英语国家概况练习题

《英语国家概况》英国部分练习题（

1-2

章）

第一章

Land and People

考题

I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts

：

1. The British Isles are made up of________

A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones

B. two large islands and Northern Ireland

C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones

D. three large islands and Northern Ireland

2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.

They are_______

A. Britain

，

Scotland and Wales

B. England

，

Scotland and Wales

C. Britain

，

Scotland and Ireland

D. England

，

Scotland and Ireland

3. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent

countries______

A. that have a large number of British immigrants

B. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars

C. that speak English as their native language

D. that were once colonies of Britain

4.

About a hundred years ago

，

as a result of imperialist expansion

，

Britain

ruled

an

empire

that

had

one

fourth

of

the

world's

people

and

______of the world's land area.

A. one third B. one fifth C. one fourth D. two fifths

答案

：

选择

：

1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

2. 1949

，

Dublin

简答

are the differences between Britain and the British Isles

，

Great Britain

，

England

，

the United Kingdom and the British

Commonwealth

？

The

British

Isles

，

Great

Britain

and

England

are

geographical

names

，

no

the

official

names

of

the

country

，

while

the

official

name

is

the

United

Kingdom

，

but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of

independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.

2. Describe the geographical position of Britain

？

Britain

is

an

island

country.

It

lies

in

the

North

Atlantic

Ocean

off

the

north

coast

of

Europe.

It

is

separated

from

the

rest

of

Europe

by

the

English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.

bouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland

？

The north and west of Britain are mainly highland

，

while the south

and south-east are mostly lowlands.

4. Does Britain have a favorable climate

？

Why

？

Yes

，

it

has

a

favorable

climate

，

because

it

has

a

maritime

type

of

climate

——

winters

are

mild

，

not

too

cold

and

summers

are

cool

，

not

too

hot. It

has a steady reliable rainfall

throughout the whole

year. It has

a small range of temperature

，

too.

5. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain

？

Which

part

of

Britain

has

the

most

rainfall

and

which

part

is

the

driest

？

The

factors

which

influence

the

climate

in

Britain

are

the

following

three

：

1

）

The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences

；

2

）

The

prevailing

south-west

winds

bring

warm

and

wet

air

in

winter

and keep the temperatures moderate

；

3

）

The North Atlantic Drift

，

a warm current

，

passes the western

coast of the British Isles and warms them.

The

northwestern

part

has

the

most

rainfall

，

while

the

south-eastern

corner is the driest.

6. Describe the distribution of Britain's population.

Britain

has

a

population

of

57

million.

It

is

densely

populated

，

with

an average of 237people per square kilometer. It is also very unevenly

distributed

，

with

90%of

the

population

in

urban

areas

，

10%

in

rural

areas.

Geographically

，

most

British

people

live

in

England.

Of

the

total

of

57

million people

，

47 million live in England

；

14 million live in London

and Southeastern England.

7. What are the three natural zones in Scotland

？

The

three

natural

zones

in

Scotland

are

：

the

Highlands

in

the

north

，

the central Lowlands

，

and the southern Uplands.

8. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and

Scots

，

Welsh and Irish

？

The

ancestors

of

the

English

are

Anglo- Saxons

，

while

the

Scots

，

Welsh

and rash are Celts.

9.

What

are

the

differences

in

character

and

speech

between

southern

England and northern

England

？

How do

the Welsh keep their language and

culture alive

？

The

Welsh

are

emotional

and

cheerful

people.

The

Scots

are

hospitable

，

generous and friendly. Irish are known for their charm and vivacity as

well

as

for

the

beauty

of

their

Irish

girls.

Throughout

the

year

they

have

festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. On these

occasions

competitions

are

held

in

Welsh

poetry

，

music

，

singing

and

art

and in this way they keep the Welsh language and Welsh culture alive.

10. What is the main problem in Northern Ireland

？

Hundreds

of

years

ago

Scots

and

English

Protestants

were

sent

to

live

in Northern Ireland. Since then there has been bitter fighting between

the Protestants and the Roman Catholics. The former are the dominant

group

，

while

the

latter

are

seeking

more

social

，

political

and

economic

opportunities. The British Government and the government of Ireland are

now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland.

Arrival and settlement of the Celts

Basis of modern English race

：

the Anglo- Saxons

The Viking and Danish invasions

King Alfred and his contributions

The Norman Conquest and its consequences

1 The earliest invasion of England is that by _____.

A. the Iberian B. the Danes C. the Celts D. the Anglo-Saxons

2 the Celts religion was _____.

A. Christianity B. Druidism C. Norman belief D. Roman Catholic

3 the Anglo-Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain.

A. Christian B. Druid C. Roman Catholic D. Teutonic

4

The

Anglo- Saxons

established

_____

system

，

whereby

the

lord

of

the

manor

collected taxes and organized the local army.

A. salve B. feudal C. manorial

（采邑制度）

D. Capitalistic

5. The Anglo-Saxons created the _____ to advise the king

，

the basis of

the Privy Council.

A. Synod B. Witan

（议会）

C. Whit by D. Shirt court

6. ______ was known as “the father of the British navy”。

A. Edward B. Balfe C. Canute D. Harold I

7. Christmas Day _____

，

Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.

A. 1056 B. 1066 C.1006 D. 1060

8. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe

，

now _____.

A.

France

，

Belgium

and

Spain

，

Spain

and southern Italy

C.

France

，

Belgium

and

southern

Germany

D.

France

，

Spain

and

southern

Germany

9.

By

the

middle

of

the

ninth

century

，

_____

posed

a

threat

to

the

Saxon

kingdom of Essex.

A. the Vikings and the Danes B. the Vikings and the Jutes

C. the Jutes and the Danes

D .the Danes and the Vikings

（是

不是和

A

一样呀？）

10.

The

battle

of

Hastings

witnessed

the

death

of

____

in

October

，

1066.

A. Edward B. Testing C. Harold D. Harridan

11. In 597

，

____ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury.

A. Agricola B. Constantine C. St. Augustine D. Gregory I

12. The Saxons were originally from _____.

A. northern Holland rn Germany C. south Norway D. south

Germany

13. The Celts began to arrive about ____BC and kept coming until the

arrival of the Roman.

A.400 B. 500 C.600 D.700

Celts came to Britain in ______main waves.

A two Bothered C four D five

15. _____laid the foundations of English state.

A Celts B the Anglo-Saxons C the Romans D the Normans

16. Alfred the Great was the King of ______.

A Sussex B Essex C Essex D Mercia

17. On the Christmas Day of 1066

，

________was crowned king of England.

A. Edward B Harold C Edgar D William

18. When Edward

，

the Confessor died

，

the Witan chose ______as English

King.

A Duke William B Edith C Harold D Testing

19. Of the following four kings

，

______ died most tragically.

A King Edward B King Egbert C King Harold D King Alfred

20.

In

1066

Harold

and

his

troops

fought

against

William's

army

on

Senlac

field near _______.

A London B Normandy C Stanford D Hastings

21. From which of the following languages was the suffix-caster

or-orchestra in English place names borrowed

？

A Danish B Welsh C Latin D German

22. The Witan

，

the basis of the Privy Council was created by_______.

A the Celts B the Anglo-Saxons C the Normans D the Romans

答案

：

选择

1c. 2B. 3D. 4C. 5B 6B. 7B 8 C 9 A 10 C

11 C 12 B 13D 14B 15B 16C 17D 18C 19C 20D 21C 22B

简答

1 How did the Celts invade Britain

？

The Celts invaded Britain in three waves

：

the Gaels

，

the Brythons

and the Belgae.

2 How did the Anglo-Saxons invade England

？

The

Anglo-Saxons

invaded

into

Britain

in

three

waves

：

Jutes

，

Saxon

and Anglos.

3 Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century

？

By the end of the 8th century

，

the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes

Denmark began to invade England.

4 What is the significance of the Norman Conquest

？

The Norman Conquest ended the English history of being invaded.

5 Who formally brought Christianity to Britain

？

And when

？

Christianity was brought to Britain by ine in 597.

名词解释

1. Heptarch

I t is a collective

name for the

seven Anglo- Saxon

kingdoms from the

7th century to the 9th century. They are Kent

，

Essex

，

Sussex

，

Essex

，

East

Anglia

，

Mercia

and

North

Umbria.

After

the

9th

century

，

the

seven

kingdoms were conquered one after another by the invading Danes.

2. Alfred the Great

He

was

king

of

Essex

，

one

of

the

seven

Anglo-Saxon

kingdoms.

It

was

he who led the Anglo-Saxons to fight against the invading Danes and

maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at

wartime

，

but

also

a

wise

king

at

peacetime.

He

encouraged

education

and

introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British

navy.”

3. William the conqueror

He

was

also

known

as

William

，

Duke

of

Normandy

In

1066

，

he

led

the

Normans to cross the English Channel and conquered England .He became

William

the

First.

His

reign

marked

the

beginning

of

the

full

feudal

system

in England

《英语国家概况》英国部分小型习题

第

3

章（上、

下）

(2009-10-15 17:01:57)

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标签：

杂谈

第三章

Shaping of the Nation

（练习题上）

the right answer

1.

Under

William's

rule

，

the

——

were

at

the

bottom

of

the

feudal

system.

A. barons B. freemen C. villains D. lawyers

2. William replaced the Witan

，

the council of the Anglo-Saxon king

，

with

——

A. the Grand Council B. the House of Lords C. the House of Corranons

D. Parliament

3. William II was known as William

——

because of his red complexion.

A. Rufus B. the Conqueror C. the Confessor D. the Unready

4. Henry II was the first king of the

——

dynasty.

A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet

5. In Henry II ' s reign

，

a

——

law was gradually established in place

of the customs of the manor.

A. local B. private C. civil D. common

6.

The

Great

Council

of

Henry

II

drew

up

the

Constitutions

of

——

in

1164

to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.

A. Labourers B. Clarendon C. Oxford D. Cambridge

7. The Great Charter was signed in and had

——

clauses.

A.1251

，

63 B.1251

，

73 C.1215

，

63 D.1215

，

73

8. In 1265

——

summoned the Great Council

，

which has been seen as the

earliest parliament.

A. Henry Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort

9.

The

Hundred

Years'

war

started

in

——

and

was

ended

in

，

in

which

the

English had lost all the territories of France except the French port

of

——

，

A .1337

，

1453

，

Flanders B .1337

，

1453

，

Calais

C.1346

，

1453

，

Argencourt D.1346

，

1453

，

Brest

10.

In

1351

，

the

English

government

issued

a

Statute

of

——

，

which

made

it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .

A. Oxford B. Clarendon C. Labourers D. Magna Carta

II Fill in the blanks

1. Under William

，

the

system in England was completely

established.

2.

william

replaced

the

，

the

council

of

the

Anglo- Saxon

kings

，

with the

of his new tenants-in-chief.

3.

The

property

record

in

William's

time

is

known

as

，

which

was compiled in

4.

was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.

5. In Henry II ' s day

，

the country was divided

into

circuits

，

and the

system replaced

old

ordeals by fire and water and old trials by battle.

6.

' s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond

chaucer' s time after he was murdered.

7. In 1215

，

the baron's charter

，

known

as

or

was approved

，

which

contained

clauses.

8.

In

the

Hundred

Years'

war

，

the

French

heroine

led

the French to drive the English out of their country. By 1453

，

was the

only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.

9.

was the deadly bubonic plague

，

which reduced

England's

population

from

four

million

to

million

by

the

end

of

the

14th

century.

10.

One

of

the

consequences

of

the

Uprising

of

1381

was

the

emergence

of a new class of

farmers.

Answers

：

1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.C

II

1. feudal 2. Witan

，

Grand Council

3 . Domesday Book

，

1086 4. Henry II

5. six

，

jury

，

English

，

Norman 6. Thomas Becket

7. Mangna Carta

，

the Great Charter

，

63

8. Joan of Arc

，

Calais 9. Black Death

，

two

10. yeomen

III

ay Book

It is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of

King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record.

It

was

the

result

of

a

general

survey

of

England.

It

recorded

the

extent

，

value

，

state of cultivation

，

and ownership of the land. It was one of

the

important

measures

adopted

by

William

I

to

establish

the

full

feudal

system in England. Today

，

it is kept in the Public Records Office in

London.

ds

：罗拉德派

they

were

poor

priests

and

traveling

preachers

who

were

john

wyclif's

played an important role in the mental preparations for

the peasant uprising of preaching the equality of men before

god.

of arc

：圣女贞德

she was a national heroine of France during the hundred year's war

，

she successfully led the france to drive the English out of France.

Black Death

It

is

a

modern

name

given

to

the

dearly

bubonic

plague

，

an

epidemic

disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in

1348-1349. It came without warning

，

and without any cue. In England

，

it killed almost half of the total population

，

causing far- reaching

economic consequences.

简答

was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the

Conqueror

？

Under

the

rule

of

William

the

Conqueror

，

the

feudal

system

in

England

was

completely

established.

According

to

this

system

，

the

king

owned

all

the

land

personally. William

gave

his

barons

large

estates

in

return

for

military services and a proportion of the land's produce. These estates

were

scattered

all

over

the

king.

Then

，

the

barons

parceled

out

land

to

the lesser nobles

，

knights and freemen

，

also in return for goods and

services. At the bottom

of the feudal

scale were the

serfs. One peculiar

feature

of

the

feudal

system

of

England

was

that

all

landowners

must

take

the

oath

of

allegiance

not

only

to

their

immediate

lord

，

but

also

to

the

king.

2.

What

were

the

contents

and

the

significance

of

the

Great

charter

？

Contents

：

no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand

Council

；

no

freeman

should

be

arrested

，

imprisoned

，

or

deprived

of

his

property except by the law of the land

；

the Church should possess all

its

rights

，

together

with

freedom

of

elections

；

London

and

other

towns

should retain their ancient rights and privileges

，

and there should be

the

same

weights

and measures

throughout the

country.

It

was

a

statement

of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons

，

a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power

of the king.

3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being

？

Henry III's many measures was brought matters between he and barons

to

a

head.

And

the

barons

force

the

king

to

swear

and

accept

the

Provisions

of Oxford. Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet

at Westminster

，

together with two knights from each country and two

burgesses from each town

，

a metting which has been seen as that the

earliest parliament.

4. What do you know about Wat Tyler's Uprising

？

The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat

Tyler

and

Jack

Straw.

Tyler

led

the

mared

villagers

to

occupy

London.

The

king

was

forced

to

accept

their

demands.

Most

of

the

rebels

dispersed

and

went

home

，

while

Tyler

and

other

leader

stayed

on

for

more

rights.

Tyler

was killed at a meeting with the king

，

who suppressed the Uprising

brutally. Although the Uprising failed

，

it had great importance in

English history. It directed against the rich clergy

，

the lawyers and

the

landowners.

It

effectively

blew

the

serfdom

，

and

a

new

class

of

yeomen

farmers emerged

，

paving the way for the development of capitalism.

《英语国家概况》英国部分考纲中文详解（

< br>1-4

章）

(2009-10-15 17:47:44)

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杂谈

1. Land and People

国土与人民

Different names for Britain and its parts

英国的不同名称及其区域

正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。简称：联合王国， 或

UK.

首都伦

敦。它包括不列颠岛和 北爱尔兰。

不列颠诸岛：包括不列颠岛，爱尔兰岛和几百个小岛。

爱尔兰岛：岛的北部地区，即北爱 尔兰属于联合王国；岛的南部地区，称为

爱尔兰共和国或爱尔兰，

1949

年独立，首都是都柏林。

三个政治区域：英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士。

由于帝国主义扩张政策，