-
法
律
英
语
900
句
Part 1
< br>保险（
Insurance
）
is a holder of an insurance policy.
他是保险单持有人
.
long
is the period from the commencement to termination
of insurance?
保险责任起止期限是多长
?
nce companies insured ships and their
cargoes against loss at sea.
保险公司为船舶和船货承保了海损险
.
.Rodman is the most heavily
insured man in the world, carrying $$4,000,000
insurance on
his life.
罗德曼先生
是世界上投保最多的人
,
为自己投了
4
,000.000
美元的人寿险
life
insurance.
kind of insurance policy is
the one that covers a named
person
记名保单
.
有一种保险单是记名保险单
named policy.
s to an insurance contract are required
to exercise the utmost good faith and disclose
all relevant matters to each
other
.
保险合同双方当事人都应该尽到最大的善意并且
想到披露所有的相关事实
.
coverage
保险总额
is
written in the basic form and clauses.
保险范围写在基本保险单和各种险别条款里
.
cover will you take out?
你们准备投保那些险别
?
do
your insurance clauses cover?
你们的保险条款规定了那些险种
?
will pay the premium for WPA(with particular
average
单独海损赔偿
)?
水渍险费用由谁负担
?
Part 2 Real property
1.A man
may claim that the owns land by inheritance or
purchase from some other person.
一个人可能会声称他是通过继承或从其他人处购买而拥有土地的。
is referred to as realty.
土地被除数称为不动产
.
may
not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally
transferred by any other means.
土地不得买卖<
/p>
,
出租
,
抵押或
者以其他形式非法转让
.
,the main source
of wealth, is by the very nature of things treated
differently from
other kinds of
property.
土地是主要的财富渊源
,
按照物的本质区分有别于其他类别的财产
.
sion
for any change in the use of the land owned has to
be obtained from the local
planning
authorities.
变更对拥有土地的使用必须经地方规划当局批准
.
ty may be classified into real property
and personal property.
财产可分为不动产和动产两类
.
1
property is
both a bundle of legal rights and certain physical
objects.
不动产包括大量法定权益和某些有形物
.
property is land and things immovably
attached to the land.
不动产指的是土地及土地上附着物
.
ownership of land grew out of possession.
土地所有权源于占有
.
a
squatter occupies derelict land and continues in
uninterrupted possession for 12
years,
the owner's title to land is destroyed.
如果一个擅自战用者被遗弃土地并连续不受干涉地占用
12
年
,
原土地所有人的产权将消灭
.
P
art 3
Encumbrance
留置权
1.A landowner who already holds land
subject to a mortgage may wish to
hypothecate
抵押，
担保
his equity.
已经拥有被按揭抵押土地的所有人可
能会希望抵押他的衡平法权益
.
2.A lien
against the property is granted to secure an
obligation.
准予对财产拥有留置权以保证义务之履行
.
3.A pledge is something more than a
mere lien and something less than a mortgage.
质押的性质超过纯粹留置
,
但却比不上按揭
.
the court imposed the lien,
it usually issues a writ directing the sheriff to
seize the
property.
当法庭判定留置权
后
,
其通常签发一令状
,
指示司法行政官扣押该财产
.
the
purpose of the transaction is to transfer property
for security only, then the courts will
hold the transaction a pledge.
< br>如果交易之目的只是因为担保而转让财产
,
法院将裁定此
种交易是一种质押行为
.
is a charge on
land.
此是土地的抵押
.
decided to redeem the pledge.
他决定赎回质押物
.
l
rights are not mortgageable in this jurisdiction.
在该司法管辖区
,
矿业权益不能用作按
揭抵押
.
ge is a security
interest in real property.
按揭是不动产的一种物权担保
.
debtor whose property is subject to the mortgage
is called the mortgagor
.
其财产被按揭抵押的债务人被称为抵押人
.
Part 4 Process
s
of service of process
传票送达
shall be included in the Articles of
Association
公司章
程
.
公司章程中应包括有传票送达地址。
2
summons is a subsequent summons issued to replace
one that could not be served or
otherwise failed.
第二传票是取代因无法送达或因其他原因失效的传票之传票。
was subpoenaed as a witness to appear
in the circuit court.
史密斯被传唤为证人在巡回法院出庭。
s is a written notification that one is
required to appear in court.
传票是一种要求某人出庭的书面通知。
bailiff was in charge of issuing a
summons on the plaintiff.
法庭执达官负责向被告签发传票。
court served a summons on him.
法院向他送达了传票。
summons was withdrawn.
传票被撤销。
witnesses
were subpoenaed to attend the trial.
用传票传唤证人参加审判。
writ was indorsed with details of the plaintiff's
claim.
传票上详细批注了原告的主张。
were accused of demanding payment with
threats.
他们被指控用威胁方式提出付款要求。
Part 5 Judge
1.A good judge can extend the boundary
of justice.
2.A judge cannot be witness
in his own cause.
3.A judge cannot
punish a wrong done to himself.
4.A
judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts,
even if guilty of fraud and corruption.
upright judge has more regard to
justice than to me.
the judge departs
from the sentencing
guideline
量刑指南
range he must have a lawful
reason for such a departure.
shall handle cases impartially and in
accordance with the law.
disputes that
arise in any society are not handled through the
court system.
one can be at once
suitor
起诉人
and
judge.
one can be judge in his own
case.
cing
量刑
is at the discretion of the judge.
chaiman of the tribunal asked to see
all the facts on the income tax claim.
judge was appointed to sit in a special case.
magistrates
治安法官
committed her for trial at the Crown
Court
英国刑事法庭
.
judge accepted the defendant's undertaking not to
harass the plaintiff.
judge decided in
favor of plaintiff.
judge disallowed
the defense evidence
辩护证据
.
3
judge exceeded his powers in criticizing the court
of appeal.
judge found that the
plaintiff's pleadings disclosed no cause of
action
案由
.
judge
heard the case in chamber
.
judge must not hear the evidence or the
representations from one side behind the
back of the other
.
法官不得背着一方当事人去听取另一方的证据或陈述
judge ordered the actions to be
consolidated.
诉讼合并审理（
joinder
of proceedings
）
judge refused the
application
申请
, on the ground
that he had a judicial descretion to
examine inadmissible
evidene
不被采信的证据
.
judge revised his earlier decision not to consider
a submission from defense counsel.
judge warned counsel
律师
not to
诱导证人
prompt
the witness.
judge
was
of
the
opinion
that
if
the
evidence
was
doubtful
the
claim
should
be
dismissed.
justices were
ordered to rehear the information.
Lord Justice
上诉法院法官
said he was not laying down guideline
for sentencing
现在没
有制定判刑的标准
.
judge consented
to
同意
the request
of the prosecution
counsel
控方律师
.
practice of the judge is the interpreter of law.
Part 6
法理（
Jurisprudence
）
1.A subsequent ratification has a
retrospective affect, and be equivalent to a prior
command.
事后追认有溯及力，等同先前命令。
te power corrupts absolutely.
绝对权力绝对腐败。
ss and
justice in a jurisdiction are realized case by
case being settled properly.
司法的公平和正义是通过案件逐一得到妥善解决予以实现的。
a thief enough rope and he'll hang
himself.
多行不义必自毙。
order in the foundation of all things.
良好的秩序是一切之基础。
nce
of law excuses no one.
不知法不能成为任何人逃避法律的借口。
a healthy legal system the values of
order and justice are not normally at cross-
purposes.
在健全的法律制度下，秩序与正义这两个价值一般不会冲突。
doubt, the milder course is to be
followed.
遇到疑义时应遵循从宽原则。
y is shield, not a sword.
未成年可作为抗辩之理由，但不能作为攻击之借口。
is an important step to replace the
rule of men with the rule of law in China's
justice
reforms.
4
以法治代替人治是中国司法改革的重要一步。
is better to fight for justice than to
rail at the ill.
与其责骂罪恶
,
不如伸张正义。
e must not
only be done, but must be seen to be done.
正义不仅应得到实现，而且还应以人们看得见的方式得到实现。
right be done, though the heavens
fall.
秉公办事，何惧天塌下来。
reason makes like law.
相似的理由导致相似的规则。
man should benefit from his own injustice.
没有人应当从自己的过错中获益。
has a more sacred obligation to obey the law than
those who make the law.
法律制定者比谁都更具有守法之神圣义务。
who comes to equity must come with
clean hands.
自身清白方能获得衡平救济。
ways cannot change folkways.
国家手段不能改变社会习俗。
ssion of the truth is the expression of
what is false.
抑压真相，犹如作伪。
history
of
liberty
has
largely
been
the
history
of
the
observance
of
procedural
safeguards.
自由的历史在很大程度上是遵守程序保障条款的历史。
place governs the act.
场所支配行为。
rules
must not be constantly changing.
规则不得朝令夕改。
same
transaction may give rise to both a civil and a
criminal action.
同一活动可能导致民事和刑事诉讼。
spoken word flies; the written word remains.
口说无凭
,
立些为证。
few are punished, the fear of
punishment affects all.
惩一儆百。
is afraid
of nothing but concealment.
真相无所惧，惟怕被隐瞒。
must follow a strict interpretation of the rules.
我们必须对规则严格解释。
pardons the bad, injures the good.
宽恕坏人必伤及好人。
5
t
judicial review,statutory limits would be naught
but empty words.
没有司法审查
,
法定权限将只是一句空话。
laws
make short government.
法制不健全
,
统治也短命。
Part 7 Law
1.A
later statute takes away the effect of a prior
one.
后法优于前法。
and
laws do not flourish together
.
武力与法律不同时兴盛。
t
makes law.
合意产生法律。
has the force of law.
民俗具有法律效力。
s,religions and philosophies tend to
form the basis for a nation's laws
风俗、宗教和哲学常是一个国家法律构成之基础。
is a correction of common legal rules
in their defective parts.
衡平法是对普通法律规则中瑕疵部分的矫正。
as otherwise provided by law.
法律另有规定的除外。
law
has a loop hole.
凡是法律皆有漏洞。
law has no atom of strength, as far as
no public opinion supports in.
若无公众舆论支持，法律是没有丝毫力量的。
civilized life, law floats in a sea of
ethics.
在文明社会
,
法律依
靠道德所支撑。
can hardly be taken
to be a guarantee that every law shall treat every
person the same.
不能保证每一部法律都能平等地对待每一个人。
can never be enforced unless fear
supports it.
没有威慑力的法律绝对不会具有效力。
does not compel a man to do what he is
impossible to perform.
法律不能强迫人去做不可为之事。
governs man, reason the law.
法律管人
,
理性管法律。
is
a pervasive feature of social life that profoundly
affects us.
法在社会生活中无处不在
,
深该地影响着我们。
is an
exercise in communication between authority and
the public.
法律是当权者与大众之间进行交流的一种运作方式。
6
is an ordinance of reason for the
common good.
法律是维护公众利益的理性条令。
is an utterance determined by the
common consent of the commonwealth.
法律是全体公民一致同意所决定的意见之表达。
is both an instrument of change and a
result of changes.
法律是变革的工具又是诸多变革的结果。
is established for the benefit of man.
法是为了人类利益而制定的。
is
law, just or not.
无论正义与否，法律就是法律。
is mind without reason.
法律是无由的理念。
is
order
, and good law is good
order
.
法律即秩序
,
好的法律形成良好的秩序。
is the
crystallization of the habit and thought of
society.
法律是社会习俗和思想的结晶。
is the science of what is good and
just.
法乃善良公平之道。
must be stable and it cannot stand still.
法律必须保持稳定但却不能一成不变。
that is deficient is better than law
that is uncertain.
有瑕疵的法律胜于不确定的法律。
are made to prevent the stronger from having the
power to do everything.
法律旨在防止强者滥用权力为所欲为。
are gentle are seldom obeyed; too
severe, seldom executed.
法律过于温和难于遵守
;
过于严酷则难于执行。
crime without law making it so; no
penalty without law making it so.
法无明文规
定者不为罪
,
法无明文规定者不处罚。
one is above the law.
任何人不能凌驾于法律之上。
with the law is a majority.
谁拥有法律，谁就是大多数。
ly
any law can be made which is beneficial to all;
but if it benefits the majority it is
useful.
法律难顾及全民，于大众有利已足。
ntial law defined rights, and
procedural law establishes the procedures by which
rights are protected and enforced.
实体法界定权利，程序法则制定保护和实施权利的程序。
7
definition of law depends on how we
look at its purposes or functions.
法律的定义取决于我们如何看它的目的或功能。
end of law is not abolish or restrain,
but to preserve and enlarge freedom.
法律的目的不是废除或约束而是维护并扩大自由。
first of all laws is to respect the
laws.
尊重法律是最首要的法律。
law cannot make all men equal, but
they are all equal before the law.
法律不能使人人平等，但在法律面前人人是平等的。
law does not concern itself about
family trifles.
法律难断家务事。
law holds no man responsible for the
act of god.
法律规定人毋为天灾负责。
law is the witness and external
deposit of our moral life.
法乃吾人道德生活之见证人和外壳。
law never suffers anything contrary to truth.
法律决不容忍违反真理的事情。
law often allows what honor forbids.
法律允许的而道德上常常禁止。
law on libel is considered too lenient.
反诽谤法被认为太宽大了。
law
protects citizens who are wrongfully deprived of
their liberty by another
.
法律护市民不被他人非法剥夺自由。
law was made for man and not man for the law.
法是为人而制定的
,
人不是法而生就的。
law will catch up with him in
the end.
法网恢恢，疏而不漏。
legal source of the privilege varies
from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
特权的法律渊源因管辖区的不同而异常。
more laws, the more offences.
法律越多，违法者越多。
new
regulations will come into force on January 1st. <
/p>
新规定将于
1
月
1
日生效。
powers and
duties are confered on the tribunal by the
statutory code.
成文法典赋于法庭权力与责任。
reason of the law ceasing, the law itself ceases.
法律理由消失
,
法律本身也不存在。<
/p>
safety of the people is the
supreme law.
人民的安全是最高的法律。
8
strictest law sometimes becomes the
severest injustice.
最严厉的法律有时会变成最大的不公。
document is legally binding.
该文件具有法律的约束力。
law
is in abeyance.
此法暂缓执行。
law has become a dead
letter
.
此法已成为一纸空文。
law
will go into effect on the day if its
promulgation.
本法自公布之日起施行。
law ends, tyranny begins.
法律的终点便是暴政的起点。
there are uncertainties, there are no laws.
法律必须具有确定性。
Part 8
法院（
Court
）
1.A judicial
forum has nothing to do with what is not before
it.
法院不能主动寻找案件。
court found the accused guilty on all charges.
法庭裁决被告犯有所有被指控的罪行。
court has made an order for specific
performance.
法院已经做出强制履行裁定。
court ordered the company's funds to
be seized.
法院命令没收公司资金。
court recorded an open verdict on the
dead policeman.
法庭对警察死因不明的裁决作了记录。
court returned a verdict of death by
misadventure.
法院裁定为意外事故死亡。
was acting on the authority of the
court.
她按法院给她的权力做事。
weeks elapsed before the court order
was put into effect.
六周后法院命令才生效。
court asked for details of the background to the
case.
法院要求了解案件详细的背景情况。
court asked the accused to show good
cause why he should not be sent to prison.
法院让被告拿出他不应该被监禁的充足的理由。
court dismissed the action.
法院驳回诉讼。
9
court extended the defendant's time for serving
his defense by fourteen days.
法院把被告送交答辩
状的时间延长了
14
天。
court followed the precedent set in
1926.
法庭遵循
1926
年的先
例。
court granted the
company a two-week stay of execution.
法院准予公司延缓两周执行。
court heard evidence from a fingerprint expert.
法院听取了指纹专家的证词。
court held that there was no to answer
.
法院裁定无案件事实可辩。
court is not competent to try the case.
该法院无权审理该案件。
court
ordered
certiorari
following
judicial
review,
quashing
the
order
made
by
the
juvenile court.
< br>在司法复审后
,
该法院命令调取案卷
,
撤销了少年法院的裁决
.
court ordered the bailiffs to seize his property
because he has not paid his fine.
法院命令执行官扣押他的财产
,
因为他没交纳罚款。
court
ordered the case to be retried.
法院命令重审此案。
court's opinion was that the case should be heard
inter parties as soon as possible.
法院的意见是该案应在双方当事人在场的情况下尽快审理
.
court recorded a plea of not guilty.
法院对无罪抗辩作了记载。
court took the view that the defendant's plea was
equivocal.
法院持有这样的观点
,
即被告的答辩是模棱两可的。
court
will decide on the admissibility of the evidence.
法庭将对证据的可采性进行裁决。
Crown Court directed the justices to rehear the
case.
刑事法院命令治安官重新审理该案。
decision of the court runs counter to
the advice of the clerk to the justice.
法庭的裁决与法官书记官的意见相悖。
granting of an injunction is at the
discretion of the court.
强制令的签发属于法院的自由裁量权。
tribunal decided against awarding any
damages.
法庭裁决不予任何损害赔偿。
tribunal should act in good faith.
法庭必须公正执法。
tribunal's ruling has established a precedent.
法庭的裁决确立了一个先例。
10
Part 9
Offense
1.A crime is a
behavior within the definition of the provisions
of the criminal law and should be
subject to criminal penalty.
犯罪是刑法规定范畴的应应承担刑事责任的行为
.
2.A crime is the behavior that is
harmful to the society and should be punished with
criminal
penalty.
犯罪是具有社会危害性应当受到刑罚处罚的行为
.
3.A sin takes in everything done, said
and willed against right reason.
罪包含所有违背正确理性的行为、言词和意志
.
4.A witness's credibility noticeably
diminishes as the enormity of the crime or the
unlikeliness
of its circumstances
increase.
罪行越严重
,
情
节越是难以置信的
,
证据的尺度越应严格
.
act
does not make a person guilty of a crime unless
the mind is also guilty.
没有主观过错的行为不会令人行为人有责
.
intoxicated person who commits a crime
shall bear criminal responsibility.
醉酒者犯罪应负刑事责任
.
selling alcohol to minors, he shop is deliberately
flouting the law.
向未成年人出售烈性酒
,
是商店故意犯罪
.
al
responsibility is to be borne for negligent crimes
only when the law so provides.
过失犯罪
,
法律有规定的才负刑事责任。
als responsibility shall be borne for
intentional crimes.
故意犯罪
,
应当负刑事责任。
al are
sick; they should be patients, not prisoners.
罪犯都是病态的
,
他们应该是病人
,
而不是囚犯
.
ne
is held to be innocent until he is proved guilty.
凡不能被证明有罪者均是无辜的
.
ty of pardon is an incentive to crime.
轻易赦免罪过
,
实际是鼓励犯罪。
the killer what he deserves.
予杀人者以应得之罪。
the
sin but not the sinner
.
可恨的是罪行而非罪人。
carried out a felonious act.
他犯了重罪。
confessed
to the crime during his interrogation.
在讯问中他供认了犯罪。
denied being in the house at the time of the
murder
.
他否认当谋杀发生时他在住宅内
.
11
pleads not guilty to murder but guilty to
manslaughter
.
他承认犯有非预谋杀人罪而非谋杀罪
.
tried to establish his innocence.
他试图确定自己无罪。
turned over a new leaf.
他洗心革面
,
重新做人
.
was
accused of murder
.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
was
arrested for disorderly conduct in the street.
他因在街上有妨害治安行为而被捕。
was arrested on suspicion of being an accessory to
the crime.
他因涉嫌同谋犯罪被捕。
was brought to court and charged with
rape.
他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。
was charged with trafficing in drugs.
他被指控贩卖毒品。
was
cleared of all charges.
他被洗去所有指控罪名。
was
found guilty by the court-martial and sentenced to
imprisonment.
军事法庭判他有罪并判他坐牢。
was found guilty of gross dereliction
of duty.
他被判严重玩忽职守。
was indicted for murder
.
他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
was
prosecuted for embezzlement.
他被指控犯罪侵占信托财产。
was sent to prison for six months for
embezzlement.
他因侵占资产被监六个月。
to the criminal may be cruelty to the
people.
对犯罪的仁慈是对人民的残忍。
tion of a libel is an offence.
重复诽谤是一种犯罪行为。
intercourse with a girl under sixteen is an
offence.
与
16
岁以下的女
孩性交是一种犯罪行为
.
was sent to
prison for blackmail.
因犯有敲诈罪她被送进监狱。
crime was premeditated.
犯罪是预谋好的。
12
company was guilty of evading the VAT regulations.
该公司犯有逃避增值税规定罪。
suspects were placed in detention.
嫌疑犯被拘留。
suspect
was apprehended at the scene of the crime.
嫌疑犯在犯罪现场被捕。
theft comes into the category of petty crime.
偷窃属于轻罪。
Part 10 Citizens' right
equal has no dominion over another equal.
平等者之间无支配权可言。
law
that violates the indefeasible rights of man is
essentially unjust and tyrannical.
凡违反基本人权的法律都是无理和专制的。
ns shall the right of inheritance under
the law.
公民依法享有财产继承权。
man has his own right proper to him
and he is forbidden to violate the rights of
others.
每个人都有自固有的权利
,
< br>任何人不得侵犯他人的权利
.
ne has
right to freedom of expression.
每个人都享有言论自由。
ne is
equal before the law.
法律面前人人平等。
ne's
right to life shall be protected by law.
每个人的生命权利都应受法律保护。
in time, first in right.
在先权利优先。
has no
authorization to act on our behalf.
他没有代表我们做事的授权。
has a legitimate claim to the property.
他是此财产的合法主张人。
remedies no rights.
无救济无权利。
rights can
rest on
one person
without
a
corresponding
duty
resting
on
some
other
person or
persons.
没有无义务的权利。
rights pass without physical delivery.
无实物交付便无权利转移。
transfer of a right requires the will of the
recipient as well as of the transferee.
权利的转让既要求有接受者的意志
,
也要求有转让者的意志
.
13
very
essence
of
civil
liberty
consists
in
the
right
of
every
individual
to
claim
the
protection of the laws whenever he
suffers an injury.
公民自由的精髓在于一旦受到伤害
,
每个公民都有请求法律保护的权利
.
16
、
The violation
of such an interest is a legal wrong and gives
rise to a legal right.
侵犯此种权益就是违法过错并导致法律权利的产生
.
right does not obtain in judicial
proceedings.
该权利无法通过司法程序得到。
are certain rights, sometimes called
imperfect rights, which the law recognizes but
will not enforce directly.
某
些权利有时被称为不完全权利
,
它们为法律所认可但却不能直接
予以执行
.
y is the right to do
whatever the laws permit.
自由是指在法律范围内行为的权利。
is an enforceable claim to performance, action or
forbearance by another
.
权利是一
种可要求他人履行
,
作为或不作为的可予以强制执行的主张
.
Part 11
公司法（
Company
law
）
1.A company
director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.
公司董事应对公司负责受托人责任。
2.A company is regarded by the law as a
person: an artificial person.
公司被法律规为
人
一个拟制人
.
enterprise as a legal
person shall conduct operations within the range
approved and
registered.
企业法人应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营
.
is director appointed under the
articles of the company.
他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。
to application for registration, the share capital
must be stipulated in the Articles and
all shares must be subscribed.
< br>在申请登记注册前，在公司章程中必须载明股本额，并且所有股份必须认购完毕。
chairman was personally liable for the
company's debts.
董事长对公司债务承担个人责任。
company has complied with the court
order
.
公司遵守了法院的命令。
company has fulfilled all the terms of the
agreement.
公司已经履行了全部协议中的条款。
company intends to sue for damages.
公司打算提起索赔之诉。
company is controlled by the majority
shareholder
.
该公司受控股股东的控制。
14
company is presumed to be still solvent.
公司被推定仍有偿还能力。
company is resisting the takeover bid.
该公司正在抵制以接管为目的的高价征购股份
.
company's action was completely legal.
公司的行为完全合法。
domicile of a legal person or other organization
is at the place of its principal business
establishment.
法人和其他非法人组织以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。
legal
adviser
recommended
applying
for an
injunction against
the
directors
of
the
company.
法律顾问建议申请针对公司董事会的强制令。
major methods used to reconstitute the
company are acquisition of companies and
merging.
公司重组的方式有公司收购和公司兼并。
profits
and
losses
of
the
equity
joint
venture
shall
be
shared
by
the
parties
in
proportion to their contributions of
the registered capital.
合资企业各方应按其出资额在注册
资本中的比例分享利润及亏损
.
resolution
was invalid because the shareholder's meeting was
not quorate.
因股东大会不够法定人数
,
故该决议无效。
right to
vote at shareholder's meetings for the election of
directors shall be observed.
应该遵守股东大会上投票选举董事的表决权。
two companies have merged.
两个公司已经兼并。
Part 12 Jurisdiction
is a principle of first importance
that federal courts are courts of limited
jurisdiction.
联邦法院是有限管辖权法院
,<
/p>
这是首要原则
.
iction
determines which court system should properly
adjudicate a case.
什么法院体系适合审判某一案件应由管辖权决定
.
ons of jurisdiction also arise
regarding quasi-judicial bodies, such as
administrative
agencies.
准司法
机构
,
如行政机构等也会出现管辖权问题
.
case falls within the competence of
the court.
该案在这个法院的管辖权范围内。
choice
of
jurisdiction
of
a
court
by
agreement
shall
not
violate
the
provisions
of
exclusive jurisdiction under the law.
协议选择的法院管辖不得违反法律关于专属管辖的规定
.
15
court held that exercise of personal
jurisdiction must meet the requirements of due
process.
法院裁定行使人身管辖权必须符合正当程序要件
.
federal courts have usually
interpreted the matters of jurisdiction rather
strictly.
在解释管辖权事项时联邦法院一直比较严格
.
jurisdictional amount is set by
statute and is currently $$80,000.
案件标的管
辖权由法律规定
,
目前是
80,000
美元
.
matter does
not fall within the jurisdiction of the High
Court.
该事项不在高等法院管辖权范围之内
.
start a civil suit the plaintiff first
picks the proper court, one that has jurisdiction
in the
case.
原告要提民事诉讼
,
首先要找到对该案件有管辖权的恰当的法院
.
Part 13 International law
1.A state alone can perform acts of
sovereignty on its territory.
只有国家能在自己的领土上行使主行为。
sovereign and equal to others, a state
has certain rights and corresponding duties.
作为独立、平等的主权国，既享有某些权利，也承担相应的责任义务。
sides claimed the other side broke the
peace agreement.
双方者声称对方破坏了和平协议。
state has the duty to refrain from use of force
against the territorial integrity of any
other state.
任何国家都负有不得使用武力侵犯别国领土完整的责任。
claimed diplomatic immunity to avoid
being arrested.
为避免被捕
,
他声称享有外交豁免权。
passport
is out of date.
他的护照已过期。
l immigrants are deported.
非法移民要被驱逐出国。
of
the most flagrant of infringement of independence
of States is intervention.
公然侵犯国家独立的行为之一是干涉。
international law has been regarded as
a system of principles and rules signed to
govern relations between sovereign
states.
国际公法一直被视为是调整主权国之关系的一套原则和规则。
beginnings of international law as it
is known today re usually traced to the 16th and
17th centuries.
如今的国际法的起源通常应
追溯到
16
和
17
世纪。
16
Part 14 Negligence
the other person act negligently?
他人的行为是否有过失？
you
are more than 50 percent, you may not be able to
recover damages in the negligence
action.
如果你的责任超过
5
0%
，你在此过失诉讼中便有可能无法得到赔偿金。
most civil contexts it does not matter
whether negligence is
在多数民事事项环境中
,
过失行为是否
严重
或
轻微
并不关紧要
.
most
states contributory negligence has been superceded
by comparative negligence.
在多数州
< br>,
混合过失已经被比较过失取代。
regard to negligence, think of duty
broadly as an obligation to protect the safety of
others.
在论及过失时，应当视责任为广义的保护他人安全的义务。
ntary
manslaughter
过失杀人
can be based on criminal negligence.
非故意非预谋杀人罪可基于过失犯罪而成立。
ence can also be a criminal offense.
过失行为也可能成为犯罪。
y
negligence is a tort.
过失行为通常是侵犯行为。
could bring a claim of negligence against the
railroad company.
你可以对铁路公司提起过失主张。
have the grounds for a negligence action.
你有理由提起过失之诉。
Part 15 Customs & tariff
imports must be declared to customs.
所有过口货物必须报关。
long
will it take us to pass through Customs?
办完通关手续要多长时间？
retaliation tariff, preferential tariff is used as
a weapon in international relations.
与报
复性关税一样，特惠关税在国际关系中也被当成一种武器使用
.
customs formalities for the
exportation of the following cargo have been duly
completed.
下列货物的出关手续已正式结清。
Customs Bureau accepts certain foreign
exports free of duty.
海关总署允许免税进口几种外国货。
duty on automobiles will be abolished soon.
汽车关税即将被取消。
government decided to raise tariff walls against
foreign goods.
政府决定提高关税壁垒以抵制外国货。
penalties for cheating customs are
very severe.
17
关税欺诈所受的惩罚非常重。
shutouts will soon be sent to the warehouse.
退关货物很快被存入仓库。
impose a heavy duty on the imports of steel is
unreasonable.
对钢材进口征收高关税是无道理的。
Part 16
合伙（
Partne
rship
）
1.A
partnership is an association of two or more
persons to carry on a business for profit.
合伙企业指的是两个或两个以上的个人为牟利而组成的商事联合体。
partner is viewed as the other's
agent.
每个合伙人都被视为是其他合伙人的代理人。
partner may take part in the
management of the partnership business.
每个合伙人都可以参与合伙企业的业务管理。
partnership is one in which the
partners are members of a family.
家庭合伙是指合伙人均为一个家庭成员的合伙。
partner shall be entitled to
remuneration for acting in the partnership
business.
任何合伙人均无权因参与合伙企业业务活动而获得报酬。
rs
are
taxed
as
individuals
and
are
personally
liable
for
torts
and
contractual
obligations.
合伙人按个人纳税，且以个人名义承担侵权和合同责任。
it is a limited partnership, it need
not be established in writing.
除非属于有限责任性质，合伙关系无须以书面缔结。
other
partners
shall,
under
the
same
condition,
enjoy
priority
in
obtaining
the
assignment.
在同等条件下，其他合伙人有优先购买权。
partnership books are to be kept at
the place of business of the partnership or the
principal place.
合伙企业的账簿应保存在企业营业处或企业本部。
ionally,a firm is referred to a
partnership, as opposed to company.
按惯例
,firm
是指合伙企业，与公司相对。
Part 17 Contract &
agreement
1.A contract cannot arise out
of an illegal act.
违法行为不足不约。
2.A contract is established when the
acceptance becomes effective.
承诺生效即合同成立。
3.A
contract may be modified if the parties reach a
consensus through consultation.
当事人协商一致即可以变更合同。
18
4.A person is not liable for debts
contracted during his minority.
一个人无须对他在未成年时期的合同债务承担责任。
5.A transaction between two parties
ought not to operate to the disadvantage of a
third.
合约不约束第三人。
acceptance once given cannot be revoked unless the
offeror consents.
除非要约人同意，承诺一经做出即不得撤回。
acceptance is a statement made by the
offeror indicating assent to an offer
.
承担是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。
offeror may withdraw an offer at any
time before it has been accepted.
在要约被受要约人接受以前，要约人可以随进撤回要约。
amendment to this contract shall
become effective only by a written agreement by
Patry A and Party B.
对本合同的任何
修改，只有经甲、乙双方签署书面协议后方能生效。
annex is the integral part of this contract.
对本合同一切附件均为本合同的有效组成部分。
departure from the terms and
conditions of the contract must be advised in
writing.
任何与合同条款相背离的地方，都应以书面形式通知。
failure by a party to carry out all or
part of his obligations under the contract shall
be
considered as a substantial breach.
一方当事人不履行本合同的全总或任何部分义务均应被视为是根本违约。
party has no right to terminate
this contract without another party's agreement.
未经另一方当事人同意，任何当事人均无权终止合同。
violation of deadlines contained in
the contract will equate to breach of contract.
凡违反合同规定的任何期限都等同违约。
ct law is initially concerned with
determining what promises the law will enforce or
recognize as creating legal rights.
合同法首先涉及确认哪些许诺可以作为创设的法律权利而由法律强制实施或承认。
es of void contracts are those
entered into as a result of misrepresentation,
duress
or undue influence.
因欺诈、胁迫和乘人之危而签订的合同属于可撤销合同。
is incompetent to sign the contract.
他没有签署合同的行为能力。
reasonably believes that there will be a
fundamental non-performance of the contract
by the other party.
他有理由认为对方当事人将会根本违约。
signed a covenant against under
letting the premises.
他签署了一个反对廉价出租屋的契约。
was incapable of fulfilling the terms
of the contract.
他没有能力履行合同条款。
19
a contract
becomes invalid, the validity of its independently
existing clauses pertaining
to the
settlement of disputes shall not be affected.
合同无效并不影响合同中独立存在的有关解决争议方法的条款的效力。
a minor ratifies a contract upon
reaching the age of majority, he or she is then
bound to
it.
如未成年人在达到法定年龄时追认
合同，他
/
她便应受合同之约束。
any of the above-mentioned clauses is
inconsistent with the following additional
clauses,
the latter is to be taken as
authentic.
以上任何条款如与下列附加条款相抵触，以下列附加条款为准。
there
are
provisions
as
otherwise
stated
in
respect
to
contracts
in
other
laws,
such
provisions shall be followed.
其他法律对合同另有规定，应依照这些规定。
there is no acceptance, by definition
there is no contract.
按照定义，没有承诺合同便不能成立。
case of heavy losses, failure of a
party to fulfill the obligations prescribed by the
contract
of force majeure, the contract
may be terminated.
如发严重亏损，一方不履行合同规定的义务或
不可抗力等，可提前终止合同。
ly
established contracts shall be protected by law.
依法成立的合同应受法律保护。
insurance contracts are indemnity contracts and
require the parties to exercise the
utmost good faith.
海上保险合同属于赔
偿合同，要求双方当事人尽到最大善意的义务。
change in or modification of this Agreement shall
be valid unless the same is made in
writing.
本协议之修改必须书面始生效力。
consideration, no contract.
合同无对价不成立。
special terms will be listed bellow.
甲、乙双方如有特殊约定将在下列另行规定。
A and B have reached an agreement
through friendly consultation to conclude the
following contract.
甲、乙双方，经友好协商一致，订立本合同。
s
hereto
may
revise
or
supplement
through
negotiation
matters
not
mentioned
herein.
本合同如有未尽事宜，双方可协商修订或补充。
t will be held up until the contract
has been signed.
付款将延期到合同签订。
amend your copy of the contract
accordingly.
请将你的合同文本做相应的修正。
20
es resulting from either express or an
implied agreement can be enforced.
明示协定或默示协定所产生的允诺都可具有强制力。
did not abide by the terms of the
agreement.
她没有遵守协议的条款。
agreement is binding on all parties.
该协议对各方当事人都有约束力。
agreement of the parties is subject to review and
approval of the board of directors.
当事人的协议须经董事会的审查和批准。
conditions of the contract are still
to be determined.
合同条件还有待确定。
contact has been engrossed ready for
signature.
合同已正式写成等待签署。
contract has to be signed in the
presence of two witnesses.
该合同必须在两个证人出席的情况下签署。
contract was declared null and void.
合同被宣告无效。
contract was annuled by the court.
合同被法院废止。
express
agreement of parties overcomes the law.
双方当事人的明示协议胜过法律。
following documents shall be deemed to form and be
read and construed as an integral
part
of this contract.
下列文件应被认为、读做、解释为本合同的组成部分。
issue of this action is the date of
the contract.
这案件的急论点是合约的日期。
parties may dissolve the contract upon
consensus through consultation.
当事人协商一致，可以解除合同。
parties shall, when making a contract, have
corresponding capacity for civil rights and
civil conduct.
当事人订立合同，应当具有相
应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。
parties to
a contract shall fully fulfill their obligations
pursuant to the terms of the
contract.
合同的双方录事人应当按照合同的约定，合部履行自己的义务。
parties to the contract have equal
legal status, and neither party may impose its
will
in the other
.
合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自已的意志强加给另一方。
use of a prescribed contract form can
reduce the uncertainty.
格式化合同的采用可以减少不确定性。
21
took the unilateral decision to cancel
the contract.
他们单方面决定撤消合同。
Agreement and the schedules hereto
constitute the entire agreement between the
parties relating to the subject mater
hereof.
本协议及其附件构成双方关于本协议标的之完整协议。
contract is executed in three
counterparts, all of which are considered as
originals and
of the same effect.
本合同一式三份，均应视为原件，具有同等效力。
contract will be effective after being
signed by both parties.
本合同一经双方签字后立即生效。
offer will be lapsed automatically after the time
limit.
这项要约在期限过后，便会自动失效。
hereby revoke the agreement of May 8,
2004.
这项特此宣告
2004
年
5
月
8
日的协
议无效。
is left unmentioned in
contract may be added there as an appendix.
本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
have
to
get
the
permission
of
all
the
signatories
to
the
agreement
if
you
want
to
change the terms.
如果你要改动条款必须获得协议所有签署者的允许。
Part 18
和解（
Settlement
）
iation is a procedure in which a public
organ stands between the parties in order to try
to solve a civil dispute by their
mutual consent.
调解是公务机关介入当事人之间，没法根据当事人的
协议解决民事纠纷的一种程序。
significant
controversies may be settled through mediation.
即便是重大的争议都有可能通过调解解决。
a claim is settled on behalf of a
child of patient, the agreement is not binding
until it is
approved by the court.
以未成年人或病人名义和解诉讼主张，如无法院批准，此种协议没有拘束效力。
< br>
nts of the two parties may
reconcile of their own accord.
双方当事人可以自行和解。
-of-
court settlement is specially appropriate as
applied to disputes that are resolved
instituting litigation.
庭外调解专门适用于没有起诉的争端之解决。
bill of mediation becomes legally
effective after it has been delivered to the
litigants and
signed by them.
调解书交双方当事人签收后，即具有法律效力。
parties reached a settlement the day
before trial.
在案件审判前一天，双方当事人达成和解协议。
22
money paid in such a settlement is often termed
nuisance money.
在此种调解中支付的费用经常被称为摆脱诉讼滋扰费。
are hoping to reach an out-of-court
settlement.
他们希望庭外和解。
end the lawsuit, they reached an
agreement resolving differences by mutual
concessions.
为终结诉讼，他们各自让步就解决争议达成协议。
Part 19 Environment
protection
act that is
destructive to the environment may be criminalized
by statute.
破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。
rge pipes directly take pollutants away
from the plant into the river
.
排泄管道直接将污染物从工厂排入河流。
nmental impact reports are required
under many circumstances by federal and state
law.
根椐联邦和州的法律规定，在许多情况下都要求提供
环境影响报告书。
nmental law heavily
intertwined with administrative law.
环保与行政法紧密纠缠在一起。
nmental problems directly affect the
quality of people's lives.
环境问题直接影响人们的生活质量。
1970,a
federal
agency
was
created
to
coordinate
governmental
action
to
protect
environment.
1970
年，成立了一个联邦机构以协调政府的环保行为。
environmental litigation involves disputes with
governmental agencies.
许多环保诉讼都涉及与政府机构的争端。
ion is legally controlled and enforced
through various federal and state laws.
污染受法律控制，并由联邦和州各种法规强制执行。
federal government promulgated the
Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act.
联邦政府颁布了《水清洁法》和《空气清洁法》
。
law
requires
a
detailed
analysis
of
the
potential
impact
on
the
environment
of
a
proposed project.
法律规定要对拟订项目对环境的潜在影响作详尽的分析。
Part 20 Marriage & family
life
ed or mercenary marriage and any
other acts of interference with the freedom of
marriage are forbidden.
包办、买卖婚姻和其他任何干涉婚姻自由的行为都是被禁止的。
y of the children was awarded to the
mother
.
儿童的监护权已判给母亲。
23
petitioned for
divorce on account of the breakdown of their
marriage.
她以婚姻关系破裂为由申请离婚。
was granted a divorce on the grounds
of unreasonable behavior by her husband.
基于丈夫的无理行为，她被允许离婚。
adopter may adopt one child only, male
or female.
收养人只能收养一名子女。
court presumes the maintenance
payments are being paid on time.
法院推定扶养费是按时支付的。
payments were made according to the maintenance
order
.
按法院扶养令进行了付款。
marriage broke down and they separated.
他们的婚姻破裂，两人分居。
went to see a marriage guidance
counselor
.
他们去找婚姻指导顾问。
validates a marriage is the consent of the
parties, not their cohabitation.
合法的婚姻以双方合意为要件，而不因同居事实成立。
Part 21 Shipping & maritime
law
the carrier issues a
bill of lading for which there are no goods, the
carrier is likely to be
liable to the
holder
.
如果承运人签发空头提单，承运人有可能要对持票人承担责任。
case of quarantine the property may be
discharged at the risk and expense of woners into
quarantine depot or elsewhere.
< br>因检疫之故可在检疫地或其他地方卸货，风险和费用由货主承担。
g
in
this
section
shall
limit
the
right
of
the
carrier
to
require
the
prepayment
or
guarantee of the charges.
本条
款之任何规定不得限制承运人提出支付预付费或费用担保之要求。
adjustment of general average is
governed by the rules agreed by the parties to it.
共同海损理算，适用当事人约定的理算规则。
owner
or
consigner
shall
pay
the
freight
and
average
and
all
other
lawful
charges
accruing on said
property.
货主或收货人应当支付运费、海损费以及就上述货物所发生的一切
其他费用。
Seller shall not be
responsible for the delay of shipment of non-
delivery of the goods
due to force
majeure.
因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟次货，卖方不负责任。
shipment came with fake documentation.
装运发来的货物用的是伪造单据。
shipper shall hold the carriers harmless from any
expense they may incur
.
发货人应赔偿承运人所发生的任何费用。
24
warehouse claims a lien for all lawful charges for
storage and preservation of the goods.
仓库主张对拖欠合法仓储保管费的货物享有留置权。
delivery is made by a common carrier
by water the foregoing provisions of this Act
shall apply.
如果交货人是水运公共承运人，应当适用本法律上述各项规定。
Part 22
Prosecutor(
检察官
)
prosecutorial misconduct results in a
mistrial, a later prosecution may be barred.
如果检察官的不轨行为导致审判无效
,
再行起诉可
能会被除数禁止
.
Great Britain, the
Attorney General prosecutes for the Grown in
certain cases.
在英国
,
检察总长在某些案件中代表王室进行公诉
.
some
places, public prosecutors are elected rather than
appointed.
在有些地方
,
检察官是经选举而非任命产生的
.
every
violation
of
law
can
be
prosecuted,
and
prosecutors
have
wide
discretion
in
deciding which to prosecute and which
to drop.
并非所有的违法行为都要被起诉
,
在决定是否起诉时检察官具有很大的自由栽量权
.
call your first witness,
Mr
. Prosecutor
.
检
察官先生
,
请传你的第一位证人
.
district attorney was appointed to
represent the state in criminal cases.
州地方检察官被任命在刑事案件中代表州政府进行公诉
.
independent counsel is in charge of
the investigation of the political scandal.
独立检察官负责调查该政治丑闻事件
.
prosecuting
attorney
represents
the
government
in
instituting
and
proceeding
with
criminal actions.
检察官代表政府提起并参与刑事诉讼
.
prosecutor decided to pursue the case
to the end.
检察官决定对此案穷追不舍
.
public
prosecutor must
prove
the
defendant's
act was
the proximate
cause
of the
injury.
检察官必须证明被告的行为是造成伤害的近因
.
Part 23 Traffic
was booked for driving on the wrong side of the
road.
他被指控占道驾驶
.
g
under the influence of alcohol is severely
forbidden.
严禁洒后驾车
.
one should observe the traffic
regulations.
人人都应遵守交通规则
.
de by automobile is a special category
of homicide recognized in some states.
25
汽车肇事杀人罪是一些州所规定的特定类别的非预谋杀人罪
.
was fined $$10 for speeding.
玛丽因超速驾车被罚款
10
美元
.
driver had an excessive amount of
alcohol in his blood.
该司机血液里的酒精过量
.
guidelines lay down rules for dealing with traffic
offences.
基本原则规定了处理交通肇事规则
.
tribunal's terms of reference do not
cover traffic offences.
法庭的授权调查事项不包括交通肇事罪
.
traffic court has jurisdiction over
violation of statutes governing the use of roads
and
motor vehicles.
交通法庭有权管辖违反道路和车辆法规的事件
.
c police is a section of the police
concerned with problems on the roads.
交通警察是处理道路交通问题的那部分警察
.
Part 24 Loan & lease
the lessor signs the lease, the lessee
must receive a copy of the contract.
在出
租人签署租赁合同之前
,
承租人必须要收到合同副本
.
you have sufficient cover for
this loan?
你有这笔贷款的足够担保吗
?
the loan, he could have a lien placed
on your home.
因为此笔贷款
,
他对你的住房享有留置权
.
mate loan
relationships are protected by law.
合法的借贷关系受法律保护
.
wanted to use a loan to buy a new home.
她想用贷款购买新房
.
term
of the loan is fifteen years.
贷款期限为
15
年
.
have
a short lease on our current premises.
我们有一个短期租赁现有房屋的合同
.
were granted the lease on condition
the they paid the legal costs.
在支付法定费用的条件下他们可获得租赁权
.
leases are coterminous.
这些租赁合同同时终止
.
interest on a loan may not be deducted from the
principal in advance.
借款的利息不得预先在本金中扣除
.
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