英国最重要的10个建筑(英文)

The ten most important buildings in England

After

the

Battle

of

Waterloo,

Britain

changed

to

being

a

world

power

built

on

mechanisation,

minerals

and

urbanisation.

Hard,

dirty,

crowded

places

built

the

machines and manufactured the goods that gave Britain global dominance for around

a

century.

The

glorious

buildings

of

the

English

countryside,

the

lanes,

the

villages

and

the

cathedral

closes

became

junior

partners

in

a

much

harsher

view

of

our

national identity.

Danny

Boyle’s

inspired

Olympics

opening

ceremony

captured

this

perfectly.

While

our

cathedrals

are

glorious,

our

country

houses

sublime

,

and

our

villages

the

most

chocolatey of all chocolate boxes, what sets England apart is our mastery of industry.

It

is

home

to

the

earliest

monuments

of

industrialisation,

the

first

factories,

warehouses

, railways, docks, power stations and much more. Half of my list of the

most

influential

buildings

are

products

of

engineering

and

technology,

and

were

all

built in the space of 45 years.

These

places

have

a

sublime

beauty

all

to

themselves.

Over

the

holiday,

I

passed

Sleaford

Maltings,

the

incredible

industrial

complex

that

the

Bass

Brewery

built

in

Lincolnshire. It is a

heart- stopping

sight but it is also derelict and in urgent need of a

new use. The heritage crisis of the 21st century is the fate of our industrial past.

The 20th century saved the country houses, and we can celebrate that, but the effects

of

our

long

obsession

with

the

countryside

have

been

a

neglect

of

our

unique

industrial

heritage.

Ditherington

Flax

Mill,

one

of

my

top

10,

was

rescued

from

collapse by English Heritage in 2005 and is only now finding a new use. Another on

my list

—

Liverpool Road Station, Manchester, the earliest surviving railway station

in the world

–

faces the prospect of its original viaducts being demolished by Network

Rail. This would never be contemplated if a line involved the demolition of part of

Highclere

Castle

(where

Downton

Abbey

is

filmed).

We

need

to

accept

that

our

unique

contribution

to

the

world

was

not

cucumber

sandwiches,

however

nice

they

are.

1.

Westminster Abbey (c.960)

Coronation church and mausoleum, Westminster Abbey has been a royal foundation

since the 960s, and money was lavished on it by successive

monarchs

.

Although only a few Saxon fragments survive, it was here that Edward the Confessor

developed

the

style

that

we

call

Norman.

It

was

also

here

that

Henry

III

began

his

lavish

Gothic

rebuilding,

a

project

that

continued,

after

his

death,

for

nearly

three

centuries. The nave today demonstrates the rich taste of English medieval monarchs

and their masons, with large-scale sculptures and carved and painted heraldic shields.

The abbey set the standard for aspiring builders for centuries.

2.

Rievaulx Abbey, North Yorkshire (1147-67)