-
The United Kingdom
Step1 The
Country & People
1
、
Geographical
location
The UK is an island country.
The UK is located in the northwestern
Europe.
The UK is a country of island
surrounded by North sea (to its east), Atlantic
ocean (to its north),
Irish sea (to its
west and between Great Britain and Ireland),
English Channel
（英吉利海峡）
and
Strait of
Dover
（多佛尔海峡）
(to its south).
2
、
Common-sense
knowledge
National Anthem
：
《上帝保佑女王》
（男性君主为
）
National
Flower
：
Rose
The
Capital: London
3
、
Area and
population
Area: 244, 820 sqkm
Population: 60.9 million(2008)
The
most densely populated area: England (84%)
The
least densely populated area: Scotland
The least
populated area: Northern Ireland (less than 3%)
4
、
British
Commonwealth (1931) P9 (expressing in English)
British
Commonwealth
—
Also
known
as
the
Commonwealth
of
Nations,
it
is
an
association
comprising
the
United
Kingdom
and
fifty
or
so
former
British
colonies
that
are
now
sovereign
states
with
a
common
allegiance
to
the
British
Crown,
including
Canada,
Australia,
India,
and
many
countries
in
the
West
Indies
and
Africa.
It
was
formally
established
by
the
Statute
of
Westminster
in
1931.
Among
the
members
of
the
Commonwealth,
sixteen
sovereign
states
separately
recognize
Queen
Elizabeth
Ⅱ
as
their
monarch
and
are
named
the
Commonwealth
Realms. It
includes the UK itself, Canada, Australia, and New
Zealand, among others.
英联邦
(Commonwealth of Nations)
，是以英国为主导的国家联合体，由英国及其自治领
和其他已独
立的前殖民地、附属国组成，由
54
个主权国家（含属地）所组
成，成员大多为
前大英帝国的殖民地或附属国。
各自治领地地位
平等，
彼此的内政和外交完全独立；
共同效
忠于英王，
皆为自由结合的英联邦的成员。
该组织元首为英
国女王伊丽莎白二世，
同时身兼
英联邦王国内的
16
国的国家元首。
英联邦
成员国及其附属国占据了全球五分之一的土地及四分之一的人口。
成员国在许多
领域进行商讨和合作，包括贸易、金融、国防、教育、技术、科研、法律、医药和农业。英
联邦不是一个国家，而是一个松散的组织。
英联邦
是英国对联邦其他成员国在政治、军事、财政经济和文化上施加影响的组织。
5
、
Capital city
—
London
London is in the Southeast of the
nation and is situated on the Thames River near
its mouth.
London is the largest city
and largest port in the UK.
The
political center: Buckingham
palace
（白金汉宫，英国皇宫）
, Palace of
Westminster/ House
of
parliament
（国会大厦）
, Downing
street
（唐宁街）
The
financial center: One of the three major
international financial centers in the world.
(Paris and
New York)
The heart of arts and culture: The
University of London (the largest university in
the UK), British
museum
（大英博物馆）
City of Fog
（雾都）
London is divided into the City of
London (
金融城
) and the County
of London ( includes all the
suburbs
and part of the countryside around London, is
divided into 32 boroughs
区，自治市镇，
城区
).
6
、
Tourist
Attractions in London
Thames
River
（泰晤士河）
Tower
Bridge
（伦敦塔桥）
Palace of Westminster/House of parliame
nt
（威斯敏斯特宫
/
国会大厦）
威斯敏斯特宫
（
Palace of
Westminster
）
，
又称国会
大厦
（
Houses of Parliament
）
是英国国会
（包
括上议
院和下议院）的所在地。威斯敏斯特宫是哥德复兴式建筑的代表作之一。
Westminster
Abbey
（威斯敏斯特教堂）
Political
significance
：
Royal wedding
ceremony & Royal tomb
Commemoratory sig
nificance
：
Tom
bs
of many famous people ―Poet’s
corner‖
（诗人之角）
Who
was the first literary figure buried here?
----Chaucer (father of English history)
Who was the last royal family member
buried here? ---Diana (Rose of England)
In the right picture, whose tomb is it?
---Newton
Who built it? ----Edward the
confessor
（忏悔者）
Swiss Re
Tower
（瑞士再保险塔）
London Eye
（伦敦眼）
Millennium
Bridge
（千禧桥）
Greenwich
observatory
（格林威治天文台）
Canary
Wharf
（金丝雀码头）
Millennium
Dome
（千年穹顶）
St
Paul’s Cathedral
（圣保罗大教堂）
London Tower
（伦敦塔）
Canary Wharf
Tower
（金丝雀码头塔）
One
Canada Square
第一加拿大广场
HSBC Tower
汇丰银行塔
8 Canada
Square
第八加拿大广场
Citigroup Centre
花旗集团中心
Buckingham
Palace
（白金汉宫）
—
the
residence of the queen
（女王住处）
7
、
Different names
for Britain and its parts
8
、
Topography
（地形）
①
Rising in
North-West cause highlands there;
②
Sinking in South-East cause lowlands.
1
9
、
Filling in the
blanks
1
）
The
British
Isles
—
a
geographic
term
which
includes
two
large
islands,
Great
Britain
and
Ireland island, and 5,000 small
islands.
2
）
Great
Britain comprises only England , Scotland and
Wales.
3
）
Ireland
island includes Northern Ireland and southern
Ireland. Northern Ireland is a part of the
UK, while southern Ireland became an
independent country
—
Republic of Ireland.
4
）
The
UK
is
made
up
of
Great
Britain
and
Northern
Ireland.
Northern
Ireland
is
made
up
of
England, Scotland and
Wales.
5
）
Three
terms
British
Isles
（不列颠群岛）
：
Two
large islands and hundreds of small ones
Britain
：
Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
Great
Britain
：
England, Wales and
Scotland
10
、
Terms
& Capitals & Features
Term
England
Capital
London
Features
The
most
populous
and
densely
populated
area
（人口
密度最大，人口最多）
its
population
density
is
the
lowest
（人口密度最小）
The
least
populous
（人口最
少）
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
Edinburgh
爱丁堡
Cardiff
加的夫
Belfast
贝尔法斯特
11
、
Rivers & Lakes
The longest river: the
Severn
（塞汶河）
The
2nd but most important river:
Thames
（泰晤士河）
The
largest lake in the UK: Lough
Neagh
（内伊湖，英国最大的淡水湖）
Lough
Lomond
（
洛蒙德湖）
, on
the southwestern edge of the High-lands of
Scotland, is the largest
on the island
of Great Britain.
12
、
Climate &
Weather
①
Changeable
②
Mild temperature
③
Abundant rain fall
1. mid-latitude oceanic
climate
（中纬海洋性气候）
a. Favorable one, winters are mild not
too cold and summers are cool not too hot;
b. Steady reliable rainfall
throughout the whole year;
c. Small range of temperature.
2. Factors
a.
The surrounding waters tend to balance the seasona
l
（
季节性的）
difference
s by heating up
the land in winter and
cooling it off in summer;
b.
The Westerlies
（盛行西风带）
blow
over the country all the year round bringing warm
and
wet air in winter and keeping the
temperatures moderate;
c. The North
Atlantic Drift
（北大西洋暖流）
,
which is a warm current, passes the western
coast of the British Isles and warms
them.
3. Rainfall
a.
General:
Britain
has
a
steady
reliable
rainfall
throughout
the
whole
year.
The
average
annual rainfall in
Britain is over 1,000 mm;
2
b. Character:
①
Water surplus in north and
west;
②
Water deficit in
south and east;
c.
Reservoir
s
（水库）
have
to
be
built
in
highland
areas
such
as
Central
Wales,
the
Lake
District and the Scottish
Highlands
（苏格兰高地）
.
Step2 History of the United
Kingdom
13
、
A
brief timeline of British history
0.
Early history
史前
~43A.D.
1. Roman years
罗马人占领时期：
55BC~410AD
Early
2. Anglo-Saxon Britain
and Anglo-Saxon Heptarch
盎格鲁
—
撒克逊时期
Britain
与
Danish i
nvasion
丹麦统治时期：
449
年
~1066
年
3. Norman Britain
诺曼底王朝
1066~1154
4. House of Plantagenet
雀花王朝
1154~1399
Medieval
5. House of
Lancaster
兰开斯特王朝
1399~1461
Britain
6. House of York
约克王朝
1461~1485
7. House of
Tudors
都铎王朝
1485~1603
Religious reformation
8. The House of
Stuart
斯图亚特王朝
1603~1714
British Bourgeois Revolution
of
Hanover
汉诺威王朝
1714~1917
Industrial revolution
Victorian Britain
World War One
of
Windsor
温莎王朝
1917~
World War Two
14
、
The earliest
known settlers on the British Isles were
Iberian.
（英国土著居民是利比亚人）
15
、
The Normans
were the last invaders in history to conquer the
British Isles.
（诺曼底入侵是历
史上最后一次
外族入侵）
16
、
< br>1.
什么是诺曼底征服（封建社会的开始）？
When Edward the confessor died in 1066
without a male heir, Harold claimed the throne,
but 3
days
later,
Duke
of
Normandy,
William,
crossed
the
Channel,
killed
Harold
and
defeated
the
English army at the battle of Hastings.
Weeks later, he was crowned as William at
Westminster
Abbey in London on
Christmas Day 1066.
2. William, duke of
Normandy (Northwest of France, close to British
Channel)
（位于法国西北部）
3. The Battle of
Hastings
（黑斯廷斯战役）
4. Facts
The
Battle
of
Hastings
in
1066
made
William,
the
Conqueror
the
first
Anglo-Norman
king
of
England.
5. Significance
It
is
the
last
invasion
of
England
by
foreigners
while
English
history
regards
it
as
a
hidden
blessing.
6. In 1067,
William started building the Tower of London, the
great fortress
（要塞，
堡垒）
which
demonstrated his power and dominated
the city of London.
17
、
1.
Henry
Ⅱ在位期间三大事件：
在位国王
:
Henry
Ⅱ
三大事件：①
Henry
Ⅱ
founded the
Plantagenet Dynasty;
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
上一篇：201306-3听力原文+答案
下一篇：2021年上半年大学英语四级高频词汇合集