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法律英语中的一词多义现象

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2021-02-26 09:47
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2021年2月26日发(作者:maple是什么意思)


一词多义的常用单词





Accept




释义:


accept


在普通英语中的含义是接受,


这一点无须赘述。


在法律 英语


accept


也有两个最常用的意思:




①承诺,是合同法中的概念 ,与邀约


offer


相对应,如





A contract may be formed if an offer is accepted within the specified


time and in the required manner






如果在规定的时间并以特定的方式对一项邀约作出承诺,合同 即可成立。





其他如


revoke an acceptance


(撤回承诺)等。





②Accept

< br>承兑,经常出现在票据法中,如





The draft is accepted by the negotiating bank






议付行对汇票进行了承兑。








Action



< br>释义:


action


是法律英语中最常用的单词之一,它 有两个意思:




< br>①“诉讼”,相当于


lawsuit


,如





Party


A


shall


defend


Party


B


in


any


action


resulting


from


the


infringement


of the licensed intellectual property






就与授权使用的知识产权相关的诉讼,甲方应当为乙方进行抗辩





其他的如


file an action


(提起诉讼),


cause of action


(诉因)等。





②“作为”,与不作为(


forbe arance


)对应,如





Any negligent conduct of Party A, whether it is action or forbearance,


that


resulted


in


loss


of


party


B


shall


be


deemed


to


be


breach


of


this


Contract






甲方的任何疏忽行为,无论是作为 还是不作为,只要引起乙方损失,即可是为


甲方对本合同的违约。





Advise




释义:


a dvise


在法律英语中有两个常用意思:





①律师等法律工作者提供法律建议,如





The partner of the law firm advised the Manager on various specialist


legal issues






该律师事务所的合伙人就各种专业法律问题向经理提出了法律 建议。





②通知,相当于


notify



inf orm


,如





The use of


advise


in the sense of “inform, notify,” was restricted to


business correspondence and legal contexts. Thus one may say the suspects


were advised of their


rights, but it


would be considered pretentious to say


you’d


better


advise


your


friends


that


the


date


of


the


picnic


has


been


changed。





advise

< br>表示“通知,


告知”的这种用法局限地用于商业往来及法律情况。


因此


可以说嫌疑犯被告知他们所具有的权利,



但是你最好通知你的朋友,


野餐的日期有


所改 变,这种说法被认为是做作的。








acknowledge




释义:


acknowledge


在法律英语中 有两个常用意思:





① 承认,相当于


admit


,但其用 法更加正式,一般不能用


admit


来替换,经常



confess


连用,即


acknowledge and confess


,如:





The suspect acknowledged and confessed all his criminal activities to


the court.




犯罪嫌疑人向法院承认了全部犯罪行为。





②告知收到(书信)等





例句:


Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effectively


given on the date of personal delivery



provided that receipt shall be


acknowledged in writing by the receiving party.




参考译文:在专人送达之日视为有效送达,但收件方应书面确 认已收到通知。





Application




释义:


application


在法律英语中 有两个常见意思:





① 申请,申请书,如:





This


two-stage


process


can


be


combined


by


submitting


to


the


MOC


a


signed


technology import contract with an application for import permit.




上述两步程序也可合并进行,即向商务部提交已签署的技术引 进协议和引进许


可申请书。





② 适用,实施,如:





The application of the arbitration rules of the Arbitration Institute


in effect on the date of the signing of this Agreement is not subject to


judicial review






参考译文:仲裁庭适用本协议签署 日有效的仲裁机构的仲裁规则时不受司法审


查。





注:


ap plication


的动词是


apply


,同样有两个意思,即①适用,实施



经常用



apply


sth


to


sth


结构中,如


apply


the


relevant


laws


and


regulations


to


the


disputes


between


the


parties


适用相关法律法规解决当事人之间的争议



②申请,


通常用在


apply to sb for sth


结构,如


apply to the Ministry of Commerce for


approval of the establishment of a joint venture.


向商务部申请批准成立合


资企业。








Bond




释义:


bond

在法律英语中通常有两个含义:





①保证书、保函,即一方为保证履约行为而向对方出具的书面 保证,如





The Seller requests the Buyer to provide a letter of bond






卖方要求买方出具一份保函。





②债券,通常指公司或政府发行的有担保的债券(

< p>
Secured bond


),也可以指


泛指所有 的债券,


这个在前面的


bond



debenture


的区别中已经论述过,


就无须多


讲了。








Commission




释义:


commission


在法律英语中通常 有四个常用意思:





①佣金,即佣金是在商业活动中,具有独立地位和经营资格的中间人的在商业


活动中为他人提供服务所得到的报酬。如





He


came


to


China


to


hold


a


talk


about


the


commission


for


his


new


business






他来中国是洽谈有关生意中的佣金问题。





②二是作为,

用法与前面所说的


action


相通,

但与


omission


(不作为相对)


此处不再赘述。③三是表示委员会,如中国证监会,就是


China Securities


Regulatory Commission< /p>


,中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会为


China International


Economic and Trade Arbitrary Commission













She


has


received


many


commissions


to


design


public


buildings






她接受多项委托


,


设计公共建筑。








Contribution




释义


: contribution


在法律英语中通常有两个意思:





① 出资,


即中国公司法中所说的为了公司的设立而支付一定的金钱或实物。


< br>




The Threshold for the contribution of a single-member company is RMB


100,000yuan



which shall paid in a lump sum.




一人有限责任公司的最低出资额是人民币


10

< br>万元,并应当一次性缴纳。





②分摊(额),通常用于共同侵权或共同保险中,每一责任人都根据自己的侵

< p>
权行为或赔偿责任承担其应承担的份额。如





The right of contribution exists only in favor of a tortfeasor who has


paid more than his pro rata share of the common liability, and his total


recovery


is


limited


to


the


amount


paid


by


him


in


excess


of


his


pro


rata


share.


No


tortfeasor


is


compelled


to


make


contribution


beyond


his


own


pro


rata


share


of the entire liability.

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