-
The World is Thirsty for
Water
The world is not
only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This
may seem
strange to you, since nearly
70 percent of the earth's surface is covered with
water. But about 97 pement of this huge
amount is seawater, or salt water. Man
can only drink and use the other 3
percent
——
the fresh water
that comes from
rivers, lakes,
underground, and other sources.
The
amount of fresh water will not be enough for us.
First, we cannot use all
of the fresh
water, because some of it is in the form of
icebergs and glaciers, or
deep
underground. Second, some of it is being polluted.
Third, our need for
water is increasing
rapidly
——
almost day by day.
Only if we take steps to deal
with
these problems now can we avoid a serious
worldwide water shortage in
the future.
One of the first steps we should take
is to develop ways of reusing water.
Today, in most large cities, water is
used only once and then discharged into a
sewer system. From there it goes to the
sea or runs into underground storage
tanks. But it is possible to pipe water
that has been used to a purifying plant.
There it can be used again. Another way
is to make use of seawater by removing
the salt. This is called
desalinization, and it is already in use in many
parts of the
world.
Directions: For this part, you are
allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on
the topic On Water Shortage. You should
write at least 150 words, and base your
composition on the outline given below:
1. Water
shortage is becoming an urgent problem
2. Possible
solutions
10.
Water Shortage
No
one
can
have
failed
to
notice
the
fact
that
water
shortage
is
a
grave
problem
with which the whole world is
confronted. Actually, it has become so widespread
that it has severely affected
people
’
s daily life and
hindered the development
of the global
economy.
A number of factors could
account for the problem, but the following might
be
the critical ones. First, with the
development of agriculture and industry, an
increasing
amount
of
water
is
needed.
Secondly,
the ever-increasing
population
is
another leading cause of water
shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming
up also contributes to the problem.
What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh
water aggravate the situation.
In view of the
seriousness of the problem, effective measures
must be taken
before
things
get
worse.
First,
it
is
essential
that
laws
and
regulations
be
worked
out
and
enforced
to
protect
water
resources.
Secondly,
people
should
enhance
their
awareness of saving water. With these
measures taken, it is reasonable for us to
expect a brighter future.
Air Pollution
Air pollution is one of the
major problems of the modern world. A great deal
of
energy
is
needed
to
run
the
factories
of
modern
industrial
nations.
Automobile,
trains, planes and busses need energy,
too. Nearly all of this energy is produced
by burning fuels. The burning produces
wastes, some of which remain in the air,
causing air pollution.
Scientists
are
finding
ways
to
stop
air
pollution
especially
in
big
industrial
areas and densely-populated cities.
They are studying new ways of generating
electricity
that
may
be
less
damaging
to
the
environment.
In
the
meantime,
many
power
plants
are
being
modernized
to
give
off
less
polluted
material.
Also,
engineers
try
to design and locate new
power plants to do minimum damage to the
environment.
However, it may be that we still
have a long way
to go before
we
have a
world. Nearly all
of the countries are trying hard to prevent and
control air
pollution.
There
indeed
seems to be no end
to
tasks that environmentalists will be
required to do. People will continually
find new ways to control pollution.
Environmental Protection
Today
the
quality
of
our
natural
environment
has
become
an
important
issue.
The
world
population
is
rising
so
quickly
that
the
world
has
become
too
crowded.
We
are
using up our
natural
resources
and at the
same
time polluting our environment with
dangerous chemicals. If we continue to
do this, life on earth cannot survive.
Concerned
people have made some progress in environmental
protection.
Governments
of
many
countries
have
established
laws
to
protect
the
air,
forests
and
sea resources and to
stop environmental pollution.
Still more measures should be taken to
solve environmental problems. People
should
be
further
educated
to
recognize
the
importance
of
the
problems,
to
use
modern
methods of birth
control, to conserve(
保存
) our
natural resources and
recycle(
再
循环
) our
products. We are sure that we can have a better
and cleaner place in the
future.
Direction:
For
this
part
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
composition
on
the
to
pic
Cars
and
Air
Pollution.
You
should
write
no
less
than
120
words
and
base
your
com
position
on
the
outline
below:
< br>1.
私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生
2.
比较明显的大问题有
......
3.
我对这种现象的看法
Car
and
Air
Pollution
Too
many
cars
have
created
a
lot
of
serious
problems
in
our
world.
Besides
co
ngestion,
accidents
and
fast
fuel
consumption,
cars
are
responsible
for
a
good
part
of
air
pollution
in
big
cities.
All
the
time,
they
are
pumping
huge
amounts
of
waste
gases
into
t
he
atmosphere.
These
gases
are
very
harmful,
causing
disease
and
even
death.
One
possible
solution
is
to
design
and
develop
clean
cars
and
clean
fuels.
In
Sh
anghai,
some
of
the
public
buses
begin
to
run
on
natural
gas,
which
does
not
give
off
as
much
carbon
dioxide
as
the
petrol.
But
it
may
take
decades
for
the
new
models
of
clean
cars
completely
replace
the
traditional
ones.
Another
solution
is
to
develop
modern
public
transportation
systems
and
restrict
the
use
of
private
cars.
If
the
price
of
petrol
rises
constantly
and
the
public
vehicles
are
efficient
and
convenient
enough,
most
people
will
not
buy
private
cars.
And
the
total
num
ber
of
cars
in
big
cities
will
reduce
greatly.
On
the
whole,
the
elimination
of
air
pollution
needs
the
collective
efforts
from
t
he
government,
the
public
and
the
environmentalists.
Directions:For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
a
composition
on
the
topic: Pollution: An
Increasing Concern in China You should write at
least120 words
following the outline
below in Chinese.
1.
中国的污染的现状
2.
造成污染的原因
3.
解决的办法
Pollution: An Increasing Concern in
China
It is reported that
ten big cities in China are being ranked among the
top twenty
cities with
the
highest pollution
index
in
the
world. This
means it is
high
time we did
something to bring the situation under
control.
Many factors are
contributing to the deteriorating situation:
industrial wastes
pumped into the air,
the lakes and rivers; a increasing number of
automobiles crowding
into the streets;
the widespread use of plastic bags etc.
To my view, stiffer laws
and regulations must be implemented to check
pollution.
Industries
that
release
wastes
without
permission
should
be
heavily
fined.
Cars
should
be equipped to
minimize the exhaust they release into the air.
And the use of plastic
bags and
disposable meal boxes should be banned.
What
’
s more, the media
should play
an important role in
implanting a sense of environmental consciousness
into people
’
s
mind.
If
everybody works toward a common goal of making the
environment better, we can
create a
cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the
coming generation.
2009
年
12
月四级写作真题及参考范文
Directions: For this part, you
are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled
Creating a Green
Campus. You should
write at least 120 words following the outline
below in Chinese.
1.
绿色校园的重要性，
2.
什么样的校园是绿色的？
3.
我们应该怎么做。
On the Importance of Campus
Construction
Campus
is
the
place
where
university
students
spend
most
of
their
daily
life
through
the
four-
year
’
s
study.
Hence,
campus
construction
is
of
vital
importance
not
only
to
the
physical
development of
students but to their mental health as well.
Concerning
campus
construction,
it
doesn
’
t
exclusively
involve
green
environment