关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

《英语国家概况》美国篇,期末整理

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-02-24 16:06
tags:

-

2021年2月24日发(作者:菹醢)


The United States of America



Part 1The Country and The American Identity



Common-sense Knowledge


1



全称



The United States of America (


美利坚合众国


)


2



简称



the United States;the U.S.; America.


3



National Anthem


:《星条旗永不落》



( 同时可以叫做国旗)



年被美国国会


正式 定为国歌。



4



National Flower



Rose


5



Jet lag


: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours (east of America).


(了解)



6



The Capital


: Washington D.C.


为纪念 美国国父乔治


-


华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布


Christophe


而定名


7



绰号


:山姆大叔(

< p>
Uncle Sam




Location


1



Canada on the north



Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south




Atlantic Ocean on the east



Pacific Ocean on the west.


2



The largest country in the world



Russia



Canada



China



America

< p>


brazil



Aus tralia.


3



50 states in total



Alaska



the largest



Rhode Island (

< p>
罗德岛州


)



the smallest



Texas


(德 克萨斯州)



the largest on the mainland


4


、著名城市


Bo ston



Massachusetts


马萨诸塞州的首府



5


< p>
两边两座山,中间一条河。



The eastern part



the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range (


阿巴拉挈亚山脉


).


The western part



Rocky Mountains


(落基山)



the great backbone of North America


The Mississippi River




6




The Great Lakes



1




Lake Michigan


密歇根湖



wholly within the United States


唯一全在美国境内




2




Lake Erie


伊利湖和


Lake Ontario


安大略湖


间有


Niagara Falls


尼亚加拉大瀑布




3




Lake Superior


苏必利尔湖


世界上最大的淡水湖




4




无特色的


Lake Huron


休伦湖



—《英语国家概况》


?


美国


?


< p>
1


页—




Climate


1



Mainly temperate with some mild subtropical zones with only the southern Florida and Hawaii being tropica l.


大部


分是温带大陆性气候。



2



The Northeast


东北部著名城市有





1



Boston


波士顿




2



New York


纽约





Situated on three islands



Manhattan Island


(曼哈顿岛)


, Long Island


(纽约长岛)


and Staten Island


(斯塔顿


岛)


at the mouth of Hudson River


(哈德逊河)


.



Five boroughs



Manhattan


(曼哈顿)


, Brooklyn


(布鲁克林)


, Bronx


(布朗克斯)


, Richmond


(里士满)


and


Queens


(纽约皇后区)


.



the headquarter of the United Nations


(联合国总部)




The statue of liberty


自由女神像


The formal name is


3



The South


南部著名城市有




New Orleans(


新奥尔良


)



Miami


(迈阿密);

< p>
Atlanta


(亚特兰大)



4




The Midwest



the birthplace of the Republican Party


共和党的诞生地


中 部著名城市有:




1



Chicago



the windy city; second most populous city after New York



New York


最多)



5



The West


西部著名城市有





1



San Francisco


圣弗兰西斯科


/


旧 金山有


Golden Gate Bridge


(金门大桥)




2



Los Angels


洛杉矶有


Hollywood

< br>(好莱坞)位于


California


加州



The American Identity (People)


1




人口构成复杂



The White 75%



Native Indians &Hawaiian s0.9%


(不到


1%


);

< p>
The Black 12%



The Asians 43%



Mixed


Races2.5%.


The United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, making it a “


melting pot



(大熔炉)


.


2




Uneven distribution


人口分布不均



东北多西南少



The most densely populated region



the northeastern part


The Great Plains



a comparatively small population


The South



a population of almost 57.5 million people


The West



not densely populated


3




Civil Rights Movement


民权运动



Martin Luther King





I Have a Dream




—《英语国家概况》< /p>


?


美国


?



2


页—




4



Hispanics


the Spanish-speaking population of the United States


第二语言


Spanish


Three major Hispanic groups: Mexican- Americans



Puerto Ricans



Cuban-Americans


Part2History



整理脉络 :发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争——联邦政府的建立——内战——


西部大扩张——两 次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国



发现新大陆时期


:


1




Mount Rushmore


总统山


/


拉什莫尔山,位于南达科他州。



2




哥伦布


Columbus


发现新大陆。



3




Name


的由来


: Ameriga Vespucci


(阿美利歌


-


韦斯普 奇)


proved that the land was not India, but a new continent.


Therefore, the land was named America after him.


4




Native Americans



the Indians


5




In 1565,the Spanish established the first permanent European settlement (


移民地


) in the continental U.S. at St.


Augustine, Florida.


最早移民为西班牙人。



6




John Cabot was the first English explorer to travel to the New World and claimed the first piece of land for


England by the end of the 15th century.


7




最早有


13


个殖民地。


1607-1733< /p>


,英国在美国建立


13


个殖民地。



They were Virginia, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Rhode Island, Maryland,


North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Georgia.


8




In 1620, A group of English Puritans(


英国清教徒


), now known as the Pilgrim Fathers


(清教徒先祖


/


朝拜者)


,


landed at Cape Cod


(科德角)


, near Boston, after ailing in the small ship the Mayflower


“五月花号“


for


months. Landed at now known Plymouth, Massachusettes.


注意:“五月花号”



9




Thanksgiving Day


1863


年,美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在


1621


年。



殖民地时期:



1




北美十三个殖民地



2



The reasons of Europeans



coming to America


(看下即可)



(1) The need for increased trade;


—《英语国家概况》


?


美国


?


第< /p>


3


页—




(2) The zeal of Spanish priests to convert the native Indians to Christianity;


(3) The need of European religious and political dissenters for refuge from persecution in their homelands;


(4) The thirst for adventure of some individuals.


独立战争时期


The War of Independence/ American revolution




1



The Causes


:



With the development of economy, the people in the colonies wanted more power to determine their own business


(自决权)


. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control


(把经济发展控于


股掌)


and collect more taxes from the colonies.



The Boston Tea Party(


波士顿茶叶事件


): In 1773, several dozen Boston residents dressed as Indians boarded the


ships of the British East India Company


(登上英国东印度公司的船)


and threw the tea into the harbor.


注意:


波士顿茶叶事件


The Boston Tea Party



1773


年和英国东印度公司


the British East India Company


2




The Continental Congress


大陆会议


,中英文会表达。以下


表格很重要


。< /p>




The First Continental


Congress


The Second Continental


Congress


Time


1774


1775


Place


Philadelphia


费城



Philadelphia


费城



备注




与莱克星顿的枪声


The


fire of Lexington


同在


1775


年发生,时隔三


周。



3




In September, 1783,


the Treaty of Paris


巴黎条约


was signed. Britain recognized the independence of the United


States.


注意:巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。



联邦政府的建立时期


Establishment of a federal form of government




领土扩张和西进运动时期


Territorial expansion and the westward Movement




1



Forced England to give up the Old Northwest


(迫使英格兰放弃旧西北地区)



2



Purchased the Louisiana


from Nepoleon.(1790’s)


向拿破伦购买路易斯安那州


(使得国土面积变身原先两倍)

< br>


3



Forced Spain to cede Florida and the Gulf coast


迫使西班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸



4



Texas added to the Union(1845) 1845


年,德克萨斯加入联邦


1845


年之前,德克萨斯属于墨西哥)



5



Obtained California and New Mexico from Mexico by the war with Mexico (1846-1848)


从墨西哥战争


1846-4848



得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。



—《英语国家概况》


?


美国


?



4


页—




6



The Gadsden Purchase(1853) another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.,


in return, the U.S. paid 10 million dollars.1853


年的


< p>
加滋登购地



中,又有


3


万平方英里的墨西哥变成了美国领土,


美国付了


1


千万美元的补偿。



注意:



加滋登购地



中英文



南北战争时期


The American CivilWar




Time: 1861-1865 ;


当时在位总统是林肯


;


南北矛盾的焦点:奴隶制的存废



1




Cause


:


In the early 1800’s, black slavery disappeared in the north because of industry development. But it


continued to exist in the South. In the South, farming remained the most important way of making a living and the


planter farmed a large area of land. Slave labors seemed best suited for producing these crops.


注意:解释 原因时要全面;经济体制不同:北方是资本主义,南方是种植园经济体制。


< p>
2




1862. 9. 22- issued the Emancipation Proclamation


(解放黑奴宣言)


granted freedom to about 4 million slaves.



1863, The Gettysburg Address


葛底斯堡演讲



注意:解放黑奴宣言和葛底斯堡演讲中英文


< br>3



中英文表达


plantat ions


(种植园)和


Negro slaves


(黑奴)



4



1865, the South surrendered.


最终


北方胜利,南方投降。



5



The Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution in December,1865.


注意:废除奴隶制 的第十三修正案于


1865



12


月写入宪法。



5




Influence of the war



1



Two achievements:



realize the unification(


统一


) of the American nation



end the slavery system



2



Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil War


(内战后资本主义的迅速发展)




3



After the war, the U.S. saw great developments in Industry, agriculture, science and technology, and


population.



reasons:


a. a stable political environment after the war was over


(战后稳定的政治环境)


;


b. enough labor supply after black slaves were free; new immigrants


(黑奴自由,新 移民都提供了足够的劳动


力)


;


c. Science and invention played a very important role in accelerating Americ


a’s industrial development (


科学


和发 明在美国的工业发展中起到重要作用


);


d. the federal government put high taxes on foreign imports(


联邦政府对进口商品课以高税


);


e. the Rich natural resources(

丰富的自然资源


)



< p>
—《英语国家概况》


?


美国


?



5


页—



-


-


-


-


-


-


-


-



本文更新与2021-02-24 16:06,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/670534.html

《英语国家概况》美国篇,期末整理的相关文章