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UNIT 1.
1.
那位教授很可能在他唯
一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。
The professor might probably have
delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in
the absence of
his solitary student.
2.
现
行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。
The present educational system has been
under attack from the public, who have begun to
realize
the harm the system has done to
students.
3.
老师告
诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。
The professor told those seniors that
he would take attendance every time because
attendance at
this course was
compulsory.
4.
我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。但是很抱歉我无法去
,
因为我有一大堆事情要做。
I’d
love to go to your housewarming party, but I’m
sorry I can’t make it because I’ve got a stack
of things to do.
5.
中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校
或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。
Youths
who
dropped
out
of
middle
school
can
resume
their
studies
at
night
school
or
through
television and correspondence courses.
6.
她
不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。
She didn’t like the famous writer’s
lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writer’s
autograph after
the lecture.
7.
我
对讲座制所体现的冷漠无情非常失望，
但是最终我还是无奈接受了它，
< br>并耐心等待成
为大三的学生。
I was disappointed at the impersonality
of the lecture system, but eventually I grew
resigned to the
system and waited
patiently to become a junior.
8.
我们不得不承认讲座体制会把
教师和学生天真的问题隔绝开来，
而这些问题很可能会引
起学生
很多有用的想法。
We have to admit
that the lecture sys
tem insulates a
teacher from students’ naive questions, which
could have triggered a line of useful
thought.
9.
我不同意那些评论家的意见。
你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。
对我而言，
这些结论很
有道理。
I don’t agree with those critics’
opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless;
they make a
good deal of sense to me.
10.
为了学生本身的缘故，
应该在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的，
内容以及要通过这门
课的要求。
For the sake
of the students, they should be told on the first
class about the objective and content
of the course and the requirements to
pass the course.
英译汉：
One problem
with lectures is that listening intelligently is
hard work. Reading the same material in
a textbook is a more efficient way to
learn because students can proceed as slowly as
they need to
until the subject matter
becomes clear to them.
听讲课存在的一个问题是：会听是很
难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法，
因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读
直到他们理解这些内容。
Even
simply paying attention is very difficult; people
can listen at a rate of four hundred to six
hundred
words
a
minute,
while
the
most
impassioned
professor
talks
at
scarcely
a
third
of
that
speed. This time lag between speech and
comprehension leads to daydreaming.
有时甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。
人们可以以每分钟
400-600
个字的速度听，
而最富有激
情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的
1/3
。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。
Many students believe years of watching
television have sabotaged their attention span,
but their
real problem is that
listening attentively is much harder than they
think.
很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保
持注意力的能力。
但是他们真正的问题是专心
听课比他们认为的
要难得多。
Lectures
will
never
entirely
disappear
from
the
university
scene
both
because
they
seem
to
be
economically
necessary
and
because
they
spring
from
a
long
tradition
in
a
setting
that
values
tradition for its own
sake. But the lectures too frequently come at the
wrong end of the students’
educational
careers
—
during
the
first
two
years,
when
they
most
need
close,
even
individual,
instruction.
讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。
一是因为讲课似乎从经济上是必需的，
二是讲课起源于
悠久的传
统，
而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。
但是，
< br>讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的
错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年，<
/p>
那时他们最需要密切的、
甚至是针对个体需要的
< br>指导。
If
lecture classes were restricted to juniors and
seniors, who are less in need of scholarly
nurturing
and
more
able
to
prepare
work
on
their
own,
they
would
be
far
less
destructive
of
students’
interests and
enthusiasms than the present system. After all,
students must learn to listen before
they can listen to learn.
<
/p>
如果讲课这一形式局限于三、
四年级的学生，
则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制
度小得多，
因
为三、
四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，
而且更有能
力自己制定学
习计划。毕竟，学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先要学会去听。<
/p>
UNIT 2
1.
这一地区的每一角落都将在
5<
/p>
年内得到供电
,
这是电力部长
2
年前许下的诺言。
Every nook and corner of the region
would be provided with electricity in five years.
This was the
pledge that the minister
of electricity had taken two years ago.
2.
由于要在不同地区做实地考察工作
,
他去年一年搬
了
4
次家，
虽然他每次都搬得很不情
愿。
In order to do field work
at different places, he moved four times last
year, though each time he
did it with
an ill grace.
3.
在离开这个杂乱无序、毒品充斥的小镇前，他把自
己所有值钱的家当都放到一起
并按一定的秩序存放
了起来。
Before
leaving this disordered, drug-ridden small town,
he gathered together in one place all his
valuable possessions and introduced
some semblance of order among them.
4.
她小时候家境贫寒，没有几件对她来说有意义的东西，
所以她拥有过的每一个玩
具都能勾起她串串回忆
Her family was poor when she was a
child. The things that mattered a great deal to
her were very
few. Therefore, every toy
she had played with could evoke a rush of
memories.
5.
整整一个小时，警察们在拥挤的楼群里艰难地行进，
寻找一位射杀了
5
人的在逃持
< br>枪者。
For an hour,
policemen threaded their way through the crowded
buildings, looking for an elusive
gunman who had shot five people.
6.
对很多人来说，旅行或离家外出一段时日是应对日常
单调乏味生活的一个有效手段。
For many people, traveling or staying
away from home for some time is an effective
antidote to
the humdrum activities of
everyday life.
7.
当今妇女比以前享有更加自由、独立的地位，因此她
们越来越不愿意屈从于丈夫的
专横暴虐。
Women today enjoy a freer, more
independent position than ever before, and are
accordingly less
and less willing to
submit to the tyranny of their husbands.
8.
心绞痛常常是心脏病的前兆，需要特别治疗，主要是
药物治疗。
Angina
pectoris is often a prelude to a heart attack and
requires special treatment, primarily with
drugs.
9.
我们决定挖空这些大圆木，以便更多的人能坐在里面
并乘坐他们顺河而下。
We
decide to hollow out the great logs so that more
men could sit inside them and ride in them
down the river.
10.
< br>这场大火把宫殿里所有东西都毁掉了。没有一件华丽的镶嵌着金银的家具幸存下来。
The
fire
destroyed
everything
in
the
palace.
Nothing
of
the
magnificent
furniture,
studded
with
gold
and silver, has survived.
英译汉：
Most of us
associate very strongly with the place of our
birth or the place we have learned to call
home. It can hurt very much not to be
able to go there physically in order to feel
secure.
我们大多数人都把自己同自己的出生地或我们称之为家的地方紧密相联
。
不能回家以获得安
全感是令人痛苦的。
Other students are very excited in
the beginning only
to find, after
several weeks, that they are
starting
to miss what was familiar and wish for a visit
with friends and family.
别的学生一开始很兴奋，
几周后却发现自己开始想念所熟知的事物，
并希望见到朋友和家人。<
/p>
Homesickness can strike any
of us when we have moved to new surroundings and
are being called
upon to meet our needs
in a different way and with different people.
当我们搬迁到新的环境，
需要以不同方式与不同的人交往以满足自己的需
要的时候
,
我们每
个人都会有想家的感觉。
Sometimes
it
can
become
a
more
serious
depression
if the
person
cannot
begin
to
meet
his/her
needs for love
and belonging with new people.
有时
,
如果这个人开始对爱的需要不
能得到满足，想融入新群体的愿望又不能实现
,
那么想
家就可能会导致更严重的忧郁症。
Often,
homesickness
is
another
way
of
saying
we
are
scared
to
face
the
future,
or
that
we’re
doubting our ability to cope.
通常
,
想家是另一种表明我们害怕面
对未来或怀疑自己应对能力的方式。
UNIT 3
1.
由生物多样性的丧失而引起的对人类和地球的威胁和由气
候变化所带来的危险一样大。
The
threat
to
humanity
and
the
planet
posed
by
biodiversity
loss
is
as
great
as
the
dangers
presented by climate change.
2.
收到年轻读者表达他们对被囚动物的关心的信，
并询问他们能帮助做什么，
我们总是很
高兴。<
/p>
We are always happy to hear
from young readers expressing concern for animals
in captivity and
asking what they can
do to help.
3.
这两个最盛行的理论都认为恐
龙之所以灭绝是因为地球大气和温度的变化而造成的。
The
two most popular t
heories both say that
dinosaurs died out because of changes in the
earth’s
atmosphere and temperature.
4.
这场森林大火最终被消防队所控制住了，花费将近
50
万美元。
The forest fire was finally brought
under control by the fire-fighting crews at a cost
of nearly half
a million dollars.
5.
植物根茎能够固定土壤，使之不会被雨水冲蚀。
Plant roots can hold the soil in
position and prevent it from being washed away by
the rain water.
6.
健康的生态系统以能
源、营养物质、有机物质和水的可持续更替为特点。
Healthy ecosystems are characterized by
sustainable turnovers of energy, nutrients,
organic matter
and water.
7.
在世界野生动物基金会一份新的报告中，科学家警告说全球变
暖可能在今后
20
年中灭
绝北极熊。<
/p>
In a new report by the WWF,
scientists have warned that global warming could
kill off polar bears
within the next 20
years.
8.
犁过的地对流
水没有防范能力，因而珍贵的表土常常在大雨和洪水中被冲走。
Plowed fields don’t have any
pr
otection against running water, and
often the valuable topsoil is
carried
away during heavy rains or floods.
9. <
/p>
这个花园比前两天要安静多了，但周围还是有很多各式各样的鸟。
The garden was considerably quieter
than it had been the previous two days, but there
were still a
good variety of birds
around.
10.
尽管有不同的预计，
但总体上人们认
为用于制作现代药品的活性成分有大约
30%
到
40%
是从植物中提取的，或同植物有关。
While
estimates
differ,
it
is
generally
believed
that
around
30%
–
40%
of
the
active
ingredients
used in modern
medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.
英译汉：
One of these
reasons is that each life-form occupies a special
place within its ecosystem
—
that is,
its
community
of
plant
and
animal
life,
in
combination
with
the
nonliving
components
of
its
environment such as the climate, soil,
water, and air.
理由之一是
,
每个物种在它所处的由
所有动植物和无生命的气候、土壤、水和空气等组成的
生态系统中都占有一个特殊的地位
。
For instance, within a
forest the larger trees drop off little twigs and
debris, making a layer that
holds water
in the soil for other plants to use. The roots
hold the soil and prevent it from washing
away in rainstorms.
例如
,
在森林中，较高的树掉下的残
枝在土壤中形成一个水份保持层，供其它植物利用。它
们的根可以固定土壤，防止土壤被
暴雨冲走。
Whether living or
dead, the tree provides shelter for animals and
birds and food for insects. As the
dead
tree rots away, it enriches the soil of the forest
floor, enabling other plants to spring up in its
place.
无论是活树还是枯树
都可以为动物和鸟提供栖息地，
为昆虫提供食物。
枯树腐烂以后
还可以
肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其它植物从原处拔地而出。
Such large trees are an example of what
we call keystone species; if they disappeared from
their
ecosystem, the consequences would
be felt throughout the community of other species
living in
the forest. ―The loss of a
keystone species is like a drill accidentally
striking a powerline,‖ says
biologist
Edward Wilson of Harvard University. ―It causes
lights to go out all over.‖
这样的大树就是我们所说的主要物种
;
如果它们从生态系统中消失
,
其后果会遍及所有居住
在森林的其它物种。哈佛大学的生物学家爱德华·威尔逊说：
“一个主要
物种的消失就像钻
头意外地钻断电线，导致四处断电。
”
During the current sixth great
extinction, three species of life-forms are dying
out every hour, or
74 per day, which
equals 27,000 each year. Some of these
—
and we don’t
even know which ones
—
are
undoubtedly keystone species.
在当前第六次“大灭绝”时期
,
每小时平均有三个物种灭绝，也就是每天有
74
个物种灭绝
,
每年合计达
27,000
个。
其中有些物种——虽然我们不确定是哪些——毫无疑问是主要物种。
UNIT 4
1.
经过五年的实践
,
他现在对同国际投资和贸易相关的法律事务已很在行了。
Having
practiced
for
about
5
years,he
is
now
adept
at
legal
issues
relating
to
international
investment and trade.
2.
根据一项调查，
X
一代对退休后依靠社会保障
持怀疑态度。
和先辈们相比，
他们早已开
始在为退休而省钱了。
According to a
survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on
Social Security when they retire.
They
began saving for retirement early compared with
their predecessors.
3.
通过这种轻松舒适的脚摩治疗，你白天所有的烦恼压力好象都消失了。
All
the
cares
and
stresses
of
your
day
seem
to
fade
away
under
the
relaxing
and
comfortable
treatment of
foot massage.
4.
研究表明大部分员工都很看重他们卓有成效的工作能够得到认可或赞赏。
Studies show that most employees place
a high value on being recognized or being
complemented
for a job well done.
5.
急诊室里挤满了来看常见病的病人，因为他们没有固定的医生。
Emergency
rooms
were
clogged
with
patients
who
came
for
treatment
of
relatively
routine
medical problems because they didn’t
have a regular doctor.
6.
任何一个试图训练或帮助一名新技术经理转变角色成为领导的
人都可以从这本书中获
得有用的想法。
Anyone trying to coach or help a new
technical manager make the transition to a
leadership role
can get useful ideas
from this book.
7.
< br>大多数时候如果你走捷径完成一个项目，结果则需要你做一些修补工作
,
而其所花的时
间会是你走捷径所省下的时间的两倍。
Most of the time when you take a
short cut for completing a project you will end up
doing some
repair work later that will
take double the time you saved by the short cut.
8.
那些不能在个人和职业生活之
间设置合理界限的员工是不能理解生活和工作的意义的。
Employees
who
fail
to
set
appropriate
boundaries
between
their
personal
and professional
lives
will not be able to
understand the meaning of life and work.
9.
这一运动的目的是训练人们在
面对危险时有序而职业地作出反应。
The purpose
of the exercise was to
train staff
to react in a disciplined and
professional manner
when in the
presence of danger.
10.
大多数
X
一代人都有放弃职业发展而花费更多时
间来陪妻子和孩子的愿望
,
特别是在他
们孩子还小的那几年。
英译汉：
Most
Gen Xers
have
the
desire
to
forgo
career
advancement
for
more
time
with
their
wife
and
children, especially in the early years
of their children’s lives.
Gen Xers, on the other hand, watched
the sacrifices that their parents made to move up
the career
ladder, only to be met with
massive layoffs in American corporations.
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