是其中之一
be
circled by rings, and Saturn was one of them.
120
00:11:24,800
--> 00:11:27,400
他还发现了土星最大的卫星
He
also discovered Saturn's largest moon,
121
00:11:27,530 -->
00:11:30,380
后来被称为泰坦
which would later be known as Titan.
122
00:11:31,260
--> 00:11:34,230
当我们终于能够造访土星的时候
When it finally came time for us to
visit that world,
123
00:11:34,360 --> 00:11:37,780
我们用惠更斯的名字来给太空船命名
our spacecraft bore Huygens's name.
124
00:11:39,860
--> 00:11:42,500
在科学界
有伽利略
牛顿
In science, there are the Galileos, the
Newtons,
125
00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:44,560
达尔文
爱因斯坦这些大师
the
Darwins, the Einsteins.
126
00:11:44,700 --> 00:11:47,900
还有另一种伟大的科学家
And
then there's another kind of great scientist.
127
00:11:48,030
--> 00:11:50,630
不是那种能描绘出全新自然法则的大师
Not the kind that paints a whole new
picture of nature,
128
00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:53,230
而是像克里斯蒂安·惠更斯一样
but, like Christiaan Huygens,
129
00:11:53,360
--> 00:11:55,560
做出很多贡献
someone who has much to contribute,
130
00:11:55,700
--> 00:11:58,340
在科学的巨大画布上填满一两处空白
filling in a blank or two on that vast
canvas.
131
00:11:59,030 --> 00:12:02,840
乔凡尼·多梅尼科·卡西尼就是这种科学家
Such a scientist was Giovanni Domenico
Cassini.
132
00:12:05,830 --> 00:12:07,990
他出生于
17
世纪初
He was born early in the 17th century
133
00:12:07,990
--> 00:12:12,080
在现在的意大利的佩里纳尔多镇
in
the town of Perinaldo, in what is now Italy.
134
00:12:12,730
--> 00:12:15,300
卡西尼起初并不是科学家
Cassini didn't start out as a
scientist.
135
00:12:15,430 --> 00:12:19,730
他以伪科学的身份展开职业生涯
：占星师
He began his
career as a pseudo-scientist, an astrologer.
136
00:12:20,400
--> 00:12:23,530
占星术是各种观念的集结
Astrology is a collection of ideas
based on the notion that
137
00:12:23,660 -->
00:12:26,960
以星球具有特定人格特征为基础
worlds have certain human personality
traits,
138
00:12:27,100 --> 00:12:29,700
而且这些遥远星球的影响力
and
that the influence of these distant worlds,
139
00:12:29,830
--> 00:12:33,280
根据你出生时有哪些星球上升和下降
depending on which are rising and
falling at the time of your birth
140
00:12:33,280 -->
00:12:38,100
将会决定你的个性和命运
will determine who you are and what
your fate will be.
141
00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:39,960
这是另一种形式的偏见
It's
another form of prejudice,
142
00:12:40,100 --> 00:12:42,160
不去真正了解一个人
making
unfounded assumptions about who a person
143
00:12:42,300
--> 00:12:45,760
就对他做出毫无根据的假设
is
without bothering to get to know them.
144
00:12:46,730 -->
00:12:50,130
天文学和占星术曾经是同一回事
Astronomy and astrology used to be the
same thing,
145
00:12:50,260 --> 00:12:52,260
直到我们对自己在宇宙中的真实处境
until there was a great awakening to
our
146
00:12:52,400 --> 00:12:55,380
有了重大觉醒
actual
circumstances in the cosmos.
147
00:12:56,680 -->
00:13:02,200
1543
年
波兰神职人员尼古拉斯·哥白尼指出
In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish
cleric demonstrated that,
148
00:13:02,330 -->
00:13:04,030
与当时流行的看法相反
contrary to popular belief,
149
00:13:04,160 -->
00:13:06,920
我们不是宇宙的中心
we were not the center of the
universe...
150
00:13:07,400 --> 00:13:10,900
地球和其他行星都围绕着太阳转动
the Earth and the other planets
travelled around the sun.
151
00:13:11,520
--> 00:13:14,230
将地球从宇宙中心降级
Demoting the Earth from the center of
the universe
152
00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:17,360
对人类的自尊是沉重打击
was a
severe blow to human self-esteem.
153
00:13:17,720 -->
00:13:19,560
超过一个多世纪后
More than a century later,
154
00:13:19,700 -->
00:13:21,880
有些人还是没有接受这个事实
some people still hadn't gotten over
it,
155
00:13:22,160 --> 00:13:25,000
乔瓦尼·卡西尼就是其中之一
and
Giovanni Cassini was one of them.
156
00:13:25,130 -->
00:13:28,330
卡西尼接受了一个很好的工作邀约
Cassini accepted a terrific job offer,
157
00:13:28,460
--> 00:13:30,630
由路易十四
an appointment by Louis the XIV,
158
00:13:30,760
--> 00:13:33,220
传奇的法国太阳王任命
the legendary sun King of France,
159
00:13:33,880
--> 00:13:38,720
路易十四自认为是一个执行天命的绝对统治者
Louis believed
himself to be an absolute ruler whose dominion was
God's
will.
160
00:13:39,140 --> 00:13:42,100
但他也是欧洲第一个认识到
But
he was also the first monarch in Europe to
recognize
161
00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:44,260
科学具有强大力量的君主
the
great power of science.
162
00:13:44,530 --> 00:13:47,600
他知道这对国家安全至关重要
He
knew it was vital to national security.
163
00:13:49,960
--> 00:13:53,060
路易十四创设了世界上第一所
Louis the XIV was inventing the first
modern,
164
00:13:53,200 --> 00:13:56,330
现代的公办科学研究机构
governmental, scientific research
institute,
165
00:13:56,460 --> 00:13:58,700
巴黎天文台
The Paris
Observatory.
166
00:14:08,700 --> 00:14:11,260
卡西尼告诉这位绝对统治者他不会久居巴黎
Cassini told the absolute ruler that he
would not be
167
00:14:11,400 --> 00:14:15,120
顶多待一两年
staying
long in Paris, a year or two, at most.
168
00:14:17,780 --> 00:14:21,800
但当国王把他的新天文台交给卡西尼管理
But when the King placed his new
observatory at Cassini's disposal,
169
00:14:21,930 -->
00:14:26,080
他再也没有兴趣回意大利的家了
he lost all interest in returning home
to Italy ever again.
170
00:14:26,760 --> 00:14:29,430
在接下来的
125
年
For the next 125 years,
171
00:14:29,560 -->
00:14:33,580
巴黎天文台都由卡西尼家族领导
the Paris Observatory would be led by a
Cassini.
172
00:14:36,660 --> 00:14:39,700
卡西尼将一幅月球地图献给他的赞助者
Cassini rewarded his patron with a map
of the Moon
173
00:14:39,830 --> 00:14:42,340
这在一个世纪以来都是尖端科技
that remained cutting-edge for a
century.
174
00:14:43,360 --> 00:14:46,200
路易十四资助了一次前往南美的研究远征
King Louis financed a research
expedition to South America
175
00:14:46,330 -->
00:14:49,160
用以对经度进行更准确的测量
to obtain more accurate measurements of
longitude,
176
00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:52,820
这对他手下远征船队的船长和天文学家来说
intel of enormous value to the captains
of his far-flung
177
00:14:52,930
--> 00:14:56,060
是极具价值的情报
fleet and to astronomers.
178
00:14:57,300 -->
00:15:00,100
卡西尼取得了这些数据
成为了第一个
Cassini
took all these data and became the first person
179
00:15:00,230
--> 00:15:05,460
计算他曾拒绝过的哥白尼太阳系规模的人
to calculate the scale of the
Copernican solar system that he had once
rejected.
180
00:15:06,100 --> 00:15:08,460
随着他的望远镜功能越来越强大
With his increasingly powerful
telescopes,
181
00:15:08,600 --> 00:15:11,300
他发现了木星上一天的长度
he
discovered the length of a day on Jupiter
182
00:15:11,430
--> 00:15:14,720
及其表面的风带和斑点
and the bands and spots on that
planet's surface.
183
00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:18,760
卡西尼与英国的罗伯特·胡克
Cassini discovered Jupiter's Great Red
Spot independently
184
00:15:18,900 --> 00:15:21,700
各自独立发现了木星的大红斑
of
Robert Hooke in England, and to this day,
185
00:15:21,830
--> 00:15:23,880
直到今天他们都共享这份荣誉
they share the credit.
186
00:15:24,560
--> 00:15:28,530
卡西尼接着着手计算火星上一天的长度
Cassini went on to determine the length
of the day on Mars.
187
00:15:30,230 --> 00:15:33,280
他的计算结果与真实数值只有三分钟的差距
He was only off by three minutes.
188
00:15:34,230
--> 00:15:37,060
当他回头对木星进行观察
When he returned to his observations of
Jupiter,
189
00:15:37,200 --> 00:15:39,520
其中的矛盾使他百思不得其解
he
was stumped by the contradictions in them.
190
00:15:40,100
--> 00:15:44,000
木星的卫星没在预期的时间出现食相
The
eclipses
by
Jupiter's
moons
did
not
begin
when
they
were
supposed
to,
191
00:15:44,130 -->
00:15:47,800
每次食相观察到的时间都不同
they varied from observation to
observation.
192
00:15:47,930 --> 00:15:51,200
这是地球和木星在太阳系移动时
Could it be that it was due to changes
in the distance
193
00:15:51,330 --> 00:15:55,630
两个星球间的距离变化导致的吗？
of the Earth from Jupiter, as the two
worlds moved through the solar
system?
194
00:15:56,530 --> 00:15:59,530
如果这是真的
那么光速就不是无穷大
If
that were true, then light could not travel at
195
00:15:59,660
--> 00:16:03,640
因为它需要更长的时间才能到达地球
an infinite speed because it was taking
longer to reach Earth.
196
00:16:04,160 --> 00:16:07,240
光速是有限的吗？
Was the
speed of light finite?
197
00:16:07,800 --> 00:16:12,030
这个想法对卡西尼来说太疯狂了
太具革命性
This idea
was just too crazy for Cassini, too revolutionary.
198
00:16:12,160
--> 00:16:14,160
被他毅然决然地摒弃了
He rejected it out of hand.
199
00:16:14,630 -->
00:16:17,130
如果他坚持遵循证据研究下去
If he had followed the evidence
wherever it led,
200
00:16:17,260 --> 00:16:19,630
他就能发现在
350
年后
he would have given us the yardstick
for the cosmos that
201
00:16:19,760 --> 00:16:23,230
我们仍在使用的宇宙法则
we
still use 350 years later.
202
00:16:23,360 -->
00:16:26,060
但是卡西尼过于保守
But Cassini, ever the conservative,
203
00:16:26,200 --> 00:16:29,720
摒弃了这个他认为太过古怪的想法
dismissed the idea as being just too
wacky.
204
00:16:31,660 --> 00:16:33,730
几年后
丹麦天文学家奥勒·罗默
Several years later, a Danish
astronomer,
205
00:16:33,860 --> 00:16:38,500
成为卡西尼在巴黎天文台的助手
Ole Romer, became Cassini's assistant
at the Paris Observatory.
206
00:16:39,120 -->
00:16:41,960
罗默对土星卫星的食相进行了自己的观察
Romer made his own observations of the
eclipses
207
00:16:42,100 --> 00:16:48,530
也发现了那些被卡西尼摒弃的数据差异
of some of Jupiter's moons and found
the same discrepancies in the data
that
Cassini had dismissed.
208
00:16:48,660 --> 00:16:51,700
但罗默意识到了其中的意义
But
Romer recognized them for what they were,
209
00:16:51,830
--> 00:16:55,230
这是证明光速有限的证据
Pieces of evidence for the finite speed
of light.
210
00:16:57,180 --> 00:16:59,800
但卡西尼也曾经极度忠于数据
There was a time, however, when
Cassini's faithfulness
211
00:16:59,930 --> 00:17:05,460
甚至不惜冒犯路易十四
to the data was so extreme,
that he was willing to risk the displeasure
of King Louis.
212
00:17:06,230 -->
00:17:10,500
国王要求卡西尼计算出王国的确切面积
The monarch asked Cassini to calculate
the exact area of his realm.
213
00:17:10,630 -->
00:17:13,860
从来没有人尝试过制作一张准确的地图
No one had ever attempted to make an
accurate map,
214
00:17:14,020 --> 00:17:16,550
更不用说地形图了
much
less a topographical one that would feature all
215
00:17:16,660
--> 00:17:19,030
这能展示法国所有山脉
河流和谷底
the
mountains and rivers and valleys of France,
216
00:17:19,160
--> 00:17:21,530
或任何其他国家的地形
or of any other country for that
matter.
217
00:17:21,660 --> 00:17:25,100
卡西尼号接下了任务
Cassini
rose to the task, but discovered results that
218
00:17:25,230
--> 00:17:28,560
但发现结果不可能会取悦国王
could not possibly please the King.
219
00:17:38,720
--> 00:17:40,860
卡西尼告诉国王
Cassini told the King,
220
00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:44,400
我有一些相当令人失望的消息要告诉您
殿下
221
00:17:45,820 -->
00:17:51,060
我们都以为法国会比我们的研究结果大很多
但陛下
We all
thought that France was a whole lot bigger than
our studies,
revealed.
222
00:17:51,730 -->
00:17:56,900
恐怕您的王国比以前想象的要小很多
I'm afraid, Your Majesty, your kingdom
is much smaller than heretofore
thought.
223
00:18:00,750 --> 00:18:03,630
令众人意外的是
国王展现了绝佳的幽默感
The
King surprised everyone with his great good humor,
224
00:18:03,760
--> 00:18:07,100
说：
怎么回事
卡西尼
我被你抢走的土地
saying,
225
00:18:07,230
--> 00:18:10,700
比我所有的敌军加起来还多
than
all the armies of my enemies combined.
226
00:18:16,560 -->
00:18:19,580
另外还有他对土星的研究
And then, there is his work on Saturn.
227
00:18:23,160
--> 00:18:27,560
他是第一个知道土星环真实面貌的人
He was the first person to know what
the rings of Saturn really were.
228
00:18:27,700 -->
00:18:30,660
他指出他们不是固体
He proposed
that they were not solid,
229
00:18:30,800 -->
00:18:33,400
而是由绕行土星的无数卫星组成
but instead composed of countless
satellites orbiting
230
00:18:33,530 --> 00:18:39,200
他观察到土星环之间有一定距离
the planet, and he
observed
that
there
was a division
between the rings.
231
00:18:40,000 -->
00:18:44,180
卡西尼填补了人们对土星认识的一些重大空缺
Cassini filled in some of
the big
blanks in our
understanding of Saturn,
232
00:18:46,300 -->
00:18:49,380
但是我们通过哪种可能的方式去到那里呢？
but how could we possibly ever get
there?
233
00:18:51,060 --> 00:18:54,260
有个人将会完成这项神奇的探索任务
Accomplishing that mythic quest was
left to one whose
234
00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:57,730
要不是因为你接下来即将看到的事件
tragic life would have been completely
forgotten,
235
00:18:57,860 --> 00:19:01,100
他的悲剧人生本来会被彻底遗忘
if
not for what you are about to see.
236
00:19:11,940 -->
00:19:15,830
发射升空时重达
12000
磅以上
Weighing in at
more than 12,000 pounds at launch,
237
00:19:15,920 -->
00:19:19,760
NA
SA
的卡西尼号宇宙飞船只有一辆巴士那么大
NASA's Cassini spacecraft is the size
of a bus.
238
00:19:19,920 --> 00:19:24,220
这个数字包括
70
磅钚
238
燃料
That figure
included 70 pounds of plutonium 238 fuel,
239
00:19:24,330
--> 00:19:27,260
足够让她飞行超过
20<
/p>
年
enough to last
her for more than 20 years.
240
00:19:28,330 -->
00:19:31,200
但推动这趟神奇漫游的并非这些燃料
But that's not what powered her mythic
odyssey.
241
00:19:31,760 --> 00:19:36,760
卡西尼号乘着引力的彩虹一路抵达外太阳系
She rode gravity's rainbow all the way
to the outer-solar system.
242
00:19:41,020 -->
00:19:44,330
人类最伟大成就的传承
The lineage of the greatest of human
achievements stretches
243
00:19:44,460 --> 00:19:46,960
可以回溯到比我们认为的还更久远的过去
further back than we might assume.
244
00:19:47,360
--> 00:19:51,630
有些源头深埋在希望尽失之人的墓中
Some of their roots are buried deep
inside the tomb of lost hope.
245
00:19:52,780 -->
00:19:56,000
但不论如何
梦想总能升起
But
somehow, dreams rise.
246
00:19:56,130
--> 00:19:59,300
太空探索第一个黄金时代的史诗任务
The epic missions of the first golden
age of space exploration,
247
00:19:59,430 -->
00:20:00,860
或许还有下一个黄金时代
and likely the next,
248
00:20:01,000 -->
00:20:03,860
都是因为一个有两个名字的人而变得可能
were made possible by a man whose two
names,
249
00:20:04,000 --> 00:20:07,660
他的真名和假名都一起被遗忘了
one real, one fake, are equally
forgotten.
250
00:20:17,330 --> 00:20:21,300
亚历山大·沙尔基的早年没有清楚记载
Alexander Shargei's early years are not
well-documented
251
00:20:21,430 --> 00:20:24,860
但据说他的母亲是一位政治活动家
but it is believed that his mother, a
political activist
252
00:20:25,000 --> 00:20:29,100
在他只有五岁的时候就被抓走了
was taken from him when he was only
five years old
253
00:20:34,860 --> 00:20:39,530
他在父亲的物理和数学教科书中寻求庇护
He took refuge in his father's physics
and mathematics textbooks.
254
00:20:39,660 -->
00:20:42,700
但在亚历山大
13
岁时
But by the time
Alexander was 13
255
00:20:42,830
--> 00:20:45,560
他也失去了他的父亲
the boy had lost his father, too.
256
00:20:45,700
--> 00:20:47,560
他和他的祖母住在一起
He lived with his grandmother
257
00:20:47,560
--> 00:20:49,060
尽管生活艰辛
and despite great hardship
258
00:20:49,200 -->
00:20:52,330
他还是被最负盛名的高中录取了
he managed to be accepted at the most
prestigious high school
259
00:20:52,460 --> 00:20:54,670
之后又考上了
and
afterwards gained admission to
260
00:20:54,670 -->
00:20:57,430
乌克兰最好的工程学院
the best engineering institute in the
Ukraine.
261
00:20:57,560 --> 00:20:59,950
但就学才两个月
But only
two months after he arrived there
262
00:20:59,950 -->
00:21:00,850
在
1914
年
in 1914
263
00:21:00,850 --> 00:21:03,100
他被征召加入沙皇的军队
he
was drafted into the Czar's army
264
00:21:03,100 --> 00:21:05,100
参加第一次世界大战
to
fight in the First World War.
265
00:21:25,960 -->
00:21:28,230
在前线的战争地狱中
In the hell of war at the front
266
00:21:28,360
--> 00:21:32,180
亚历山大构思了一个
Alexander Shargei conceived a
scientific strategy
267
00:21:32,190 --> 00:21:34,190
探索月球的科学策略
for
exploring the Moon
268
00:21:34,190 --> 00:21:38,030
不是要写小说
而是作为行动蓝图
not
intended as fiction, but as blueprint
269
00:22:01,400 -->
00:22:04,430
但是沙尔基的地狱并没有随着战争结束
But Shargei's hell didn't end with the
war
270
00:22:04,560 --> 00:22:06,430
现在
沙尔基被迫穿越
Now,
Shargei was forced to
271
00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:10,700
革命四起的俄国的危险政治雷区
navigate the treacherous political mine
fields of revolutionary Russia.
272
00:22:10,830 -->
00:22:13,930
他更擅长弄清如何上月球
He was much
better at figuring out how to get to the Moon.
273
00:22:14,500
--> 00:22:18,180
因为被迫加入反革命白军
Former officers in the Czar's army and
those such as Shargei
274
00:22:14,500 --> 00:22:18,180
白军：俄国内战中对抗苏俄红军的军队
275
00:22:18,180
--> 00:22:21,760
沙尔基等沙皇军队的前军官
who
were forced to join the counter-revolutionary
White Army
276
00:22:21,760 --> 00:22:24,260
被视为人民的敌人
were
assumed to be enemies of the people
277
00:22:27,800 -->
00:22:30,630
带走（俄语）
278
00:22:30,760 --> 00:22:33,800
沙尔基在苏联无法安宁度日
Shargei could find no peace in the
Soviet Union
279
00:22:33,930 --> 00:22:37,930
他在绝望之下试图逃往波兰
so
in desperation he tried to escape to Poland.
280
00:22:44,130
--> 00:22:47,260
病怏怏的沙尔基被守卫拦下了
Shargei, weakened by illness, was
stopped by guards
281
00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:51,200
在边境被遣回