国际贸易专有名词及翻译

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distribution

2. comparative advantage

3. absolute advantage.

4 cost advantage

5 market share

6 economies of scale

7 labor /capital /tech/resource

intensive economy

8 supplying /demanding country

1.

2.

比较优势

3

绝对优势

4.

成本优势

5.

市场份额

6

规模经济

7

劳动

/

资金

/

技术

/

资源密集型经济

8

供给

/

需求国

9.

Foreign/local currency

10.

Exchange rate

11.

Target market

license

14. Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade

9.

外

/

本币

10.

汇率

11.

目标市场

12.

出口许可证

13.

定量、配额

14:

（进、出口、过境）贸易

reference

ity inspection

s

clearance

/indirect/ Entrepot trade

ational/Domestic trade

license

15.

资信证明

16.

商检

17.

清关、结关

18.

直接、间接、

转口贸易

19.

国际、国内贸易

20

出口许可证

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l/Special

trade

/ Indirect trade

of good: Visible/ Invisible

Goods trade

24.

：

settlement instrument

：

Barter/ free-liquidation trade

21.

一般贸易

/

特殊贸易

22.

直接

/

间接贸易

23.

有形、无形产品贸易

24.

易货、自由结算贸易

mate’s receipt

收货单、大副收据

shipping note

装货通知单

the bill of lading

提单

shipping advice

发货通知书

1.

consumer durables

2.

quote a price

3.

cross-border transactions

4.

customary practice

5.

loading fee

6.

dividing line

7.

actual delivery

1.

耐用消费品

2.

报价

3.

跨境（国界）交易

4.

惯例

5.

装载费

6.

分界线

7.

实际交货

１０．

arrival contract

11.

Customs clearance

12.

Customs formalities

13.

delivery

14.

inspection

15.

Means of transport

１０

.

到达合同

1

１

.

清关、结关

1

２

.

报关手续

1

３

.

交货

1

４

.

检验

1

５

.

运输工具

of transport

17.

Shipment contract

18.

Symbolic delivery

19.

Transfer of risks

16.

运输方式

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１７．装运合同

19.

象征交货

20.

风险转移

1: INCOTERMS 2010

(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)

2:ICC

3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)

4: QC

1.2010

年国际贸易术语

(

通则）

2.

国际商会

3.

美国对外贸易定义修正本

4.

质量控制、质量管理

1.

EXW (EX works)

工厂交货

2.

FCA (Free Carrier)

货交承运人

3.

CPT (Carriage Paid To)

运费付至

4.

CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to)

运费、保险费付至

5.

DAT (Delivered At Terminal)

运输终端交货

6.

DAP (Delivered At Place)

目的地交货

7.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)

完税后交货

8.

FAS (Free Along Side)

船边交货

9.

FOB (Free On Board)

船上交货

10.

CFR (Cost and Freight)

成本加运费

11.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)

成本、保险加运费

?

1

：

FOB liner terms (FOB

班轮条件

) :

?

buyer for all

?

2

：

FOB under tackl e

（

FOB

吊钩下交货）

:

?

buyer pays from the moment goods under the

tackle

?

3

：

FOB

–

stowed

（

FOB

包括理舱费）

:

?

seller loading and stowing

?

4

：

FOB Trimmed

（

FOB

包括平舱费）

: seller loading

、

trimming

?

5

：

FOB stowed and trimmed

（

FOB

包括理、平 舱费

?

seller loading stowing and trimming

1

、

firm offers

2

、

offeror

3

、

offeree

4

、

terminate

5.

acceptance

6

Counter- offer

7

.

enquiry

8.

irrevocable offer

9

withdraw of an offer

1.

实盘

2.

发盘方（人）

3.

受盘方（人）

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4.

终止

5.

接受

6.

还盘

7.

询价

8.

不可撤销发盘

9.

撤回发盘

9 Validity period

10

quotation of an offer

11

Quote

12

CISG

（

United

Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)

９

有效期

10

报盘

12

国际货物销售合同公约

形式发票（

Proforma Invoice

）

报价单（

Quotation

）

订单

(Order)

Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.

报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费

?

执事先生：

?

?

从澳大 利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。

?

由于本 地市场对羊毛材料的需求一直在增长，

因此我公司愿在本地区成为第一个销

售这种产品的公司。

?

请邮寄贵方目录本、

价目表以及能提 供的各种样品，

同时也请告知贵公司与其它公

司做贸易所采用的 付款方式。

?

盼速复。

?

谨启

?

Dear Sirs,

?

We learn with pleasure from the Australian Embassy in Beijing that you are producing for

export wool sweater .

?

There

is

a

steady

demand here

for

high-class

goods

of

this

type, especially

in

brighter

colors.

?

We would appreciate receiving your catalogue and full details of your export prices and

terms of payment, together with any samples you can let us have.

?

?

?

?

We look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

敬启者：

贵方九月五日关于羊毛材料的询盘已收悉。

应要求，

我方已另航 邮去带有图解的说

明书，价目表及样品本。

?

有关付 款方式，我们贸易的一贯做法是采用保兑的不可撤销的信用证。

?

由于质 地优良，

价格合理，

我们的羊毛材料多年来在世界市场享有盛誉 。

我们相信

我们的产品一定会帮助你们扩大市场销路。

?

盼早复。

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谨启

Dear Sirs:

Thank

you

for your

inquiry

of

Sept.

5

on wool

material

As

requested,

we have

already

sent you the illustrated brochures, price list and sample by airmail.

?

Concerning

the

terms

of

payment

,

our

usual

practice

is

confirmed

，

irrevocable

letter of credit

（

L/C).

Over

the

years,

our

wool

material

has

the

high

reputation

of

good

quality

and

reasonable

prices

in

the

world

market.

We

believe

that

our

products

will

help

you

to

expand market

.

We look forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully,

?

Four components in a standard format of a price:

?

A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY

, EUR, GBP(

货币代码）

?

A number indicating

（表示）

the price unit

?

A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set

?

A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF

?

Examples:

?

USD225.30/piece CIF New York

?

FOB Guangzhou EUR12.80/set

?

Cost of production

（生产成本）

?

Direct cost

（直接成本）

: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs,

packing costs, etc.

?

Administrative costs: overhead

经常费用

?

Cost of sales

?

Marketing

costs:

advertising,

sales

trip

expenses,

commissions

，

intermediary services

?

Cost of delivery

?

Warehousing

and

transporting

charge,

insurance

premium

保险费

,

taxes

税收

and tariffs

征收关税

, customs duties

（进口税）

?

Anticipated profit margin

（预期利润率）

?

in an absolute number

?

in a percentage

→

profit margin

?

Capability of target market

（目标市场潜力）

?

Referring

to

the

consumption

power

（消费能力）

,

income

level,

supply

and

demand

relationship

需求关系

T he

higher

the

capital

income

of

the

target

market, the higher the price

?

Payment terms

（付款条件）

?

The lower the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment

?

Other factors to be considered

?

foreign exchange rates

?

international market price for similar products

policies and regulations

规章制度

in a particular

?

If FOB price is available

–

CFR = FOB + Ocean Freight

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?

?

?

Ocean freight

（海洋运费）

–

Provided by shipping lines

（航运公司）

–

Quoted as packaged price

（组合价格）

–

Others like

“

additionals

”

and

“

surchar ges

”

（附加费）

–

CIF If FOB price is available = FOB + Ocean Freight + Insurance Premium

If CFR price is available

–

CIF = CFR + Insurance Premium

Calculation of Insurance Premium (I)

–

Based on contract value/invoice value +

–

A markup

（上浮，

涨价幅度）

(normally 10%) to cover incidental costs

（杂费）

–

Formula: I = CIF x (1+10%) x Premium Rate (R)

（保险费率）

Therefore

–

CIF = CFR + CIF x (1+10%) x Premium Rate (R)

or

–

CIF = CFR / (1

–

110% x R)

Conversion of FOB to other prices

CFR = FOB + F

–

CIF = (FOB + F) / [1

–

(1+markup) x R]

Conversion of CFR to other prices

–

FOB = CFR

–

F

–

CIF = CFR / [1

–

(1+markup) x R]

Conversion of CIF to other prices

–

FOB = CIF x [1

–

(1+markup) x R]

–

F

–

CFR = CIF x [1

–

(1+markup) x R]

Net price

（净价，实价）

= basic costs + profit

Commission

–

An

incentive

payment

made

to

the

middlepersons

for

their

intermediary

services

–

Expressed in a fixed figure or in a percentage

–

Examples

?

CFR London GBP100 per doz, including 2% commission

?

USD200 per M/T CIFC2% London

?

CIFC3 Hamburg USD100/set

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Two ways of calculating

计算

commission

–

based on invoice/contract value

?

C = contract value x C rate

–

based on FOB or FCA:

?

Under

such

terms

as

CFR,

CIF,

C

is

calculated

before

F

（

freight)

and

I( insurance) are deducted

?

Formula:

–

C = price including C (FOB/FCA) x C rate

–

Net price = price including C (FOB/FCA)

–

C

= price including C x (1- C rate)

–

Price including C (FOB/FCA) = net price / (1-C rate)

–

a

llocation cost

分摊成本

?

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–

fixed cost

固定成本

–

overhead

管理经费

–

insurance premium

保险费

–

tariff

关税

–

outlet

甩卖< /p>

,

工厂清仓

–

Factory price

出厂价

–

Consumption power

消费能力

–

Per capita income

个人平均收入

–

segment

市场细分

–

Production cost

生产成本

–

Marketing strategy

营销策略

–

Sales cost

销售成本

–

Delivery cost

运送成本

–

Financing cost

融资成本

–

anticipated profit

预期利润

–

terms of payment

付款方式

–

cost-plus pricing

成本加成定价法

–

marginal cost pricing

边际成本定价法

–

buyer based

pricing

买方价值定价法

competition based pricing

竞争定价法

export profit margin28

出口盈亏率

export cost for foreign exchang

出口换汇成本

?

break-even point

盈亏平衡点

?

Local currency

本币

?

markup

加价，上浮

?

Face value

票面值，表面价值

?

premium rate

保险率

?

net price

净价

?

commission

佣金

?

discount

折扣

?

Exchange rate

汇率

?

Final price

最终价格

?

total price

总价

?

unfixed price

非固定价

?

money of account

计价货币

?

initial pric

最初价格

?

Money of payment

支付货币

?

Unit price

单价

?

Price adjustment clause

价格调整条款

?

Price including commission

含佣价

?

rebate

减免、退款

?

wage index

工资指数

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?

出现下列一类的词句者，皆为虚盘

:

?

- Without engagement.

不负任何责任。

?

- Subject to prior sale.

有权先售。

?

- All quotations are subject to our final confirmation unless otherwise stated.

?

所作报价，除特别注明外，须经我方确认后方能生效。

- Our offer is subject to approval of export license.

出口许可证准许签证，

我方报价才有效

卖方发盘，或称“售货发盘”

(Selling Offer)

买方发盘，或称“购货发盘”

(Buying Offer)< /p>

，习称“递盘”

（

Bid

）

?

offer

报盘，报价

?

to offer for

对

...

报价

?

to make an offer for

对

...

报盘（报价）

?

firm offer

实盘

?

non-firm offer

虚盘

?

to forward an offer (or to send an offer)

寄送报盘

to get an offer(or to obtain an offer)

获得

...

报盘

?

to cable an offer (or to telegraph an offer)

电报（进行）报价

?

offer and acceptance by post

通过邮政报价及接受

?

to accept an offer

接受报盘

?

to entertain an offer

考虑报盘

?

to give an offer

给

...

报盘

?

to submit an offer

提交报盘

official offer

正式报价（报盘）

?

指示性价格

price indication

?

速复

reply immediately

?

参考价

reference price

?

习惯做法

usual practice

?

交易磋商

business negotiation

?

不受约束

without engagement

?

业务洽谈

business discussion

?

限

**

复

subject to reply **

?

限

* *

复到

subject to reply reaching here **

有效期限

time of validity

?

有效至

**: valid till **

?

购货合同

purchase contract

?

销售合同

sales contract

?

购货确认书

purchase confirmation

?

销售确认书

sales confirmation

?

一般交易条件

general terms and conditions

?

以未售出为准

subject to prior sale

?

需经卖方确认

subject to seller's confirmation

?

需经我方最后确认

subject to our final confirmation

?

凭规格买卖

sale by specification

?

凭等级买卖

sale by grade

?

凭标准买卖

sale by standard

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?

凭说明书买卖

sale by illustration

?

凭品牌或商标买卖

sale by brand or trade mark

?

凭产地名称买卖

sale by name of origin

?

凭说明书和图样买卖

sale by description and illustration

?

F.A.Q.

（

fair average quality

）良好平均品质

?

G.M.Q.

（

good merchantable quality

）上好可销品质。

合同中的品质条款

?

（一）基本内容（见例）

?

1

、

Sample No.612 Cloth Doll

?

2

、

White Rice

，

Long- Shaped

，

?

Broken Grains

（

max.

）

25%

?

Admixture

（

max.

）

0.25%

?

Moisture

（

max.

）

15%

?

3

、

T101 MAXAM Dental Cream

?

Quality

as

per

sample

No.123

and

technical

feature

indicated

in

the

illustrations

submitted by seller.

?

?

?

?

?

?

品质以卖方提供的第

123

号样品和说明书的技术标准为准。

5

、

Quality and technical data as per Seller

‘

s catalogue page 123 and line 16.

品质和技术数据以卖方提供的样本第

123

页第

16

行为准。

、

Quality

and

technical

data

to

be

in

conformity

with

the

attached

technical

agreement which forms an integral part of this contract.

品质和技术数据符合本合同所附技术协议书。

机动幅度（

Quality lat itude

）

：规定范围（

38/39

“）

规定极限（

max.

min.

）

规定上下差异（

2% more or less

）

品质公差（

Quality tolerance)

：国际、行业公认、合同规定

品质的增减价条款：

含油量

每 ±

1%

，合同价格±

1.5%

常用计量单位：

千克（

Kilogram, kg.

）

吨（

ton, t

）

公吨（

metric ton,

m/t

）

长吨（

long ton,

1/t

）

短吨（

short ton

，

s/t

）

公担（

quintal.

q.

）

克（

gram, gm.

）

磅（

pound,

lb.

）

盎司（

ounce,

oz

）

克拉（

carat,

car

）

适 用货物：

一般天然产品，

以及部分工业制成品。

如，

羊毛、

棉花、

谷物、

矿产品、

油类、沙盐、药品等。

码（

yard, yd.

）

米（

meter, m.

）

英尺（

foot,

ft

）

?

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