考研英语阅读理解解题技巧——推理题

作者暗指的意思是

[A]

选项

“

它们很 大程度上得益于数学

”

。

推理题与暗指题虽然有许多相似之 处，但是其思路与方法更侧重于推理，主要测

试考生的思维判断能力，

< br>即由已知的事实为依据去获得未知的信息。

考生解题时首先要把握

推理范围

——

大至段落或全文，小至词语或句子

;

其次要严格遵循逻辑规律，保持正确的思

维 过程和严密的逻辑

;

再次可以利用相关部分提供的事实、背景知 识和常识去推理。

干扰项的特点：根据文章中某些事实亦可以推导，然而又答非所问。

(1)

推断文章内容的含义和引申意思

Example

Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are

scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could

re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago

in the U. S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of

telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for

consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the

price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is

increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan

—

but it does not

appear that consumers are being hurt.(2001

年

Passage 4)

From Paragraph 4 we can infer that .

[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers

[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs

[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous

[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition

命题者 设置的难点是第二句中定语从句的理解。原文谈到

“

目前难以预 料，数家石

油公司的合并是否会再次对竞争造成威胁。

100< /p>

年前美国的标准石油联合公司

(Standard

Oil Trust)

被解散，就是因为当时人们担心它会对竞 争构成威胁

”

，由此引申推理可知

[D ]

项

“

标准石油联合公司可能曾对竞争 形成过威胁

”

。此外，考生还需要注意，

might have

threatened

是虚拟语气， 表示对过去的推测。

(2)

运用数字进行推理

Example

Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing

more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and

Midwest reaches a near standstill.

This development

—

and its strong implication for US politics and

economy in years ahead

—has enthroned the South as America’s most densely

populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.

Altogether, the Us population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million

—

numerically the third-largest growth ever recorded in a single decade.

Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual

records except for the Depression years.

Americans have been migrating south and west in larger numbers since

World War

Ⅱ

, and the pattern still prevails. (1998

年

Passage 4)

Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980

census provided, America in 1970s .

[A] enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history

[B] witnessed a southwestern shift of population

[C] underwent an unparalleled period of population growth

[D] brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World War

Ⅱ

这是一道涉及数字的题目，从标志词

1970s

可以定位为文章第三段，本段指出：

“20

世纪

70

年代，

美国人 口总共增长了

2 320

万

——

从数字上看，

这是有纪录以来

10

期人口增长的第三高峰。即使如此，人口总数也只增加了

11.4%

，除了大萧条时期，这是

美国年度记录最低 的增长率。

”

因此，

[A]

[C]

选项与文意不符。接着文章第四段谈 到

人口普查显示出

“

第二次世界大战以 来，美国人不断移居西部和南部，现在这种趋势依然存

在

”

。因此可以得出

[B]

选项是正确答案，而

[D]

选项与该段内容正好相反。

(3)

用 类比的例子，要求考生进行推理演绎

Example1

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as

a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result

or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a

promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new

language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to

show for their efforts.

By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to

determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or

landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the

attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter

new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never

really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to

try, new challenges to accept. (1995

年

Passage 2)

A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when .

[A] he has given up his smoking habit

[B] he has made great efforts in his work

[C] he is keen on learning anything new

[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey

< /p>

本文指出看待人的成长有两个观点：一是视为结果，一是视为过程。第一段具体讲

到第一种观点的详细内容。

它是大部分人都持有的观点，

看重外在结果因为其可以量化，

可

以通过具体事例反映 出来，

如：

工人得到升迁、

学生成绩提 高和外国人学会了一门新的语言。

第二段讲第二种观点的详细内容：

成长是人在遇到新的经历和意外险阻时表现出来的态度和

情感，

而不是实在的结果。问的是根据第一种观点，以下哪一种是成长表现。通过文中类比

的例子可知只有

[A]

选项是实在的结果。

结论题与推理题在解题思路 和方法上有许多相似之处，但是推理题偏重于推理过

程，

而结论 题偏重于归纳过程。

解答结论题时一定要根据题目要求，

就短文 有关内容做出合

乎逻辑的、

可靠的结论。

有时为了克服片面性，可以扩大阅读范围，否则获得信息的范围太

窄，结论便欠妥。因 此，解答此类试题既要以事实为依据，也要依据自己的常识和经验

;

既

要重视文章主题，也要重视发展或印证主题的细节

;

而尤为重要的是把握作者的写作意图。

注意过于概括、过于全面或过 于细节化的选项，往往属于干扰项。

(1)

先了解全文，把握主题

考生可以通过首尾段、文章结构、 或归纳整理各段信息迅速了解主题。然后再通

过主题与细节的关系进行合乎理性的归纳。

Example

The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its

public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely

unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a

quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than

it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an

end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no

longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from

this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made

sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right

stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people

trying to get on in life. (2000

年

Passage 5)

From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition

should be maintained .

[A] secretly and vigorously

[B] openly and enthusiastically

[C] easily and momentarily

[D] verbally and spiritually

< /p>

该段谈到人们对雄心的攻击远多于对它的维护，因此本应是一种健康公开的品质