-
The United States of America
Part 1The Country and The American
Identity
Common-sense
Knowledge
1
、
全称
:
The United States of America
(
美利坚合众国
)
2
、
简称
:
the
United States;the U.S.; America.
3
、
National
Anthem
:《星条旗永不落》
(
同时可以叫做国旗)
年被美国国会
正式
定为国歌。
4
、
National
Flower
:
Rose
5
、
Jet
lag
: About 16 hours (west of America),
and 13 hours (east of
America).
(了解)
6
、
The
Capital
: Washington D.C.
为纪念
美国国父乔治
-
华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布
Christophe
而定名
7
、
绰号
:山姆大叔(
Uncle Sam
)
Location
1
、
Canada on the
north
;
Mexico and the Gulf of
Mexico on the south
;
Atlantic Ocean on the
east
;
Pacific Ocean on the
west.
2
、
The
largest country in the world
:
Russia
,
Canada
,
p>
China
,
America
,
brazil
,
Aus
tralia.
3
、
50
states in total
Alaska
—
the
largest
;
Rhode Island (
罗德岛州
)
—
the
smallest
;
Texas
(德
克萨斯州)
—
the largest on the
mainland
4
、著名城市
Bo
ston
是
Massachusetts
马萨诸塞州的首府
5
、
两边两座山,中间一条河。
The
eastern part
—
the highlands
formed by the Appalachian Range
(
阿巴拉挈亚山脉
).
The
western part
—
Rocky Mountains
(落基山)
—
the great
backbone of North America
The
Mississippi River
—
6
、
The Great
Lakes
(
1
)
Lake Michigan
密歇根湖
—
wholly within the United
States
唯一全在美国境内
(
2
)
Lake Erie
伊利湖和
Lake
Ontario
安大略湖
间有
Niagara
Falls
尼亚加拉大瀑布
(
3
)
Lake Superior
苏必利尔湖
—
世界上最大的淡水湖
(
4
)
无特色的
Lake Huron
休伦湖
—《英语国家概况》
?
美国
?
第
1
页—
Climate
1
、
Mainly
temperate with some mild subtropical zones with
only the southern Florida and Hawaii being tropica
l.
大部
分是温带大陆性气候。
2
、
The Northeast
东北部著名城市有
:
(
1
)
Boston
波士顿
(
2
)
New
York
纽约
:
①
Situated on three
islands
—
Manhattan
Island
(曼哈顿岛)
, Long
Island
(纽约长岛)
and Staten
Island
(斯塔顿
岛)
at
the mouth of Hudson
River
(哈德逊河)
.
②
Five boroughs
—
p>
Manhattan
(曼哈顿)
,
Brooklyn
(布鲁克林)
,
Bronx
(布朗克斯)
,
Richmond
(里士满)
and
Queens
(纽约皇后区)
.
③
the headquarter of the
United Nations
(联合国总部)
④
The statue of
liberty
自由女神像
The formal name
is
3
、
The South
南部著名城市有
:
New Orleans(
新奥尔良
)
;
Miami
(迈阿密);
Atlanta
(亚特兰大)
4
、
The
Midwest
—
the birthplace of
the Republican Party
共和党的诞生地
中
部著名城市有:
(
1
)
Chicago
—
the
windy city; second most populous city after New
York
(
New
York
最多)
5
、
The West
西部著名城市有
:
(
1
)
San
Francisco
圣弗兰西斯科
/
旧
金山有
Golden Gate
Bridge
(金门大桥)
(
2
)
Los
Angels
洛杉矶有
Hollywood
< br>(好莱坞)位于
California
加州
The American Identity (People)
1
、
人口构成复杂
The White
75%
;
Native Indians &Hawaiian
s0.9%
(不到
1%
);
The Black 12%
;
The
Asians 43%
;
Mixed
Races2.5%.
The United States
is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a
“
melting
pot
”
(大熔炉)
.
2
、
Uneven distribution
人口分布不均
东北多西南少
The most
densely populated region
—
the
northeastern part
The Great
Plains
—
a comparatively small
population
The
South
—
a population of almost
57.5 million people
The
West
—
not densely populated
3
、
Civil Rights Movement
民权运动
Martin
Luther King
—
“
I Have a
Dream
”
—《英语国家概况》<
/p>
?
美国
?
第
p>
2
页—
4
、
Hispanics
—
the Spanish-speaking population of
the United States
第二语言
Spanish
Three
major Hispanic groups: Mexican-
Americans
;
Puerto
Ricans
;
Cuban-Americans
Part2History
整理脉络
:发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争——联邦政府的建立——内战——
西部大扩张——两
次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国
发现新大陆时期
:
1
、
Mount Rushmore
总统山
/
拉什莫尔山,位于南达科他州。
2
、
哥伦布
Columbus
发现新大陆。
3
、
Name
的由来
: Ameriga
Vespucci
(阿美利歌
-
韦斯普
奇)
proved that the land was not India,
but a new continent.
Therefore, the
land was named America after him.
4
、
Native
Americans
—
the Indians
5
、
In
1565,the Spanish established the first permanent
European settlement (
移民地
) in
the continental U.S. at St.
Augustine,
Florida.
最早移民为西班牙人。
6
、
John Cabot was the first English
explorer to travel to the New World and claimed
the first piece of land for
England by
the end of the 15th century.
7
、
最早有
13
个殖民地。
1607-1733<
/p>
,英国在美国建立
13
个殖民地。
They were Virginia, Maine, New
Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York,
Rhode Island, Maryland,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
Georgia.
8
、
In 1620, A group of English
Puritans(
英国清教徒
), now known
as the Pilgrim Fathers
(清教徒先祖
/
朝拜者)
,
landed at
Cape Cod
(科德角)
, near Boston,
after ailing in the small ship the
Mayflower
“五月花号“
for
months. Landed at now known Plymouth,
Massachusettes.
注意:“五月花号”
9
、
Thanksgiving Day
1863
年,美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在
1621
年。
殖民地时期:
1
、
北美十三个殖民地
2
、
The reasons of
Europeans
‘
coming to
America
(看下即可)
(1)
The need for increased trade;
—《英语国家概况》
?
美国
?
第<
/p>
3
页—
(2) The zeal of Spanish priests to
convert the native Indians to Christianity;
(3) The need of European religious and
political dissenters for refuge from persecution
in their homelands;
(4) The thirst for
adventure of some individuals.
独立战争时期
The War of
Independence/ American
revolution
:
1
、
The
Causes
:
①
With
the development of economy, the people in the
colonies wanted more power to determine their own
business
(自决权)
. But the
policy of the British government was to bring the
development under control
(把经济发展控于
股掌)
and
collect more taxes from the colonies.
②
The Boston Tea
Party(
波士顿茶叶事件
): In 1773,
several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians
boarded the
ships of the British East
India Company
(登上英国东印度公司的船)
and threw the tea into the harbor.
注意:
波士顿茶叶事件
The
Boston Tea Party
、
1773
年和英国东印度公司
the British East India
Company
2
、
The Continental Congress
大陆会议
,中英文会表达。以下
表格很重要
。<
/p>
The First
Continental
Congress
The
Second Continental
Congress
Time
1774
1775
Place
Philadelphia
费城
Philadelphia
费城
备注
与莱克星顿的枪声
The
fire
of Lexington
同在
1775
年发生,时隔三
周。
3
、
In
September, 1783,
the Treaty of
Paris
巴黎条约
was signed. Britain
recognized the independence of the United
States.
注意:巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。
联邦政府的建立时期
Establishment of a
federal form of government
:
领土扩张和西进运动时期
Territorial
expansion and the westward
Movement
:
1
、
Forced England
to give up the Old
Northwest
(迫使英格兰放弃旧西北地区)
2
、
Purchased the
Louisiana
from Nepoleon.(1790’s)
向拿破伦购买路易斯安那州
(使得国土面积变身原先两倍)
< br>
3
、
Forced
Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf
coast
迫使西班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸
4
、
Texas added to
the Union(1845) 1845
年,德克萨斯加入联邦
(
1845
年之前,德克萨斯属于墨西哥)
5
、
Obtained
California and New Mexico from Mexico by the war
with Mexico (1846-1848)
从墨西哥战争
1846-4848
,
得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。
—《英语国家概况》
?
美国
?
第
4
页—
6
、
The Gadsden
Purchase(1853) another 30,000 square miles of
Mexican land were added to the territory of the
U.S.,
in return, the U.S. paid 10
million dollars.1853
年的
“
加滋登购地
”
中,又有
3
万平方英里的墨西哥变成了美国领土,
美国付了
1
千万美元的补偿。
注意:
“
加滋登购地
”
中英文
南北战争时期
The
American CivilWar
:
Time: 1861-1865
;
当时在位总统是林肯
;
南北矛盾的焦点:奴隶制的存废
1
、
Cause
:
In the
early 1800’s, black slavery disappeared in the
north because of industry development. But it
continued to exist in the South. In the
South, farming remained the most important way of
making a living and the
planter farmed
a large area of land. Slave labors seemed best
suited for producing these crops.
注意:解释
原因时要全面;经济体制不同:北方是资本主义,南方是种植园经济体制。
2
、
①
1862. 9.
22- issued the Emancipation Proclamation
(解放黑奴宣言)
granted freedom to
about 4 million slaves.
②
1863, The Gettysburg
Address
葛底斯堡演讲
注意:解放黑奴宣言和葛底斯堡演讲中英文
< br>3
、
中英文表达
plantat
ions
(种植园)和
Negro
slaves
(黑奴)
4
、
1865, the South
surrendered.
最终
北方胜利,南方投降。
5
、
The Thirteenth
Amendment, which banned slavery, was added to the
Constitution in December,1865.
注意:废除奴隶制
的第十三修正案于
1865
年
12
p>
月写入宪法。
5
、
Influence of the war
(
1
)
Two
achievements:
①
realize the
unification(
统一
) of the
American nation
②
end the
slavery system
(
2
)
Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the
Civil War
(内战后资本主义的迅速发展)
(
3
)
After
the war, the U.S. saw great developments in
Industry, agriculture, science and technology, and
population.
①
reasons:
a. a
stable political environment after the war was
over
(战后稳定的政治环境)
;
b. enough labor supply after black
slaves were free; new immigrants
(黑奴自由,新
移民都提供了足够的劳动
力)
;
c. Science and invention played a very important
role in accelerating Americ
a’s
industrial development (
科学
和发
明在美国的工业发展中起到重要作用
);
d. the
federal government put high taxes on foreign
imports(
联邦政府对进口商品课以高税
);
e. the Rich natural resources(
丰富的自然资源
)
;
—《英语国家概况》
?
美国
?
第
5
页—