-
1
、岳阳楼记
（宋）范仲淹
庆历四年春，滕子京谪
守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其
旧制，刻唐贤、今人诗赋
于其上。属予作文以记之。
予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。
衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气
象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也。前
人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会
于此，览物之情，得无异乎？<
/p>
若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐耀，
山岳潜形；商旅不行，樯
倾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗
畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲
者矣。
至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳；岸芷汀兰，郁
郁
青青。
而或长烟一空，
皓月千里，
浮光
跃金，
静影沉璧，
渔歌互答，
此乐何极
！
登斯楼也，
则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者
矣。
嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以
物喜，不以己悲；居庙堂之高则
忧其民；
处江湖之远则忧其君。
是进亦忧，
退亦忧。
然则何时而乐耶？
其必曰“先天下之忧
而忧，后天下之乐而乐”乎。噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？
时六年九月十五日。
译文：
Yueyang
Pavilion
Fan Zhongyan
In
the spring
of
the
fourth
year
of
the reign
of
Qingli,
Teng
Zijing
was
banished
from
the
capital
to
be
governor
of
Baling
Prefecture.
After
he
had
govern
the
district
for
a
year,
the
administration
became
efficient,
the
people
became
united,
and
all
things
that
had
fallen
into
disrepair were given a new lease on
life. Then he restored Yueyang Pavilion, adding
new splendor
to the original
structure and having inscribed on it
pomes by famous men of the Tang Dynasty as
well as the present time.
And he asked me to write an essay to
commemorate this. Now I have
found that the finest sights of Baling
are concentrated in the region of Lake Dongting.
Dongting,
nibbling at the distant hills
and gulping down the Yangtze River, strikes all
beholders as vast and
infinite,
presenting
a
scene
of
boundless
variety;
and
this
is
the
superb
view
from
Yueyang
Pavilion. All this has been described
in full by writers of earlier ages.
However, since the lake is
linked with Wu Gorge in the north and
extends to the Xiao and Xiang rivers in
the south, many
exiles and wandering
poets gather here, and their reactions to these
sights
vary greatly. During a
period
of
incessant
rain, when
a
spell
of
bad
weather continues
for
more
than
a
month, when
louring
winds
bellow
angrily,
tumultuous
waves
hurl
themselves
against
the
sky,
sun
and
stars
hide
their
light,
hills
and
mountains
disappear,
merchants
have
to
halt
in
their
travels,
masts
collapse and oars splinter, the day
darkens and the roars of tigers and howls of
monkeys are heard,
if
men
come
to
this
pavilion
with
a
longing
for
home
in
their
hearts
or
nursing
a
feeling
of
bitterness
because
of
taunts
and
slander,
they
may
find
the
sight
depressing
and
fall
prey
to
agitation or despair.
But
during mild and bright spring weather, when the
waves are unruffled and
the
azure
translucence
above
and
below
stretches
before
your
eyes
for
myriads
of
li
,
when
the
water-birds fly
down to congregate on the sands
and
fish with scales like glimmering silk disport
themselves in the water, when the iris
and orchids on the banks grow luxuriant and green;
or when
1
dusk
falls
over
this
vast
expanse
and
bright moon casts
its
light
a
thousand
li
, when
the
rolling
waves glitter like gold and
silent shadows in the water glimmer
like jade, and the fishermen sing
to
each
other
for sheer
joy,
then
men coming
up
to
this
pavilion
may
feel
complete
freedom
of
heart
and
ease
of spirit,
forgetting
every
worldly
gain
or
setback,
to
hold
their
winecups
in
the
breeze
in
absolute
elation,
delighted
with
life.
But
again
when
I consider
the
men
of
old
who
possessed
true humanity, they seem to have responded quite
differently. The reason, perhaps, may
be
this:
natural
beauty
was
not
enough
to
make
them
happy,
nor
their
own
situation
enough
to
make them sad. When such
men are high in the government or at court,
their first concern is for
the people; when they retire to distant
streams and lakes, their first concern is for
their sovereign.
Thus
they
worry
both
when
in
office
and
when
in
retirement.
When,
then,
can
they
enjoy
themselves
in
life?
No
doubt
they
are
concerned
before
anyone
else
and
enjoy
themselves
only
after everyone else finds enjoyment.
Surely there are the men in whose footsteps I
should follow!
2
、
《项脊轩志》
(
< br>节选
)
(
明
)
归有光
项脊轩，旧南阁子也。室仅方丈，
可容一人居。百年老屋，尘泥渗漉，雨泽下注；每移
案，顾视无可置者。又北向，不能得
日，日过午已昏。余稍为修葺，使不上漏。前辟四窗，
垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，
室始洞然。又杂植兰桂竹木于庭，旧时栏楯，亦遂增胜。
借书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐
，万籁有声；而庭阶寂寂，小鸟时来啄食，人至不去。三五
之夜，明月半墙，桂影斑驳，
风移影动，珊珊可爱。
译文：
The Nape
Gui
Y
ouguang
The south
passageway from our sidedoor known as the
“
Nape
”
is barely ten square feet, just big
enough to serve as a room for one. Our
house is a hundred years old. Dust used to fall
and rain to
drip through the ceiling,
and
I could find nowhere else to move
my desk.
Moreover, facing north
and
getting
no
sun,
the room
grew
dark
after
noon.
I
patched
it
up so
that
it
no
longer
leaked,
opened windows in front and built a
wall south of the courtyard to reflect the
sunlight and brighten
up the place. I
also planted orchids, cassias
and
bamboo, showing off the old balustrades to better
advantage. My shelves are piled with
books, and here I rest and sing or sit
quietly listening to the
sounds all
around in the stillness of the courtyard. Small
birds alighting in search of food do not
fly off at the appearance of men, and
when a full moon casts its bright light over half
the wall the
mottled shadows of the
cassia trees stir in the wind with a dappled
loveliness.
刘士聪译文：
Xiangjixuan
Gui
Y
ouguang
My study , Xiangjixuan used
to be called South Chamber.
It was only
ten feet by ten, large
enough for one
person to live in. As it was nearly one hundred
years old, dust and flakes of plaster
fell and the roof let in rain. When I
moved my desk, I could find no place to keep it
off the rain.
It faced the
north and the
sun could not get inside.
Soon after noon it turned dusky.
I did some
repairs
to
the
roof
to stop
it
leaking,
opened
four
windows
in
front
and
built
a
wall
around.
I
2
planted orchids, laurels, bamboos
and trees about and, therefore, the old
railings looked brighter
with colors.
The bookshelf was filled with books on loan. I
read and chanted aloud, beating time
by
swaying back and forth. Sitting in it I could hear
various sounds emanating from outside. It was
so quiet round the steps that small
birds often came looking for food there, not
scared of men
?
s
presence. On the fifteenth night of the
lunar month the bright moon flooded half of the
wall. When
a gentle breeze arose,
laurel leaves shimmered flecks of moonlight on the
wall and it was pleasing
to see the
shadows dancing and hear the leaves rustling in
the wind.
3
、《黄冈竹
楼记》
（节选）
[
宋
]
王禹偁
黄冈之地多竹，大者如椽。竹工破之，刳去其节，用代陶瓦。比屋皆然，以其价廉而工<
/p>
省也。
子城西北隅，雉堞圮毁
,
蓁莽荒秽，因作小楼二间，与月波楼通。远吞山光，平挹江濑，
幽阒辽夐
，不可具状。夏宜急雨，有瀑布声
；冬宜密雪，有碎玉声。宜鼓琴，琴调和畅；
宜咏诗，诗韵清绝；宜围棋，子声丁丁然；
宜投壶，矢声铮铮然：皆竹楼之所助也。
译文：
The Bamboo
Pavilion at Huanggang
Wang Yucheng
The county of Huanggang abounds in
bamboo, the largest as big as rafters.
Bamboo workers
split the
stems
and slice off the knots, and the
bamboo is used in place of earthen tiles.
All the
buildings here are
roofed with these bamboo tiles because they are
cheap and save labour.
At the
northwest corner of my city the walls
had crumbled, the ground was overgrown with
brambles, the
place
wild
and
dirty;
so
I
had
a small
two-room
pavilion
constructed
there,
linking
it
with
the
Moon
Wave
Pavilion.
It
affords
a
view
of
the
distant
hills
and
dips
at
the shallows
of
the river
below.
The
quiet
seclusion
there
defies
description.
This
pavilion
is
delightful
during
a
sudden
summer
shower, when rain beats on the roof like a
waterfall; it is equally delightful during heavy
snow
in
winter,
when
the
snow
tinkles
on
the
roof
like
jade.
The
pavilion
is
a
good
place
for
strumming a lyre, for
the echo is smooth and mellow.
It is a
good place for chanting
poetry too,
for the recitation rings out fine and
clear; it is a good place for playing draughts and
hearing the
sound
made
by
draughtsmen
on
board,
or
for
playing
touhu
and
hearing
the
thud
of
arrows
dropping into the spot; for all these
sounds are
brought out to the best
advantage in this Bamboo
Pavilion.
4
、《前赤壁赋》
（宋）苏轼
壬戌之秋，七月既望，苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来
，水波不兴。举酒属客，
诵明月之诗，
歌窈窕之章。
少焉，
月出于东山之上，
徘徊于斗牛之间。
白露横江，
水光接天。
纵一苇之所如，凌万顷
之茫然。浩浩乎如凭虚御风，而不知其所止；飘飘乎如遗世独立，羽
化而登仙。
于是饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌之。歌曰：
“桂棹兮
兰桨，击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀，望
美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。
其声呜呜然，如怨如慕，如泣如诉；余音袅
袅，不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇
。
苏子愀然，正襟危坐而问客曰：“何为其然也？”客曰：“
月明星稀，乌鹊南飞，此非
曹孟德之诗乎？西望夏口，
东望武昌
，
山川相缪，
郁乎苍苍，
此非孟德之困
于周郎者乎？方
其破荆州，下江陵，顺流而东也，舳舻千里，旌旗蔽空，酾酒临江，横槊
赋诗，固一世之雄
3