-
The
Ancient
Greek
philosophers
have
played
a
pivotal
role
in
the
shaping
of
the
western
philosophical
tradition.
This
article
surveys
the
seminal
works
and
ideas
of
key
figures
in
the
Ancient
Greek
philosophical
tradition
from
the
Presocratics
to
the
Neoplatonists.
It
highlights
their main philosophical concerns and
the evolution in their thought from the sixth
century BCE to
the sixth century CE.
The
Ancient
Greek
philosophical
tradition
broke
away
from
a
mythological
approach
to
explaining
the
world,
and
it
initiated
an
approach
based
on
reason
and
evidence.
Initially
concerned with explaining the entire
cosmos, the Presocratic philosophers strived to
identify its
single underlying
principle. Their theories were diverse and none
achieved a consensus, yet their
legacy
was the initiation of the quest to identify
underlying principles.
This sparked a
series of investigations into the limit and role
of reason and of our sensory faculties,
how knowledge is acquired and what
knowledge consists of. Here we find the Greek
creation of
philosophy as
“
the love of
wisdom,
”
and the
birth of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics.
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the
most influential of the ancient Greek
philosophers, and they
focused their
attention more on the role of the human being than
on the explanation of the material
world. The work of these key
philosophers was succeeded by the Stoics and
Epicureans who were
also concerned with
practical aspects of philosophy and the attainment
of happiness. Other notable
successors
are Pyrrho's school of skepticism and the
Neoplatonists such as Plotinus who tried to
unify Plato's thought with theology.
古希腊哲学家在塑造西方哲学传统有举足轻重的作用。
这篇文章调查
的开创性著作和思想的
古希腊哲学传统从苏格拉底到
Neoplatonists
中的关键人物。
它突出了哲学关
注的主要
问题和他们的思想，从公元前六世纪到公元六世纪的演变。
古希腊哲学传统打破神话的方式解释世界，
，
它开创了一种基于的理由和证据。
最初关注与
解释
整个宇宙，
像前苏格拉底时代哲学家努力查明其单一的基本原则。
他们的理论了多样和
没有达成共识，他们的遗产也没有开始寻求确定的基本原则。
这引发了一系列的调查作用与限制的原因和我们感官的能力、
知识是如何和什么知识组
成。
在这里我
们找到了希腊哲学的产生作为
爱智慧
<
/p>
与形而上学、
认识论和伦理学的诞生。
苏格拉底、
柏拉图和亚里斯多德是最具影响力的古希腊哲学家们，和他们把注意力更多的
作用比人类对物质世界的解释。这些关键的哲学家们的工作是由斯多葛学派和享乐主义者，
也担心实际方面的理念和实现幸福成功的。
其他显著的继任者的怀疑和普
罗提诺试图统一与
神学的柏拉图的思想如
Neoplatoni
sts
磁铁的学校
Ancient Greek philosophy
arose in the 6th century BCE and continued
throughout the
Hellenistic
period
and the period in which
Ancient
Greece
was part of
the
Roman
Empire
.
It
dealt with
a
wide
variety of
subjects, including
political
philosophy
,
ethics
,
metaphysics
,
ontology
,
logic
,
biology
,
rhetori
c
, and
aesthetics
.
Many
philosophers
today
concede
that
Greek
philosophy
has
influenced
much of Western thought since its
inception.
Alfred North
Whitehead
once noted:
the
European
philosophical tradition is that it consists of a
series
of footnotes to
Plato
.
[1]
Clear,
unbroken lines of influence lead
from
ancient Greek
and
Hellenistic philosophers
to
Early Islamic
philosophy
, the European
Renaissance
and the
Age of Enlightenment
.
Some
claim
that
Greek
philosophy,
in
turn,
was
influenced
by
the
older
wisdom literature and
mythological cosmogonies of the
ancient
Near
East
.
Martin
Litchfield West
gives qualified assent
to this view,
stating,
cosmology
and
theology
helped to
liberate
the
early
Greek
philosophers'
imagination;
it
certainly
gave
gave
them
many
suggestive
ideas.
But
they
taught
themselves
to
reason.
Philosophy as we
understand it is a Greek
creation.
[2]
Subsequent philosophic tradition was so
influenced by
Socrates
(as
presented by
Plato
) that it is
conventional to refer to philosophy
developed prior to Socrates as
pre-Socratic philosophy
. The
periods
following this until the
wars of Alexander the Great
are those of
。
古希腊哲学产生于公元前
6
世纪，
并继续在整个希腊化时期和古希腊在罗马帝国的一部分
的期间。
它处理各种各样的科目，
包括政治哲学、
伦理学、
形而上学、
本体论、
逻辑、
生
物学、
修辞和美学。
许多哲学家今天承认希腊哲学影响了很多西方思想自成立以来。
阿尔弗雷德
·
诺思
·
怀特<
/p>
海德曾指出：
的欧洲哲学传统最安全的一
般特征是它是由一系列引用柏拉图的注脚
。
[1]
清晰，完整的线的影响从古希腊和古希腊哲学家导致早期伊斯兰哲学，对欧
洲文艺复
兴和启蒙时代。
有些人声称希腊哲学，反过来，影响老年人的智慧文学和古代近东地区的神话宇宙。马
丁
·
利奇菲尔德西给合格的同意这种看法，指
出，
接触东方宇宙学和神学有助于解放早
期的希腊哲学家的想象力
；这无疑给了他们许多有启发性的
观点。但他们教自己的原因。
哲学作为我们理解这是一个希腊创造。
随后的哲学传统就受到了苏格拉底
（如由柏拉图给出）
这是常规来指开
发前苏格拉底作
为前苏格拉底哲学的哲学。后这直到亚历山大大帝的战争都是那些
古典希腊
和
希腊化
时期哲学。
Western philosophy began in
ancient Greece in the 6th century BCE.
The Presocratics were mostly from the
eastern or western fringes of
the
Greek
world.
Their
efforts
were
directed
to
the
investigation
of
the
ultimate
basis
and
essential
nature
of
the
external
world.[7]
They
sought the material principle (archê)
of things, and the method of
their
origin and disappearance.[7] As the first
philosophers, they
emphasized the
rational unity of things, and rejected
mythological
explanations of the world.
Only fragments of the original writings
of the presocratics survive. The
knowledge we have of them derives
from
accounts of later philosophical writers
(especially Aristotle,