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译林小学英语
1-6
年级英语知识点大搜集大汇
总
1
、现在进行时
表示:正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与
now,
listen, look
等词连用
结构:主语
+be
动词
(am,
is, are)+
动词
ing.
如:
It is raining now.
外面正在下雨
It is six
o
’
clock now.
现在
6
点了
My parents are reading newspapers in
the sitting room.
我父母正在客厅看报纸
Look! The children are having a running
race now.
看!孩子们正在赛跑
< br>问句将
be
动词移前,否定句在
be
动词后
+not.
2
、一般现在时
表示:经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与
often,
usually, sometimes, always, every
day(week year
…
)
on Sundays
等词连用。
结
构:主语
+
动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即
he,
she,
it,
Tom,
my
mother,
the
boy
等词时,动词后加
p>
s
或
es.
如:
We have an English lesson
every day.
我们每天都要上英语课
Do the boys run faster than the girls?
Yes, they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的
问句借助于
do, does
否定句借
助于
don
’
t, doesn
’
t
,后面动词一定要还原。
3
、一般过去时
表示:发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与
just
now; a moment ago;
…
ago;
yesterday; last ( week; month; year;
Monday; weekend); this
morning
等词连用。
结构:主
语
+be
动词的过去式(
was; w
ere
)或主语
+
动词的过去式。
p>
注意:
be
动词
与动词过去式不可同时使用。
如:
My earphones were on the
ground just now.
我的耳机刚刚还在呢。
Where were you last week? I was at a
camp.
你上个星期去哪了?我去野营了
What did you do yesterday? I visited a
farm
你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。
问句有
be
动词将
be
p>
动词移前,没有
be
动词借助于
did
,后面动词还原;
否定句有
be
动词在后面加
not<
/p>
,没有借助于
didn't
后面动词还原
。
4
、一般将来时
表示:
将要打算发生的事情或动作,
常与
< br>tomorrow,
next
week(year;
Tuesday
…
),
this
week( weekend evening;
afternoon;
…
)today
等词连用。
结构:主语
+be(am, is, are) going
to +
动原或主语
+will
+
动原。
如:
What are you going to do
tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.
你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。
The children are going to have a sports
meeting next week.
孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。
Tom will/is going to see a play with
his father this evening.
Tom
今晚将和父母去看演出。
p>
问句将
be
动词或
will
移前;否定句在
be
动词或<
/p>
will
后加
not.
5
、情态动词
can; can
’
t;
should; shouldn
’
t; must;
may
后一定加动词原形。
如:
The girl
can
’
t swim, but he can
skate.
女孩不会游泳,但是会滑冰
Don
’
t talk in
class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。
6
、祈使句
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以
don
’
t
加动词原形开头。
如:
Open the box for me
,please.
请为我打开盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier
tomorrow.
刘涛,明天请早点起床!
Don
’
t walk on the
grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen! Don
’
t
climb the tree,
please.
海伦!不要爬树。
7
、
go
的用法
去干嘛用
go
+
动词
ing
如
: go swimming; go fishing;
go skating; go camping; go running;
go skiing; go rowing
…
8
、比较
than
前用比较级;
as
…
as
之间用原级。
如:
My mother is two years
younger than my father.
我妈比我爸年轻两岁。
Liu
Tao jumps as far as Ben.
刘涛跳得和本一样远。
9
、喜欢做某事
用
like+
动词
ing
或
like+ to +
动原。
如:
Su Yang likes growing
flowers.
苏阳喜欢种花。
The children like to play with lanterns
at Spring Festival.
孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。
10
、想要做某事
用
would like
+to+
动原或
want + to
+
动原。
例:
I
’
d
like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit
the History Museum
11
、
some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为
any,
但当表示委
婉语气时仍用
如:
Can I
have some writing paper? Would you like some
orange juice?
12
、代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是
I
you he she it we you
they
。
宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后
如:
Open them for me. Let us
…
, join
me
等。
宾格分别是
me you him her it us
you them
。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是
my
your his her its our your
their
名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是
m
ine
yours his hers its ours yours
theirs
。
13
、介词
介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词
ing
形式
如:
begood at running;
do well in jumping;
14
、时间介词
季节前,月份前用介词
in
如:
in
summer
;
in March
具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词
on
如:
on Saturday; on the second
of April; on Wednesday morning
在几点钟前用介词
at
如:
at a quarter
to four;
只在上下午晚上用
in
如:
in the morning/ afternoon/
evening;
但在夜间用
at
night
。
另:季节,月份和星期前不好加
the.
15
、名词复数构成的方法
有规则的有:
(1)
直接在名词后加
s
如
orange
—
ora
nges; photo
—
photos;
(2)
以
x, s, sh, ch
结尾的加
es
如:
< br>box
—
boxes;
glass
—
glasses;
waitress
—
waitresses;
watch
—
watches;
peach--peaches
(3)
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的改
y
为
i
加
es
如:
study
—
s
tudies
;
library
—
p>
libraries;
hobby
—
hobbies;
family
—
families;
(4)
以
f,
fe
结尾的改
f, fe
为
v
+
es
如:
knife
—
knives; thief
p>
—
thieves
(注
:
以
o
结尾的我们学过的只有
p>
mango
加
es, mango
—
mangoes
其余加
s,
)
不规则的有:
man
—
men;
woman
—
women;
people
—
people;
child
—
children
16
、动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)
直接在动词后加
s
如:
run
—
runs;
dance
—
dances
(2)<
/p>
以
s,sh,ch,o
结尾的加
es
如:
do
—
p>
does; go
—
goes;
wash
—
washes;
catch
—
catches
(3)
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的改
y
为
i
加
< br>es
如:
study
—
studies;
carry
—
carries;
17
、现在分词的构成
(1)
直接在动词后加
ing
如:
sing
—
si
nging; ski
—
skiing;
(2)
双写词尾加
ing
如:
swim
—
swim
ming; jog
—
jogging;
run
—
running;