-
Foreword
By Rajat
Gupta
，
ICC Cbairman
The global economy has given business
broader
access than ever before to
markets all over the world.
Goods are
sold in more countries
，
in
large quantities,
and in greater
variety. But as the volume and
complexity of global sales increase, so
do possibilities
for misunderstandings
and costly disputes when sale
contracts
are not adequately drafted.
The
Incoterms? rules, the ICC rules on the use of
domestic and international trade terms,
facilitate the
conduct of global trade.
Reference to an Icoterms
2010 rule in a
sale contract clearly defines the parties'
respective obligations and reduces the
risk of legal
complications.
Since the creation of the Incoterms
rules by ICC in
1936, this globally
accepted contractual standard has
been
regularly updated to keep pace with the
development of international trade. The
Incoterms 2010
rules take account of
the continued spread of customs-
free
zones, the increased use of electronic
communications in business
transactions, heightened
concern about
security in the movement of goods and
consolidates in transport practices.
Incoterms2010
updates and consolidates
the 'delivered' rules, reducing
the
total number of rules from 13 to 11, and offers a
simpler and clearer presentation of all
the rules.
Incoterms 2010 is also the
first version of the Incoterms
rules to
make all references to buyers and sellers
gender-neutral.
The broad
expertise of ICC's Commission on
Commercial Law and Practice, whose
membership is
drawn from all parts of
the world and all trade sectors,
ensures that the Incoterms 2010 rules
respond to
business needs everywhere
defines the parties' respective
obligations and reduces the risk of
legal complications.
ICC would like to
express its gratitude to the members
of
the Commission, chaired by Fabio Bortolotti
(Italy),
to the Drafting Group, which
comprised Charles
Debattista(Co-Chair,
France), Jens Bredow (Germany),
Johnny
Herre(Sweden), David Lwee(UK), Lauri
Railas(Finland), Frank Reynolds(US),and
Miroslav
Subert(Szech Republic), and to
Asko Raty (Finland)
for assistance with
the images depicting the 11 rules.
前言
国际商会主席
Rajat
Gupta
全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径空
前宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，
随着全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复
杂性的加强
,
因贸
< br>易合同起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可能
随之增加。
< br>
国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国
际贸
易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易
合同中引用国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
可明确界
定各方义务并降低法律纠纷产生的风险。
自从
1936
年国际商会制定出国际贸易
术语解释通
则之后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经
常
性地更新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国
际贸易术语解释通则
2010
考虑了免税贸易区的
不
断增加，电子沟通在商务中的不断增多，以及被更
加重视的货
物运输中的安全和变化等问题。国际贸
易术语解释通则
2010
更新并加强了交货规则，将
规则总量从
13
条减少到了
11
条，并且使得所有
规则的表述更加简洁明确。国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
同时也是第一个使得所有在
买卖双方中的适用
保持中立的第一个国际贸易术语解释版本。
国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世
界各地和多个贸易部门
，该委员会广泛的
专业技能确保了国际贸易术语解释通则
2010
与各地的商贸需求相适应。
国际商会向
Fabio Bortolotti
（意大利）的商法和实践
委员会的成员表示谢意，向由
Charles Debattista
（副
组长，英国
），
Christoph Martin Radtke
（副
组长，法
国
）
，
Jens
Bredow
（
德
国
）
，
Johnn
y
Herre
（
瑞
典），
David
Lwee
（英国），
Lauri Railas
（芬兰），
Frank
Reynold
（美国），
Miroslav Subert
（捷克）组
成的起草小组致谢，并且向对
11
条规则的表述给予帮助
的
Asko
Raty
（
芬
兰
）
致
< br>谢
。
INTRODUCTION
The Incoterms? rules explain a set of
three-letter trade
terms reflecting
business-to-business practice in
contracts for the sale of goods. The
Incoterms? rules
describe mainly the
tasks, costs and risks involved in the
delivery of goods from sellers to
buyers.
介绍
Incoterms?
规则规定了一系列在货物销售商业合同
实践中使用的三字母系列贸易术语
Incoterms?
< br>规则
主要描述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责
任
，费用和风险的划分。
How to use the
Incoterms? 2010 rules
orate the
Incoterms? 2010 rules into your
contract of sale
If you want
the Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your
contract, you should make this clear in
the contract,
through such words as,
“[the chosen Incoterms rule
including
the named place, followed by] Incoterms?
2010”.
the
appropriate Incoterms rule
The chosen
Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the
goods, to the means of their transport,
and above all to
whether the parties
intend to put additional obligations,
for example such as the obligation to
organize carriage
or insurance, on the
seller or on the buyer. The Guidance
Note to each Incoterms rule contains
information that is
particularly
helpful when making this choice. Whichever
Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties
should be aware the
interpretation of
their contract may well be influenced
by customs particular to the port or
place being used.
3.
如何适用
Incoterms?2010
规则
1.
把
Incoterms?2010
规则应用到销售合同中
如果要使合同适用
Incoterms
规则
2010
，应在合同中明
确表明，例如：所选择的
Incoterms
规则（含指定
地点）适用
Incoerms?
规则
2010
。
2.
选择适宜的
Incoterms
规则
所选的
Incoterms
规则需要与货物，采取的运输方
式相适宜
，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的
义务，例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方
或卖
方。每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此
的决定
非常有帮助。不论选用何种
Incoterms
规
则，双方应该意识到对合同的解释会受到使用的港口
或地址惯例影响。<
/p>
3.
尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口
名称
只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，
所选术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准，
Inconterms
规则越有效。以下精准描述就是一个很
好的例子：
Incoterms
2010
，
FCA
规则，法国，巴黎，
38
Cours
Albert 1er
在
Incoterms
规则下：
EXW
工厂交货（……指定地点）
FCA
货交承运人(……指定地点)”
DAT
终点站交货(……指定目的地
)
DAP
地点交货
(……指定目的地
)
DDP
完税后交货(……指定目的地
)
FAS
船边交货(……指定装运港
)
FOB
船上交货(……指定装运港
)
此处所
指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移
至买方
Specif
y your place or port as precisely
as
possible
The chosen Incoterms rule can
work only if the parties
name a place
or port, and will work best if the parties
specify the place or port as precisely
as possible.
A good example of such
precision would be:
：
“FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France
Incoterms 2010”.
Under the Incoterms rule Ex Works(EXW),
Free
Carrier(FCA), Delivered at
Terminal(DAT), Delivered
at Place(DAP),
Delivered Duty Paid(DDP), Free
Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on
Board(FOB), the
named place is the
place where delivery takes place and
where risk passes from the seller to
the buyer.
Under the Incoterms rule
Carriage Paid to (CPT),
Carriage and
Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and
Freight(CFR) and Cost, Insurance and
Freight(CIF),
the named place differs
from the place of delivery.
Under these
four Incoterms rules, the named place is
the place of destination to which
carriage is paid.
Indications as to
place or destination can helpfully be
further specified by stating a precise
point in that place
or destination in
order to avoid doubt or argument.
4.
Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a
complete contract of sale
Incoterms rules
do
say which party to the
sale contract
has the obligation to
make carriage or insurance
arrangements, when the seller delivers
the goods to the
buyer, and which costs
each party is responsible for.
Incoterms rules, however, say nothing
about the price
to be paid or the
method of its payment. Neither do they
deal with the transfer of ownership of
the goods, or the
consequences of a
breach of contract. These matters are
normally dealt with through express
terms in the
contract of sale or in the
law governing that contract.
The
parties should be aware that mandatory local law
may override any aspect of the sale
contract, including
the chosen
Incoterms rules.
Incoterms
规则下
CPT
运费付至（……指定目的地）
CIP
运费、保险费付至(…指定目的地
)
CFR
成本加运费(……指定目的港
)
CIF
成本、保险费
加运费
(
指定目的港
)
所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这些
Incoterms
规
则下，所指地点为运费付至地。
为了
避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一
步阐述为一个精确的地点。
4..
谨记
Incoterms
规则并没有给当事人提供一份
完
整的销售合同
Incoterm
规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义
务，当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务
的承担。
然而，
Incoterms
并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方
式的规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违约的后果等。
这些问题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的
法律条文来解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适
用的法律有可能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择
的
Incoterms
规则。
Incoterms?2010
的主要特征
1.
两个新的贸易术语，即
DAT
和
DAP
代替了原来
Incoterms2000
的
DAF,DES,DEQ
和
DDU
术语。
贸易术语的数量从原来的
13
个减少到
11
个。
Incoterms2010
用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式
的新术语——
DAT
，目的地交货和
DAP
，指
定地交货—
—代替了
Incoterms2000
中的
DAF,DES,SEQ
和
DDU
术语。
Main features of the
Incoterm?2010 rules
new
Incoterms
rules
—
DAT
and
DAP
—
have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules
DAF,
DES, DEQ and DDU
The
number of Incoterms rules has been reduced
from 13 to 11.
This has been
achieved by substituting
two
rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed
mode of transport
—
DAT, Delivered at
Terminal, and
DAP, Delivered at Place
—
for the incoterms 2000
rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU.