江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读(77)含答案解析

江苏高考英语百日训练之任务型阅读（

77

）含 答案解析

【题文】

A

recent

study

points

out

a

so-

called

“gender

-equality

paradox(

性别平等悖论

)”:

there

are

more

women

in

STEM

(science,

technology,

engineering,

mathematics)

in

countries

with

lower

gender

equality.

Why

do

women

make

up

40

percent of engineering majors in Jordan, but only 34 percent in Sweden and 19 percent in the U.S.? The researchers suggest

that women are just less interested in STEM, and when liberal Western countries let them choose freely, they freely choose

different fields.

We disagree.

From cradle to classroom, a wealth of research shows that the environment has a major influence on girls’ interest and

ability in math and science. Early in school, teachers, unconscious prejudice push girls away from STEM. By their preteen

years, girls outperform boys in science class and report equal interest in the subject, but parents think that science is harder

and less interesting for their daughters than their sons, and these misunderstandings predict their children’s career choices

.

Later in life, women get less credit than men for the same

math performance. When female STEM majors write to

potential

PhD

advisors,

they

are

less

likely

to

get

a

response.

When

STEM

professors

review

applications

for

research

positions, they are less likel

y to hire “Jennifer” than “John,” even when both applications are otherwise identical—

and if

they do hire “Jennifer,” they pay her $$4,000 less.

These

findings

make

it

clear

that

women

in

Western

countries

are

not

freely

expressing

their

lack

of

“interest”

in

STEM. In fact, cultural attitudes and discrimination are shaping women’s interests in a way that is anything but free, even i

n

otherwise free countries.

“Gender

-

equality paradox” research misses those social factors because it relies on a broad measure

of equality called

the

Gender

Gap

Index

(GGI),

which

tracks

indicators

such

as

wage

difference,

government

representation

and

health

outcomes.

These

are

important

markers

of

progress,

but

if

we

want

to

explain

something

as

complicated

as

gender

representat

ion in STEM, we have to look into people’s heads.

Fortunately, we have ways to do that. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a well- validated tool for measuring how

tightly two concepts are tied together in people’s minds. The psychologist Brian Nosek an

d his colleagues analyzed over

500,000

responses

to

a

version

of

the

IAT

that

measures

mental

associations

between

men/women

and

science,

and

compared results from 34 countries. Across the world, people associated science more strongly with men than with women.

But surprisingly, these gendered associations were stronger in supposedly egalitarian (

主张平等的

) Sweden than they

were in the U.S., and the most pro- female scores came from Jordan. We re-

analyzed the study’s data and found that the

GGI’s assessment of overall gender equality of a country has nothing to do with that country’s scores on the science IAT.

That means the GGI fails to account for cultural attitudes toward women in science and the complicated mix of history

and culture that forms those attitudes.

Comparison

A recent study

“Gender

-

equality

paradox”

___71___

from

Opinions

The author’s idea

The environment including cultural attitudes

the

personal

reason

that

women

are

less

and

discrimination

is

___72___

women’s

interested in STEM.

interests.

?

Early

in

school:

Girls

perform

___74___

___73___

with

Jordan

and

Sweden,

than boys in science.

Facts

America

had

the

least

percentage

of

women

?

Later

in

life:

Female

STEM

majors

are

more

majoring in engineering.

likely to be ___75___ by potential PhD advisors.

IAT ___77___ how tightly two concepts are

Tools

It is ___76___ on GGI.

tied together in people’s minds.

?

The

GGFs

assessment

of

overall

gender

equality is not ___79___ to that count

ry’s scores

Women in liberal Western countries tend to

on the science IAT.

Findings

___78___ STEM.

?

The

GGI

can’t

____80____

people’s

cultural

attitudes

towards

women

in

science,

which

are

formed by a mix of history and culture.

【答案】

71. results/comes/originates/arises

72. influencing/shaping/affecting/determining

73. Compared

74. better

75. rejected/refused

76. based/ built/reliant

77. measures

78. avoid

79. related

80. explain

【解析】本文为议论文。本文主要介绍了在

STEM

< br>（科学、技术、工程、数学）领域为何女性少于男性进行了

论证。大量的研究表明 ，这是因为环境、文化态度及歧视影响了女孩的兴趣。

71.

考查综合判断能力及固定搭配。

本文主要讲述最近的研究及作者 对

“

性别平等悖论

”

的看法。

分析整个文章