16年12月四级卷三阅读翻译

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one

word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the

passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a

letter.

Please

mark

the

corresponding

letter

for

each

item

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single

line

through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Many

men

and

women

have

l

ong

bought

into

the idea

that

there

are

“male”

and

“female”

brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study

（

26

）

that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.

In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers

（

27

）

for sex differences the entire human brain.

And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for

（

28

）

brains as “male” or

“female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right i

n the

middle.

Daphna

Joel,

who

led

the

study,

said

her

research

found

that

while

there

are

some

gender-based

（

29

）

, many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.

While the “average” male and “average” female brains were

（

30

）

diffe

rent, you couldn’t tell

it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small

（

31

）

of people had “all

-

male” or “all

-

female”

characteristics.

Larry

Cahill,

an

American

neuroscientist

(

神经科学家

),said

the

study

is

an

important

addition to a growing body of research questioning

（

32

）

beliefs about gender and brain function.

But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,

（

33

）

of gender.

“There’s a mountain of evidence

< br>（

34

）

the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain

functi

on,” he told The Seattle Times.

If anything, he said, the study

< br>（

35

）

that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even

when we are not clear exactly how.”

A) abnormal

B) applied

C) briefly

D) categorizing

E) challenges

F) figure

G) percentage

H) proving

I) regardless

J) searched

K) similarities

L) slightly

M) suggests

N) tastes

O) traditional

参考答案：

26. [E] challenges

27. [J] searched

28. [D] categorizing

29. [K] similarities

30. [L] slightly

31. [G] percentage

32. [O] traditional

33. [ I ] regardless

34. [H] proving

35. [M] suggests

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.

Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is

marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet

2.

Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?

[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t

surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of po

pular

home-security systems.

[B]The

most

likely

type

of

burglary

(

入室盗窃

)

by

far

is

the

unsophisticated

crime

of

opportunity,

usually

involving

a

broken

window

or

some

forced

entry.

According

to

the

FBI,

crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in

wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window

being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so

small that the

FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.

[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is

vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar

(

入室盗贼

)

might

be

able

to

shut

your

system

down

simply

by

cutting

the

right

cable.

With

a

wireless

setup,

you

stick

battery-powered

sensors

up

around

your

home

that

keep

an

eye

on

windows,

doors,

motion,

and

more.

If

they

detect

something

wrong

while

the

system

is

armed,

they’ll

t

ransmit

a

wireless

alert

signal

to

a

base

station

that

will

then

raise

the

alarm.

That

approach

will

eliminate

most

cord-cutting

concerns

—

but

what

about

their

wireless

equivalent,

jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop

a thief from jamming

your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?

[D]Jamming

concerns

are

nothing

new,

and

they’re

not

unique

to

security

systems.

Any

device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific freque

ncy can be overwhelmed by a

stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a

conversation between two people

—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.

[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on

—

that means that a

potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need

so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you

use,

that’d

point

them

in

the

right

direction,

though

at

that

point,

we’re

talking

about

a

highly

targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority

of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for s

ome frequencies than it is for

others.

[F]

Wireless

security

providers

will

often

take

steps

to

help

combat

the

threat

of

jamming

attacks.

SimpliSafe,

winner

of

our

Editor’s

Choice

distinction,

utilizes

a

special

system

that’s

capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system

thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(

推送警报

).From there, it’s up to you to

sound the alarm manually.

[G]

SimpliSafe

was

singled

out

in

one

recent

article

on

jamming,

complete

with

a

video

showing

the

entire

system

being

effectively

bypassed

with

handheld

jamming

equipment.

After

taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out

for ourselves, and were able to verify th

at it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also

verified that SimpliSafe’s anti

-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my

smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the

article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.

[H]We

like

the

unique nature

of

that

software.

It

means

that

a

thief

likely

wouldn’t

be

able

to

Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe

claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which

means

there

wouldn’t

be

a

universal

magic

formula

for

cracking

it.

Other

systems

also

seem

confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its

site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases

of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.

[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the

right

know-

how,

it’s

possible

to

jam

any

wireless

transmission.

But

how

probable

is

it

that

someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?

[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a

functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically.

Then,

he’s

going

to

need

to

know

the

technical

det

ails

of

your

system

and

acquire

the

specific

equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at

night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock

somehow, or bre

aking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window

or

opened

door

would

normally

release

the

alarm.

So,

too,

would

the

motion

detectors

in

your

home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for

things to steal.

However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti

-jamming system, the details of which he

almost certainly does now have access to.

[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the

sort of opportunistic smash-and-

grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also

only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one

that

includes

common

sense

things

like

sound

locks

and

proper

exterior

lighting

at

night.

No

system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one

of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is

one

that

keeps

that

worst-case

setting

as

improbable

as

possible

while

also

offering

strong

protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.

36.

It

is

possible

for

burglars

to

make

jamming

attacks

with

the

necessary

equipment

and

skill.

37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.

38.

A

burglar

has

to

continuously

jam

the

wireless

security

device

to

avoid

triggering

the

alarm, both inside and outside the house.

39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from

targeted jamming attacks.

40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.

41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.

42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is

detected.

43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the

wireless security system.

44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellph

one.

45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.

参考答案：

36. [I]

37. [D]

38. [J]

39. [F]

40. [B]

41. [H]

42. [C]

43. [K]

44. [G]

45. [E]

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or

unfinished

statements.

For

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A),B),C)

and

D).You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

Sheet

2

with

a

single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about

Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That

’s

because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.

I hate tipping.

I

hate

it

because

it’s

an

obligation

disguised

as

an

option.

I

hate

it

for

the

post

-dinner

math

it

requires of me. But

mostly, I hate tipping because

I believe

I would be in a better place if pay

decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually

every other industry.

Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually

love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No

matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems

as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with

the tipping system.

One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro- tipping crowd seems logical enough: the

service

is

better

when

waiters

depend

on

tips,

presumably

because

they

see

a

benefit

to

successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few

100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only

a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen

observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t

believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.

So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for

your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you

to do drunken math.

46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?

A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.

B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.

D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.

47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?

A) It sets a bad example for other industries.

B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.

C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.

48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?

A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.

B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.

C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.

D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?

A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.

B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.

C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.

D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.

50. What does the author argue for in the passage?

A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.

B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.

C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.

D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the

world economy, but recent

forecasts for

global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the

link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?

Some

experts

say

there

are

still

good

reasons

to

believe

cheap

oil

should

heat

up

the

world

economy.

Consumers

have more

money

in

their

pocket

s

when

they’re

paying

less

at

the

pump.

They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.

The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But

doesn’t the extra money

in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil

producing

countries,

cancelling

out

the

gains?

Not

necessarily,

says

economic

researcher

Sara

Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices

fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(

补贴

) for their

consumers.”

But

not

all

oil

producers

have

big

reserves,

In

Venezuela,

collapsing

oil

prices

have

sent

its

economy into free-fall.

Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects

of plunging oil prices are overwhelming

the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has

plunged partly because oil-

producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.

Sara

Johnson

acknowledges

that

the

global

economic

benefit

from

a

fall

in

oil

prices

today

is

likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so

the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.

Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas

pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of

oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings

for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.

51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?

A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.

B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.

C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.

D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.

52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?

A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.

B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.

C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.

D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.

53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?

A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.

B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.

C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.

D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.

54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?

A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.

B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.

C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.

D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.

55. Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?

A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.

B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.

C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.

D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.

参考答案：

46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

47. [C] It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

49. [A] Services quality has little effect on tip size.

50. [D] Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.

52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.

53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.

54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.

55. [C] Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.

参考答案：

46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.

47. [C] It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.

48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.

49. [A] Services quality has little effect on tip size.

50. [D] Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.

51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.

52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.

53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.

54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.

55. [C] Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.

翻译原文：

在中国 文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红

色到处可见。< /p>

人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，

通常放在红信封里。

红色在中国

流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相 联系。

然而，

红色并不总是代表好运与

快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。

参考译文：

The

color

of

red

in

Chinese

culture

usually

means

good

luck,

longevity

and

happines

s.

Red

can

be

found

everywhere

during

Chinese

Spring

Festival

and

other

joyous

occasion

s.

Cashes

often

in

red

envelopes

are

sent

to

family

members

or

close

friends

as

gifts.

Its

popularity

can

also

be

attributed

the

fact

that

people

accociate

it

with

Chinese

revolution

and

Communist

Party.

However,

it

does

not

always

equal

to

good

luck

and

joy

in

that

th

e

name

of

the

dead

used

to

be

written

in

red.

Using

red

ink

to

write

names

of

Chinese

people

were

seen

as

an

offense.

1

一

月

产品名称

数量

金额

利润

二

月

三

月

利润

产品名称

数量

金额

利润

产品名称

数量

金额

合

计

合

计

合

计

四

月

产品名称

合

计

下午

13

：

00

—

17

：

00

五

月

金

额

利

润

合

计

产品名称

数

量

金

额

利

润

产品名称

合

计

六

月

数

量

金

额

利

润

数

量

B

．实行 不定时工作制的员工，在保证完成甲方工作任务情况下，经公司同意

,

< br>可自行安排工作和休息时间。

3

．

1

．

2

打 卡制度

3.1.2.1

公司实行上、 下班指纹录入打卡制度。全体员工都必须自觉遵守工作时间，实行不定时工作制的员工不必打卡。

3.1.2.2

打卡次数：一日两次，即早上上班打 卡一次，下午下班打卡一次。

3.1.2.3

打卡时间：打卡时间为上班到岗时间和下班离岗时间；

3.1.2.4

因公外出不能打卡：

因公外出不能打卡应填 写

《外勤登记表》

,

注明外出日期、< /p>

事由、

外勤起止时间。

因公外出需事先申 请，

如因特殊情况不能事先申请，

应在事毕到岗当日完成申请、

审批手续，

否则按旷工处理。

因停电、

卡钟

（工卡）

故障未打卡的员工，

上班前、

下班后要及时到部门考勤员处填写

《未打卡补签申请表》

，

由直接主管签字证明当日的出勤状况，

报部门经理、

人力资源部批准后，月底由部门考勤员据此上报考 勤。上述情况考勤由各部门或分公司和项目文员协助人力资源部进行管理。

3.1.2.5

手工考勤制度

3.1.2.6

手工考勤制申请：由于工作性质，员工无法正常打卡（ 如外围人员、出差）

，可由各部门提出人员名单，经主管副总批准后，报人力资源部审批 备案。

3.1.2.7

参与手工考勤 的员工，需由其主管部门的部门考勤员

(

文员

< br>)

或部门指定人员进行考勤管理，并于每月

26