全新版 大学英语 第二版 综合教程 1 翻译 答案 Unit 7

Unit 7

Text A

翻译

（黑体字是课后填空题）

What Animals Really Think

动物到底想些什么

Eugene Linden

尤金·林登

1 Over the years, I have written extensively about animal- intelligence experiments and the

controversy

that

surrounds

them.

Do

animals

really

have

thoughts,

what

we

call

consciousness

?

Wondering

whether

there might be better ways to

explore

animal intelligence than

experiments designed to teach human signs,

I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinking when it

serves their own purposes

, not when scientists ask them to.

多年来，

我写了大量关于动物智能实验、

以 及围绕这些实验所产生的争议的文章。

动物真的有思想，

即我们 所说的意识吗？在考虑是否会有比设计教动物人类手势语的实验更好的方式探索动物智能时，我悟

出了现在看来是显而易见的一点：如果动物能思维，它们会在能为自己所用的时候，而不是在科学家让它

们思维的时候作出最佳思维。

2 And so I started talking to vets, animal researchers, zoo keepers. Most do not study animal intelligence,

but they

encounter

it, and the

lack of it

, every day. The stories they tell us reveal what I'm

convinced

is a

new window on animal intelligence: the kind of

mental

feats

animals perform when dealing with captivity

and the dominant species on the planet

—

humans

.

于是我开始与兽医、动物研究人员 以及动物园饲养员交谈。他们大都不研究动物智能，但他们每天

都碰到或碰不到动物智能 。他们讲述的故事开启了我相信是研究动物智能的一扇新的窗口：即动物在对付

樊笼生活 和地球上的主宰物种

——

人类

——

时所表现的高超的思维技能。

Let

’

s Make a Deal

3 Consider the time Charlene Jendry, a conservationist at the Columbus Zoo, learned that a female gorilla named

Colo was handling a suspicious object. Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts,

only to be met

with a blank stare. Realizing they were negotiating, Jendry raised the stakes and offered a piece of pineapple. At

this point, while maintaining eye contact, Colo opened her hand and revealed a key chain.

让我们做笔交易

请考虑这一情况：哥 伦布动物园的一位动物保护主义者查伦·延德里觉察到一头叫做科洛的雌性大猩猩在

玩弄 一件可疑的物品。延德里走过去，给了科洛一些花生，却被翻了个白眼。意识到这是在讨价还价，延

德里加大了筹码，又给了一片菠萝。这时候，科洛一边望着延德里，一边摊开手，露出了一根钥匙链。

4 Relieved it was not anything dangerous or valuable, Jendry gave Colo the pineapple.

Careful bargainer that

she was, Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring, why give her the whole thing if I

can get a bit of pineapple for each piece?

见不是危险或珍贵物品，延德里松了一口气，把菠萝给了考勒。科洛真是个精明的还价者，它 把钥

匙链拉断，给了延德里一段，或许在算计着，要是每一小段都能换片菠萝，我干嘛要 全都给她？

5

If

an

animal

can

show

skill

in

trading

one

thing

for

another,

why

not

in

handling

money?

One

orangutan

named Chantek did just that in a sign-language study undertaken by anthropologist Lyn Miles at the University of

Tennessee. Chantek figured out that if he did tasks like cleaning his room, he'd earn coins to spend on treats and

rides

in

Miles's

car.

But

the

orangutan's

understanding

of

money

seemed

to

extend

far

beyond

simple

dealings.

Miles first used plastic chips as coins, but Chantek decided he could expand the money supply by breaking chips

in two. When Miles switched to metal chips, Chantek found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies.

如果动物能在以物换物中显示技能，又何尝不会在使用钱币中 再露一手？在田纳西大学人类学家

琳·迈尔斯进行的一项手势语研究中，有头名叫夏特克 的猩猩就这么做了。夏特克悟出，如果它干些诸如

清理房间的事，他就能挣些硬币，好用 来买好吃的，还可以坐迈尔斯的车外出兜风。但这头猩猩对钱币的

理解似乎远远超出了简 单的交易。迈尔斯一开始用塑料片充当硬币，而夏特克竟认定，它可以把塑料片拗

成两片 ，以此扩大钱币供应量。而当迈尔斯改用金属片时，夏特克找到了一些锡箔，试图复制。

6 Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. Indeed, when I caught up

with the orangutan at Zoo Atlanta, where he now lives, I saw an example of sharing that anyone might envy. When

Miles gave Chantek some grapes and asked him to share them, Chantek promptly ate all the fruit. Then, as if he'd

just remembered he'd been asked to share, he handed Miles the stem.

迈尔斯还试图教会夏特克一些好习 惯，诸如节俭和与人分享。当我在它目前居住的亚特兰大动物园

见到这头猩猩时，我果然 见到它与人分享的一例，足以令任何人羡慕。迈尔斯给了夏特克一些葡萄，要求

它与人分 享，它很快吃完了所有的葡萄。随后，它似乎是想起了迈尔斯要它与人分享，便把梗儿递给了迈

< br>尔斯。

Tale of a Whale

7 Why

would an animal want to cooperate with a human? Behaviorists would say that animals cooperate when

they learn it is in their interest to do so.

This is true, but I don't think it goes far enough.

鲸鱼的故事

动物为什么会愿意与人合 作？行为主义者会说，动物认识到合作于己有利时就会这么做。这没有错，但我

觉得这一 解释尚不充分。

8 Gail Laule, a consultant on animal behavior, speaks of Orky, a killer whale, she knew.

worked with, he was the most intelligent,

the judgments he made.

动物行 为顾问盖尔·

劳尔说起过她了解的一头虎鲸奥基。

“在我照管过 的动物当中，它是最聪明的，

”

她说，

“它会审时度势，再根据自己的判断采取行动。

”

9

Like the time he helped save a family member. When Orky's mate, Corky, gave birth, the baby did not thrive

at first, and keepers took the little whale out of the tank by stretcher for emergency care. Things began to go wrong

when they returned the baby whale to the tank. As the workers halted the stretcher a few meters above the water,

the baby suddenly began throwing up through its mouth. The keepers feared it would choke, but they could not

reach the baby to help it.

比如有次它救了一个家族成员。奥 基的配偶科基生幼鲸时，那条幼鲸一开始情况不妙，饲养员把幼

鲸用担架抬出水糟，实施 紧急护理。他们把幼鲸送回水槽时，出了事情。当工人把担架停在高出水面几英

尺处的时 候，幼鲸开始呕吐。饲养员担心它会窒息，但他们无法接近幼鲸提供帮助。

10 Apparently sizing up the problem, Orky swam under the stretcher and allowed one of the men to stand on his

head, something he'd never been trained to do. Then, using his tail to keep steady, Orky let the keeper reach up and

release the 420-pound baby so that it could slide into the water within reach of help.

奥基显然看出了问题，它游到担架 下，让其中一人站在它头上。这种事从来没有训练它做过。然后，

奥基用尾部保持平衡， 让饲养员接近，并松开了那条

420

磅重的幼鲸，以便让它滑入 水中，获得帮助。

Primate

Shell Game

11 Sometimes evidence of intelligence can be seen in attempts to deceive. Zoo keeper Helen Shewman of Seattle's

Woodland Park Zoo recalls that one day she dropped an orange through a feeding hole for Melati, an orangutan.

Instead of moving away to get it,

Melati looked Shewman in the eye and held out her hand. Thinking the orange

must

have

rolled

off

somewhere

inaccessible,

Shewman

gave

her

another

one.

But

when

Melati

moved

off,

Shewman noticed the original orange was hidden in her other hand.

灵长目动物的骗术